Hostname: page-component-f554764f5-nwwvg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-19T04:05:41.913Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Design and Properties of Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Nanocomposites for Photonics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Clément Sanchez  and
Bénédicte Lebeau
Get access

Extract

The possibility of combining the properties of organic and inorganic components in a unique composite material is an old challenge that dates to the beginning of the industrial era. Some of the earliest and most well-known organic–inorganic representatives are derived from the paint and polymer industries, where inorganic pigments or fillers are dispersed in organic components such as solvents, surfactants, and polymers to yield or improve optical and mechanical properties.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 26 , Issue 5: Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Materials , May 2001 , pp. 377 - 387
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

1. Livage, J.Henry, M. and Sanchez, C.Prog. Solid State Chem. 18 (1988) p.259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Brinker, C.J. and Scherrer, G.W.Sol-Gel Science, The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing (Academic Press, San Diego, 1990).Google Scholar
3. Schmidt, H.Kaiser, A.Patzelt, H. and Sholze, H., J. Phys. (Paris) 12 (43) (1982) p. 275; D., Avnir, D., Levy and R., Reisfeld J.Phys. Chem. 88 (1984) p.5956.Google Scholar
4. Chujo, Y. and Saegusa, T.Adv. Polym. Sci. 100 (1992) p.11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Novak, B.M.Adv. Mater. 5 (1993) p.422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Sanchez, C. and Ribot, F.New J. Chem. 18 (1994) p.1007.Google Scholar
7. Schubert, U.Hüsing, N., and Lorenz, A.Chem. Mater. 7 (1995) p.2010; D.A., Loy, and K.J., Shea, Chem. Rev. 95 (1995) p.1431; P. Judenstein and C., Sanchez, J. Mater. Chem. 6 (1996) p. 511; R.J.P., Corriu, Compte Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris), Tome 1, Sér., II, 1 (1998) p.83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Ribot, F. and Sanchez, C.Comments Inorg. Chem. 20 (4-6) (1999) p.327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Sanchez, C.Ribot, F. and Lebeau, B.J. Mater. Chem. 9 (1999) p.35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Coltrain, B.K.Sanchez, C.Schaefer, D.W. and Wilkes, G.L. eds., Better Ceramics Through Chemistry VI: Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 435, Pittsburgh, 1996); R.M., Laine, C., Sanchez, C.J., Brinker, and E., Giannelis, eds., Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 519, Pittsburgh, 1998); L.C., Klein, L.F., Francis, M.R. De Guire, and J.E., Mark, eds., Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials II (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 576, Warrendale, PA, 1999); R.M., Laine, C., Sanchez, E., Giannelis, and C.J., Brinker, eds., Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials—2000 (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 628, Warrendale, PA, 2001).Google Scholar
11. Mackenzie, J.D. and Ulrich, D.R. eds., Proc. SPIE Sol-Gel Optics I, Vol. 1328 (SPIE—The International Society of Optical Engineering, Bellingham, WA, 1990); J.D., Mackenzie, ed., Proc. SPIE Sol-Gel Optics II, Vol. 1758 (SPIE—The International Society of Optical Engineering, Bellingham, WA, 1992); J.D., Mackenzie, ed., Proc. SPIE Sol-Gel Optics III, Vol. 2288 (SPIE—The International Society of Optical Engineering, Bellingham, WA, 1994); J.D., Mackenzie, ed., Proc. SPIE Sol-Gel Optics IV, Vol. 3136 (SPIE—The International Society of Optical Engineering, Bellingham, WA, 1997); L. Hubert and S.I., Najafi, eds., Proc. SPIE Organic-Inorganic Hybrids for Photonics, Vol. 3469 (SPIE—The International Society of Optical Engineering, Bellingham, WA, 1998); B.S., Dunn, E.J.A., Pope, H.K., Schmidt, and M., Yamane, eds., Proc. SPIE Sol-Gel Optics V, Vol. 3943 (SPIE—The International Society of Optical Engineering, Belling-ham, WA, 2000); J.E., Mark, C.Y.C., Lee, and P.A., Bianconi, eds., Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Composites (American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1995); B., Dunn, and J.I., Zink, J. Mater. Chem. 1 (6)(1991) p.903.Google Scholar
12. Lebeau, B. and Sanchez, C.Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 4 (1)(1999) p.11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13. Boilot, J.-P.Chaput, F.Gacoin, T.Malier, L.Canva, M.Brun, A.Lévy, Y., and Galaup, J.-P.Compte Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 322 (1996) p. 27; D., Avnir, S., Braun, O., Lev, D., Levy and M., Ottolenghi in Sol-Gel Optics, Processing, and Applications, edited by L.C., Klein (Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 1994) p.5815. 14. J.Livage, Compte Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 322 (1996) p.417.Google Scholar
15. Avnir, D.Acc. Chem. Res. 28 (1995) p.328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Faloss, M.Canva, M.Georges, P.Brun, A.Chaput, F. and Boilot, J.-P.Appl. Opt. 36 (27) (1997) p.6760.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Schaudel, B.Guermeur, C.Sanchez, C.Nakatani, K. and Delaire, J.J. Mater. Chem. 7 (1) (1997) p.61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Lebeau, B.Sanchez, C.Brasselet, S. and Zyss, J., Chem. Mater. 9 (1997) p.1012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. Rottman, C.Grader, G.DeHazan, Y.Melchior, S. and Avnir, D.J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 (1999) p.8533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20. Dantas de Morais, T., Chaput, F.Boilot, J.-P.Lahlil, K.Darracq, B. and Lévy, Y., Adv. Mater. 11 (1999) p.107.3.0.CO;2-J>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21. Itou, T. and Matsuda, H.Key Eng. Mater. 67 (1998) p.150.Google Scholar
22. Schottner, G.Kron, J. and Deichmann, K.J.Sol.-Gel Sci. Technol. 13 (1998) p.183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23. , Aldrich, , Fluka, , Sigma, and , Supelco (Chiral Products Catalog 1997) p. 250; M., Reetz, A., Zonta and J., Simpelkamp Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34 (1995) p.301.Google Scholar
24. Shirakura, A. “Research Laboratory for Packaging,” presented at the 10th International Workshop on Glass and Ceramics, Hybrids and Nanocomposites from Gels, Kirin, Yokohama, September 1999.Google Scholar
25. KerasepTM nanofiltering membranes, produced by Orelis-Rhodia; M., Chatry, M., Henry, C., Sanchez and M., In Patent WO 9305875 (1991).Google Scholar
26. Sanchez, C.Soler-Illia, G.J. de A.A., Ribot, F.Lalot, T.Mayer, C.R. and Cabuil, V. Chem. Mater., special issue on Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Materials (2001) in press.Google Scholar
27. Levy, D. and Avnir, D.J. Phys. Chem. 92 (1988) p.4734.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28. Levy, D.Einhorn, S. and Avnir, D.J. Non-Cryst. Solids 113 (1989) p.137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29. Levy, D.Chem. Mater. 9 (12) (1997) p. 2666.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30. Atassi, Y. PhD dissertation, École Nationale Supérieure de Cachan, France, 1996.Google Scholar
31. Flannery, J.B.J.Am. Chem. Soc. 90 (21) (1968) p.5660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32. Nakazumi, H.Nagashiro, R.Matsumoto, S. and Isagawa, K. in Proc. SPIE Sol-Gel Optics III, Vol. 2288, edited by Mackenzie, J.D. (SPIE—The International Society of Optical Engineering, Bellingham, WA, 1994) p.402.Google Scholar
33. Biteau, J.Chaput, F. and Boilot, J.-P.J. Phys. Chem. 100 (1996) p.9024.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34. Hou, L.Hoffmann, B.Mennig, M. and Schmidt, H.J. Sol.-Gel Sci. Technol. 2 (1994) p. 635.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35. Hou, L.Mennig, M. and Schmidt, H. in Proc. Eurogel '92, edited by Vilminot, S.Nass, R. and Schmidt, H. (Sarrebrucken, Weilerbach, Germany, 1992) p. 173.Google Scholar
36. McArdle, C.B. ed., Applied Photochromic Polymer Systems (Blackie/Chapman & Hall, New York, 1991).Google Scholar
37. Imai, Y.Adachi, K.Naka, K. and Chujo, Y.Polym. Bull. 44 (2000) p.9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38. Sahut, B. >Rene, M. and Sanchez, C. Patent No.9907762 (1999) C 90K 9/02.Rene,+M.+and+Sanchez,+C.+Patent+No.9907762+(1999)+C+90K+9/02.>Google Scholar
39. Wirnsberger, G.Scott, B.J.Chmelka, B.F. and Stucky, G.D.Adv. Mater. 12 (19) (2000) p.1450.3.0.CO;2-4>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40. Mennig, M.Fries, K. and Schmidt, H. in Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials II, edited by Klein, L.C.Francis, L.F.Guire, M.R. De, and Mark, J.E. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 576, Warrendale, PA, 1999) p.409.Google Scholar
41. Nakao, R.Ueda, N.Abe, Y.S.Horii, T. and Inoue, H.Polym. Adv. Technol. 7 (11) (1996) p.863.3.0.CO;2-T>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42. Hou, L. and Schmidt, H.J. Mater. Sci. 31 (1996) p.3427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43. Zelichenok, A.Buchholtz, F.Yitzchaik, S.Ratner, J., Safro, M. and Krongauz, V.Macromolecules 25 (1992) p.3179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
44. Kwak, W.S. and Crano, J.C.PPG Technol. J. 2 (1)(1996) p.45.Google Scholar
45. Hou, L.Mennig, M. and Schmidt, H. in Proc. SPIE Sol-Gel Optics III, Vol.2288, edited by Mackenzie, J.D. (SPIE—The International Society of Optical Engineering, Bellingham, WA, 1994) p.328; L., Hou, B., Hoffmann, H., Schmidt and M., Mennig J. Sol.-Gel Sci. Technol. 8 (1-3) (1997) p.923; L., Hou, H., Schmidt, B., Hoffmann and M., Mennig J. Sol.-Gel Sci. Technol. 8 (1-3) (1997) p.927.Google Scholar
46. Biteau, J.Chaput, F.Yokoyama, Y. and Boilot, J.-P.Chem. Lett. 4 (1998) p.359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
47. Sanchez, C.Lafuma, A.Rozes, L.Nakatani, K.Delaire, J.A.Cordoncillo, E.Viana, B. and Escribano, P. in Proc. SPIE Organic-Inorganic Hybrids for Photonics, Vol. 3469, edited by Hubert, L. and Najafi, S.I. (SPIE—The International Society of Optical Engineering, Bellingham, WA, 1998) p.192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48. Biteau, J.Chaput, F.Lahlil, K.Boilot, J.-P.Tsivgoulis, G.M.Lehn, J.-M.Darracq, B.Marois, C. and Lévy, Y., Chem. Mater. 10 (1998) p.1945.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
49. Chaput, F.Biteau, J., Lahlil, K.Boilot, J.-P.Darracq, B.Lévy, Y., Peretti, J.Savarov, V.I.Parent, G.Fernandez-Acebes, A., and Lehn, J.-M.Mol. Liq. Cryst. 344 (2000) p.27.Google Scholar
50. Peretti, J., J type="authors">Biteau, ., Boilot, J.-P.Chaput, F.Savarov, V.I.Lehn, J.-M. and Fernandez-Acebes, A., Appl. Phys. Lett. 74 (1999) p.1657.CrossRefBiteau,+.,+Boilot,+J.-P.Chaput,+F.Savarov,+V.I.Lehn,+J.-M.+and+Fernandez-Acebes,+A.,+Appl.+Phys.+Lett.74+(1999)+p.1657.>Google Scholar
51. Kumar, G. and Neckers, D.Chem. Rev. 89 (1989) p.1915.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
52. Blasse, G. and Grabmaier, B.C. eds., Luminescent Materials (Springer, Berlin, 1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
53. Eijk, C.W.E. van, Andriessen, J., Dorenbos, P. and Visser, R.Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 348 (1994) p.546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
54. Stone, B.T. and Bray, K.L. in Better Ceramics Through Chemistry VII: Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials, edited by Coltrain, B.K.Sanchez, C.Schaefer, D.W. and Wilkes, G.L. (Mater Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 435, Pittsburgh, 1996) p.617.Google Scholar
55. Costa, V.C.Stone, B.T. and Bray, K.L. in Better Ceramics Through Chemistry VII: Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials, edited by Coltrain, B.K.Sanchez, C.Schaefer, D.W. and Wilkes, G.L. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 435, Pittsburgh, 1996) p.443.Google Scholar
56. Koslova, N.I.Viana, B. and Sanchez, C.J.Mater. Chem. 3 (1)(1993) p.111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
57. Viana, B.Koslova, N.Aschehoug, P. and Sanchez, C.J.Mater. Chem. 5 (5)(1995) p.719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
58. Viana, B.Cordoncillo, E.Philippe, C.Sanchez, C.Guaita, F.J. and Escribano, P. in Proc. SPIE Sol-Gel Optics V, Vol. 3943, edited by Dunn, B.S.Pope, E.J.A.Schmidt, H.K. and Yamane, M. (SPIE—The International Society of Optical Engineering, Bellingham, WA, 2000) p.128.Google Scholar
59. Etienne, P.Coudray, P.Porque, J. and Moreau, Y.Opt. Commun. 174 (5-6) (2000) p. 413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
60. Yuh, S.K.Bescher, E.P. and Mackenzie, J.D. in Proc. SPIE Sol-Gel Optics III, Vol. 2288, edited by Mackenzie, J.D. (SPIE—The International Society of Optical Engineering, Bellingham, WA, 1994) p.248.Google Scholar
61. Lessard, R.B.Berglund, K.A. and Nocera, D.G. in Processing Science of Advanced Ceramics, edited by Aksay, I.A.McVay, G.L. and Ulrich, D.R. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 155, Pittsburgh, 1989) p.119.Google Scholar
62. Klonkowski, A.M.Lis, S.Hnatejko, Z.Czarnobaj, K.Pietraszkiewicz, M. and Elbanowski, M.J.Alloys Compd. 300 (2000) p.55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
63. Chuai, X.H.Zhang, H.J.Li, F.S.Wang, S.B. and Zhou, G.Z.Mater. Lett. 46 (4) (2000) p. 244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
64. Fu, L.S.Meng, Q.G.Zhang, H.J.Wang, S.B.Yang, K.Y. and Ni, J.Z.J. Phys. Chem. Solids 61 (11) (2000) p.1877.Google Scholar
65. Li, H.H.Inoue, S.Ueda, D.Machida, K. and Adachi, G.Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 73 (1) (2000) p.251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
66. Tanner, P.A.Yan, B. and Zhang, H.J.J.Mater. Sci. 35 (17) (2000) p.4325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
67. Li, H.Inoue, S.Machida, K. and Adachi, G.J.Lumin. 87 (9)(2000) p.1069.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
68. Qian, G.D. and Wang, M.Q.J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 83 (4)(2000) p.703.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
69. Franville, A.C.Zambon, D.Mahiou, R.Chou, S.Troin, Y. and Cousseins, J.C.J. Alloys Compd. 275–277 (1998) p.831.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
70. Franville, A.C.Zambon, D.Mahiou, R. and Troin, Y.Chem. Mater. 12 (2)(2000) p.428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
71. Dong, D.W.Jiang, S.C.Men, Y.F.Ji, X.L. and Jiang, B.Z.Adv. Mater. 12 (9)(2000) p.646.3.0.CO;2-W>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
72. Que, W.X.Zhou, Y.Lam, Y.L.Chan, Y.C.Kam, C.H.Gan, L.H. and Deen, G.R.J.Electron. Mater. 30 (1)(2001) p.6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
73. Nie, W.Dunn, B.Sanchez, C. and Griesmar, P. in Better Ceramics Through Chemistry V, edited by Hampden-Smith, M.J., Klemperer, W.G. and Brinker, C.J. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 271, Pittsburgh, 1992) p.639.Google Scholar
74. Isakawi, M.Kuraki, J. and Ito, S.J. Sol.-Gel Sci. Technol. 13 (1998) p.587.Google Scholar
75. Cordoncillo, E.Viana, B.Escribano, P. and Sanchez, C.J.Mater. Chem. 8 (3)(1998) p.507.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
76. Cordoncillo, E.Carda, J.Beltran, H.Guaita, F.J.Barrio, A.Escribano, P.Viana, B. and Sanchez, C.Bol. Soc. Esp. Ceram. Vidrio 39 (1)(2000) p.95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
77. Cordoncillo, E.Guaita, F.J.Escribano, P.Philippe, C.Viana, B. and Sanchez, C. Opt. Mater. (2001) in press.Google Scholar
78. Tang, C.W. and Vanslyke, S.A.Appl. Phys. Rev. 51 (1987) p.913.Google Scholar
79. Morais, T. Dantas de, Chaput, F.Boilot, J.-P.Lahlil, K.Darracq, B. and Lévy, Y., Compte Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris), Tome 1, Sér. IV (2000) p. 479.Google Scholar
80. Morais, T. Dantas de, Chaput, F.Boilot, J.-P.Lahlil, K.Darracq, B. and Lévy, Y., Adv. Mater. Opt. Electron. 10 (2000) p.69.3.0.CO;2-I>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
81. Kärkkäinen, A.H., Hormi, O.E.O. and Rantala, J.T. in Proc. SPIE Sol-Gel Optics V, Vol.3943, edited by Dunn, B.S.Pope, E.J.A.Schmidt, H.K. and Yamane, M. (SPIE—The International Society of Optical Engineering, Bellingham, WA, 2000) p.194.Google Scholar
82. Zusman, R.Rottman, C.Ottolenghi, M. and Avnir, D.J. Non-Cryst. Solids 122 (1990) p. 107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
83. Dave, B.C.Dunn, B.Valentine, J.S. and Zink, J.I.Anal. Chem. 66 (22) (1994) p.1120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
84. Lev, O.Tsionsky, M.Rabinovich, L.Glezer, V.Sampath, S.Pankratov, I. and Gun, J., Anal. Chem. 67 (1995) p.22A.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
85. Collinson, M.M.Mikrochim. Acta 129 (1998) p.149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
86. Ben-David, O., Shafir, E.Gilah, I.Prior, Y. and Avnir, D.Chem. Mater. 9 (1997) p.2255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
87. Shabat, D.Grynszpan, F.Saphier, S.Turniansky, A.Avnir, D. and Keinan, E.Chem. Mater. 9 (1997) p.2258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
88. Gojon, C.Duréault, B., Hovnanian, N. and Guizard, C.J. Sol.-Gel Sci. Technol. 14 (1999) p.163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
89. Dickert, F.L.Geiger, U.Lieberzeit, P. and Reutner, U.Sens. Actuators B 70 (2000) p. 263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
90. Rottman, C. and Avnir, D. in Proc. SPIE Sol-Gel Optics V, Vol.3943, edited by Dunn, B.S.Pope, E.J.A.Schimdt, H.K. and Yamane, M. (SPIE—The International Society of Optical Engineering, Bellingham, WA, 2000) p.154.Google Scholar
91. Gardener, M. and Perry, C.C. in Proc. SPIE Sol-Gel Optics V, Vol.3943, edited by Dunn, B.S.Pope, E.J.A.Schimdt, H.K. and Yamane, M. (SPIE—The International Society of Optical Engineering, Bellingham, WA, 2000) p.249.Google Scholar
92. Yanagi, H.Endo, M. and Hayama, Y.J.Sol.-Gel Sci. Technol. 19 (2000) p.765.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
93. Takahashi, Y.Maeda, A.Kojima, K. and Uchida, K.Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 2: Lett. 39 (3AB) (2000) p.L218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
94. Chan, M.A.Lawless, J.L.Lam, S.K. and Lo, D.Anal. Chim. Acta 408 (1-2) (2000) p.33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
95. Lin, J. and Liu, D.Anal. Chim. Acta 408 (1-2) (2000) p.49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
96. Malins, C.Niggemann, M. and MacCraith, B.D.Meas. Sci. Technol. 11 (8)(2000) p.1105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
97. Malins, C.Glever, H.G.Keyes, T.E.Vos, J.G.Dressick, W.J. and MacCraith, B.D.Sens. Actuators B 67 (1-2) (2000) p.89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
98. Lam, M.H.W.Lee, D.Y.K.Man, K.W. and Lau, C.S.W.J.Mater. Chem. 10 (8)(2000) p.1825.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
99. Grant, S.A.Satcher, J.H. and Bettencourt, K.Sens. Actuators B 69 (1-2) (2000) p.132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
100. Braun, S.Rappoport, S.Zusman, R.Avnir, D. and Ottolenghi, M.Mater. Lett. 10 (1990) p.1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
101. Ellerby, L.M.Nishida, C.R.Nishida, F.Yamanaka, S.A.Dunn, B.Valentine, J. Solverstone, and Zink, J.I.Science 255 (1992) p.1113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
102. Lan, E.H.Dunn, B. and Zink, J.I. in Proc. SPIE Sol-Gel Optics V, Vol. 3943, edited by Dunn, B.S.Pope, E.J.A.Schimdt, H.K. and Yamane, M. (SPIE—The International Society of Optical Engineering, Bellingham, WA, 2000) p.163.Google Scholar
103. Wolfbeis, O.S.Oehme, I.Papkovskaya, N. and Klimant, I.Biosens. Bioelectron. 15 (1-2) (2000) p.69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
104. Li, Q.W.Luo, G.A.Wang, Y.M. and Zhang, X.R.Mater. Sci. Eng. C Biomimetic Supramol. Sys. 11 (1)(2000) p.67.Google Scholar
105. Wang, K.M.Li, J., Yang, X.H.Shen, F.L. and Wang, X.Sens. Actuators B 65 (1-3) (2000) p.239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
106. Li, J.Wang, K.M.Xiao, D. and Yang, X.H.Chem. J.Chinese Univ-Chinese 21 (7)(2000) p.1018.Google Scholar
107. Bharathi, S. and Lev, O.Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 89 (2-3) (2000) p.209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
108. Lavin, P.McDonagh, C.M. and MacCraith, B.D.J. Sol.-Gel. Sci. Technol. 13 (1998) p.641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
109. McDonagh, C.M.Shields, A.M.McEvoy, A.K.MacCraith, B.D. and Gouin, J.F.J.Sol.-Gel Sci. Technol. 13 (1998) p.207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
110. Malins, C.Butler, T.M. and MacCraith, B.D.Thin Solid Films 368 (1)(2000) p.105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
111. Malins, C.Fanni, S.Glever, H.G.Vos, J.G. and MacCraith, B.D.Anal. Commun. 36 (1999) p.3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
112. Tran-Thi, T.-H., Calvo-Muñoz, M.-L., Bourgoin, J.-P.Roux, C.Ayal, A. and El-Mansouri, A., in PRA Proc. Organic-Inorganic Hybrids, paper No. 8 (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2000).Google Scholar
113. Kinski, I.Gies, H. and Marlow, F.Zeolites 19 (1997) p.375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
114. Fowler, C.E.Lebeau, B. and Mann, S. Chem. Commun. (1998) p.1825.Google Scholar
115. Brinker, C.J.Lu, Y.Sellinger, A. and Fan, H.Adv. Mater. 11 (1999) p.579.3.0.CO;2-R>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
116. Lebeau, B.Fowler, C.E.Hall, S.R. and Mann, S.J.Mater. Chem. 9 (10) (1999) p.2279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
117. Marlow, F.McGehee, M.D.Zhao, D.Chmelka, B.F. and Stucky, G.Adv. Mater. 11 (8) (1999) p.632.3.0.CO;2-Q>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
118. Ganschow, M.Wark, M.Whörle, D., and Schul-Ekloff, G., Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 39 (2000) p.161.3.0.CO;2-V>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
119. Zhou, H.S. and Honma, I.Adv. Mater. 11 (8) (1999) p.683.3.0.CO;2-2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
120. Lebeau, B.Fowler, C.E.Mann, S.Farcet, C.Charleux, B. and Sanchez, C.J. Mater. Chem. 10 (2000) p.2105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
121. Fan, H.Lu, Y.Stump, A.Reed, S.T.Baer, T.Schunk, R.Perez-Luna, V., Lopez, G.P. and Brinker, C.J.Nature 405 (2000) p.56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
122. For review, see Stein, A.Melde, B.J. and Schroden, R.C.Adv. Mater. 12 (19) (2000) p.1403.3.0.CO;2-X>CrossRefGoogle Scholar