Hostname: page-component-6bf8c574d5-w79xw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-19T22:50:36.671Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Hard Carbon Coatings: The Way Forward

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2013

Stephan Neuville  and
Allan Matthews
Get access

Extract

Since the first reports by Aisenberg and Chabot in 1971 indicating the possibility of producing hard amorphous (so-called diamondlike) carbon (DLC) films, many experimental and theoretical research results have been published outlining the properties and film growth mechanisms of these films deposited by a variety of techniques. Polycrystalline and even quasimonocrystalline diamond thin films have also been produced, thus providing a wide range of wear and corrosion properties. The difference between these materials and graphite led to a prediction of rapid market growth for hard carbon. However this has not materialized. A large number of carbonbased films have been produced with differences in hardness, elasticity, friction coefficient, optical and electronic bandgap, electrical and thermal conductivity, and thermal stability. In addition these materials can show very different practical adhesion properties, which depend also on the substrate material and composition. Cost, deposition rate and temperature, geometry, and size of the coating chamber are additional variables. As a result, many of these materials can only be used for a limited range of applications. It is now possible to better understand the suitability of various coatings and the causes of the early failures that occurred through unsuitable material choices. This improved understanding should allow improvements in the performance and reliability of hard carbon films and perhaps trigger the kind of market growth that was originally foreseen but failed to materialize.

Type
Technical Features
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 22 , Issue 9 , September 1997 , pp. 22 - 26
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Aisenberg, S. and Chabot, R., J. Appl. Phys. 42 (1971) p. 2953.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Bull, S.J. and Matthews, A., Diamond & Related Materials 1 (1992) p. 1049.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Buckley-Golder, I.M. and Collins, A.T., Diamond & Related Materials 1 (1992) p. 1083.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Erdemir, A., Switala, M., Wei, R., and Wilbur, P., Surf. Coat. Technol. 50 (1991) p. 17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Bachmann, P.K., Leers, D., and Lydtin, H., Diamond & Related Materials 1 (1991) p. 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Jiang, X. and Klages, C-P., Diamond & Related Materials 2 (1993) p. 1112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Norgard, C., Eskildsen, S.S., and Matthews, A., Surf. Coat. Technol. 74/75 (1995) p. 358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Norgard, C. and Matthews, A., in Proc. 6th European Conf. on Diamond, Diamond-like and Related Materials (Barcelona, 1995).Google Scholar
9.Mildner, D.F.R. and Carpenter, J.M., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 47 (1982) p. 391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Robertson, J., Diamond & Related Materials 1 (1992) p. 397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Ishikawa, J., Takeiri, Y., Ogawa, K., and Tagaki, T., J. Appl. Phys. 61 (1987) p. 2509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.McKenzie, D.R., Müller, D., Pailthorpe, B.A., Wang, Z.H., Kravtchinskaia, E., Segal, D., Lukins, P.B., Swift, P.D., Martin, P.J., Amaratunga, G., Gaskell, P.H., and Saeed, A., Diamond & Related Materials 1 (1991) p. 51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Niu, C., Lu, Y.Z., and Lieber, C.M., Science 261 (1993) p. 334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Lifshitz, Y., Kasi, S.R., and Rabalais, J.W., Phys. Rev. Lett. 62 (1989) p. 1290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Tamor, M.A., Vassel, W.C., and Carduner, K.R., Appl. Phys. Lett. 58 (1991) p. 592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Koponen, I., Harovrta, M., and Lappalainen, R., J. Appl. Phys. 78 (9) (1995) p. 5837.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Keudell, A.V. and Müller, W., J. Appl. Phys. 75 (1994) p. 7718.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Neuville, S., Taggliaferro, A., Bounouh, Y., Vallon, S., Etemadi, R., and Perrin, J., Le Vide, Science, Technique and Applications 275 (CIP Antibes 95, 1995) p. 64.Google Scholar
19.Oguri, K. and Arai, T., J. Mater. Res. 55 (1990) p. 2567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Shriver, D.F., Atkins, P.W., and Langford, C.H., Inorganic Chemistry (Oxford University Press, New York, 1989) p. 337.Google Scholar
21.Liu, A.Y. and Cohen, M.L., Phys. Rev. B 41 (1990) p. 10727.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Marton, D., Boyd, K.J., and Rabalais, J.W., Int. J. Modern Phys. D 9 (1995) p. 3527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Schneider, J.J., Angw. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 35 (1996) p. 1068.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Neuville, S., PhD dissertation, École Polytechnique, 1996.Google Scholar
25.Bounouh, Y., Chaded, L., Sadki, A., Theye, M.L., Cardinaud, C., Zarrabian, M., Bardleben, J.v., Zellama, K., Cernogora, J., and Fave, J.L., Diamond & Related Materials 4 (1995) p. 492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Gouzman, I., Brener, R., and Hofman, A., Surf. Science 331 (1995) p. 283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Torng, C.J., Sivertsen, J.M., Judy, J.H., and Chang, C., J. Mater. Res. 5 (1990) p. 2490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Demichlis, F., Pirri, C.F., and Taggliaferro, A., Phys. Rev. B 45 (1992) p. 14364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Holmberg, K. and Matthews, A., Thin Solid Films 253 (1994) p. 173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Ollivier, B. and Matthews, A., J. Adhesion Sci. Technol. 9 (1995) p. 725.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Voevodin, A.A., Bantle, R., and Matthews, A., Wear 185 (1995) p. 151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Voevodin, A.A., Schneider, J.M., Rebholz, C., and Matthews, A., Tribology Int. 29 (1996) p. 559.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.Matthews, A. and Eskildsen, S.S., Diamond & Related Materials 3 (1994) p. 902.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Ababou, A., Carrière, B., Goezt, G., Guille, J., Marcus, B., Mermoux, M., Mosser, A., Roméo, M., and Le Normand, F., Diamond & Related Materials 1 (1992) p. 875.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Dischler, B., Bubenzer, D., and Koidl, P., Appl. Phys. Lett. 42 (1983) p. 430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36.Angus, J.C. and Hayman, C.C., Science 241 (1988) p. 913.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37.Gaskell, P.H., Saeed, A., Chieux, P.C., and McKenzie, D.R., Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 (1991) p. 773.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38.Polo, M.C., Aguiar, R., Serra, P., Varela, M., and Esteve, J., Appl. Surf. Sci. 96–98 (1996) p. 870.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39.Koidl, P., Wild, C., Lacher, R., and Sah, R.F., in Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon Films in Diamond and Diamond Like Films and Coalings, edited by Clausing, R.E., Horton, L.L., Angus, J.C., and Koidl, P. (Plenum Press, New York, 1991).Google Scholar
40.Cho, N.H., Krishnan, K.M., Vries, D.K., Rubin, M.D., Hopper, C.B., Brushnan, B., and Bogy, D.B., J. Mater. Sci. 5 (1990) p. 2543.Google Scholar