Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T02:03:22.820Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Overcoats and Lubrication for Thin Film Disks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2013

A.M. Homola ,
C.M. Mate  and
G.B. Street
Get access

Extract

Metallic alloy thin film media and ever decreasing head-to-media spacing make severe demands on storage devices. Decreasing head-to-media separation is critical for high storage densities but it also leads to increased slider-disk interactions, which can cause slider and disk wear or even head crashes. Wear can also occur when drives start and stop when the slider contacts the disk at relatively high speeds. The reliability and durability of thin film disks, which provide much higher areal density than conventional oxide disks with particulate media, are achieved by the use of very thin overcoat materials and surface lubricants. This article summarizes the approaches taken in the industry to enhance the tribological performance of magnetic media, with special emphasis on the basic understanding of the processes occurring at the slider-disk interface.

The continuous rise in the demand for storage capacity at a competitive price is the prime motivator of the changes we have seen in the data storage industry. It is clearly stimulating the present move away from particulate media, which has long dominated all fields of data storage, i.e., tape, rigid, and flexible disks, to the thin film storage media. Particulate storage devices use magnetic media formulated by dispersing magnetic particles, usually iron oxides, in an organic binder. In thin film storage devices, the storage medium is a continuous magnetic film, usually a cobalt alloy, made either by sputtering or by electroless plating.

Type
Magnetic Recording Materials
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 15 , Issue 3 , March 1990 , pp. 45 - 52
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Matthewson, M.J., Philos. Mag. A 57 (2) (1988) p. 207–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.McFarlane, J.S. and Tabor, D., Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser A. 202 (1950) p. 224.Google Scholar
3.Tsai, H., Mehmandoust, Y., and Eltoukhy, A., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A. 7 (3) (1989) p. 2492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Liu, C.C. and Mee, P.B., IEEE Trans. Magn. MAG-19 (5) (1983) p. 1659.Google Scholar
5.Doan, T.Q. and Mackintosh, N.D., Tribology and Mechanics of Magnetic Storage Systems, STLE Special Publ. SP-25 (1988) p. 6, San Jose, March 1987 (see Refs. 16, 32, 44).Google Scholar
6.Matthewson, M.J. and Mamin, H.J., in Adhesion in Solids, edited by Mattox, D.M., Batich, D., Baglin, J.E.E., and Gottschall, R.J., (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 119, Pittsburgh, PA, 1988) p. 87.Google Scholar
7.Israelachvili, J.N., Intermolecular and Surface Forces (Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, 1985) p. 224.Google Scholar
8.Israelachvili, J.N. and Adams, G.E., Nature (London) 262 (1976) p. 774; J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 174 (1978) p. 975.Google Scholar
9.Israelachvili, J.N., McGuiggan, P.M., and Homola, A.M., Science 240 (1988) p. 189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Homola, A.M., Hirz, H. and Hadziioanou, G., unpublished results.Google Scholar
11.Mate, C.M., Lorenz, M.R., Sanders, I.L., and Lin, L.J., Digest of IEEE Intermag Conference (1989) p. GA–7.Google Scholar
12.Bowden, F.P. and Tabor, D., The Friction and Lubrication of Solids, Part II, (Oxford University Press, England, 1964).Google Scholar
13.Buckley, D.H. and Miyoshi, K., Wear 100 (1984) p. 333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Bowden, F.P., Gregory, J.N., and Tabor, D., Nature 156 (1945) p. 97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Mitsuya, Y., Junkatsu 31 (5) (1986) p. 317–321.Google Scholar
16.Terada, A., Ohtani, Y., Kimachi, Y., and Yoshimura, F., STLE Special Publ. SP-25 in Tribolog. and Mechanics of Magnetic Storage Systems 5 (1989) p. 69.Google Scholar
17.Kawabuko, Y., Ishihara, H., Seo, Y., and Hirano, Y., IEEE Trans. Magn. MAG-20 (5) (1984) p. 933.Google Scholar
18.Biar, S. and Winer, W.O., J. Lubr. Tech., Trans. ASME 101 (1984) p. 258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Furey, M.J. and Kajdas, C., Fourth International Tribology Conference, Budapest, Hungary, (1987).Google Scholar
20.Ettles, C.M., ASLE Preprint, 85-AM-1A-2.Google Scholar
21.Furey, M.J. and Kajdas, C., 6th International Tribology Colloquium, Technische Akademie Esslingen, Esslingen, West Germany (1988).Google Scholar
22.Yogi, T., Gorman, C., Hwang, M., Kakalec, M. and Lambert, S.E., IEEE Trans. Magn. 24 (1988) p. 2727.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Sanders, I., Howard, J.K., Lambert, S.E., and Yogi, T., J. Appl. Phys. 65 (1989) p. 1234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Sundgren, J.E. and Hentzell, T.G., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 4 (1986) p. 2259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Alsenberg, S. and Chabot, R.W., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 10 (1973) p. 104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Robertson, J., Advances in Physics 35 (4) (1986) p. 317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Fink, J., Muller-Heinzerling, T., Pfluger, J., Scheerer, B., Disorder, B., Koidl, P., Bubenzer, A. and Sah, R.R., Phys. Rev. B 30 (1984) p. 4713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Dischler, B., Bubenzer, A., and Koidl, P., Solid State Commun. 48 (1983) p. 105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Robinson, C.J., Samant, M.G., Stohr, V.S., Speriosu, C.R., Guarnieri, C.R., and Cuomo, J.J., in Materials for Infrared Detectors and Sources, edited by Farrow, R.F.C., Schetzina, J.F., and Cheung, J.T. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 90, Pittsburgh, PA, 1987) p. 133.Google Scholar
30.Bredas, J.L. and Street, G.B., J. Phys. C 18 (1985) p. L651.Google Scholar
31.Novotny, V.J. and Staud, N., J. Electrochem. Soc. 132 (1988) p. 2931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Yamaguchi, H., Tsukamoto, Y. and Yanagisawa, M., Tribology and Mechanics of Magnetic Storage Systems, STLE Special Publ. SP-25 (1988) p. 88.Google Scholar
33.Khan, M.R., Heiman, N., Fisher, R.D., Smith, S., Smallen, M., Hughes, G., Veirs, K., Marchon, B., Ogletree, D.F., Salmeron, M., and Siekhaus, W., IEEE Trans. Magn. 24 (1988) p. 2647.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Kaplan, F., Jansen, F. and Machonkin, M., Appl. Phys. Lett. 47 (1985) p. 750.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Weissmantel, C., Bewilogua, K., Breuer, K., Dietrich, D., Ebersbach, U., Erler, H., Rau, B. and Reisse, G., Thin Solid Films 96 (1982) p. 31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36.Miyake, S., Takahashi, S., Watanabe, I., and Yoshihara, H., ASLE Trans. 30 (1986) p. 121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37.Dimigen, H., Hubsch, H., and Memming, R., Appl. Phys. Lett. 50 (1987) p. 1056.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38.Tsukamoto, Y., Yamaguchi, H., and Yanagisawa, M., IEEE Trans. Magn. 24 (1988) p. 2644.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39.Wu, T.W., Hwang, C., Lo, J., and Alexopolous, P.S., IBM Research Report, RJ 6195 (1988).Google Scholar
40.Wu, T.W., Burn, R.A., Chen, M.M., and Alexopoulos, P.S., in Thin Films: Stresses and Mechanical Properties, edited by Bravman, J.C., Nix, W.D., Barnett, D.M., and Smith, D.A., (Mater. Res. Symp. Proc. 130, Pittsburgh, PA, 1989) p. 117.Google Scholar
41.Enke, K., Dimigen, K. and Hubsh, H., Appl. Phys. Lett. 36 (1980) p. 291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42.Yamashita, T., Chen, G.L., Shir, J. and Chen, T., IEEE Trans. Magn. 24 (1988) p. 2629.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43.Stevens, P. and Evans, P.A., J. Br. Ceram. Trans. 83 (1984) p. 28.Google Scholar
44.Yanagisawa, M., Tribology and Mechanics of Magnetic Storage Systems SP-19 (1985) p. 2126.Google Scholar
45.Yanagisawa, M., Tribology and Mechanisms of Magnetic Storage Systems, ASLE 4 (1987).Google Scholar
46.Liu, C.C. and Mee, P.B., IEEE Trans. Magn. MAG-19 (1983) p. 1659.Google Scholar
47.Mate, C.M., Lorenz, M.R., and Novotny, V.J., J. Chem. Phys. 90 (1989) p. 7550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48.Scarati, A.M. and Caporiccio, G., IEEE Trans. Magn. MAG-23 (1987) p. 106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
49.Miyamoto, T., Sato, I., and Ando, Y., Tribology and Mechanics of Magnetic Storage Systems, STLE Spec. Publ. SP-25 (5) (1988) p. 55.Google Scholar
50.Mate, C.M. and Lin, L.J., to be published.Google Scholar
51.Barlow, M., Braitgerg, M., Davis, L., Dunn, V. and Frew, D., IEEE Trans. Magn. MAG-23 (1) (1987) p. 33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar