Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T09:07:08.024Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Mechanics of Crystalline Nanowires

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Harold S. Park ,
Wei Cai ,
Horacio D. Espinosa  and
Hanchen Huang
Get access

Abstract

Nanowires are among the most exciting one-dimensional nanomaterials because of their unique properties, which result primarily from their chemical composition and large surface area to volume ratio. These properties make them ideal building blocks for the development of next generation electronics, opto-electronics, and sensor systems. In this article, we focus on the unique mechanical properties of nanowires, which emerge from surface atoms having different electron densities and fewer bonding neighbors than atoms lying within the nanowire bulk. In this respect, atomistic simulations have revealed a plethora of novel surface-driven mechanical behavior and properties, including both increases and decreases in elastic stiffness, phase transformations, shape memory, and pseudoelastic effects. This article reviews such atomistic simulations, as well as experimental data of these phenomena, while assessing future challenges and directions.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 34 , Issue 3: Atomistic Simulations of Mechanics of Nanostructures , March 2009 , pp. 178 - 183
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Lieber, C.M., Wang, Z.L., MRS Bull. 32, 99 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2Craighead, H.G., Science 290, 1532 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3Sun, C.Q., Tay, B.K., Zeng, X.T., Li, S., Chen, T.P., Zhou, J., Bai, H.L., Jiang, E.Y., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 14, 7781 (2002).Google Scholar
4Cammarata, R.C., Progr. Surf. Sci. 46, 1 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5Gurtin, M.E., Murdoch, A., Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 57, 291 (1975).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Wan, J., Fan, Y.L., Gong, D.W., Shen, S.G., Fan, X.Q., Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 7, 189 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Zhou, L.G., Huang, H., Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 1940 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Shim, H.W., Zhou, L.G., Huang, H., Cale, T.S., Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 151912 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9Kang, K., Cai, W., Philos. Mag. 87, 2169 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10Agrawal, R., Peng, B., Gdoutos, E., Espinosa, H.D., Nano Lett. 8, 3668 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11Lee, B., Rudd, R.E., Phys. Rev. B 75, 195328 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12Kang, K., Cai, W. (2008), submitted.Google Scholar
13Zhang, L., Huang, H., Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 023115 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Gall, K., Diao, J., Dunn, M.L., Nano Lett. 4, 2431 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15Zhu, T., Li, J., Samanta, A., Leach, A., Gall, K., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 025502 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16Wu, B., Heidelberg, A., Boland, J.J., Nat. Mater. 4, 525 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17Heidelberg, A., Ngo, L.T., Wu, B., Phillips, M.A., Sharma, S., Kamins, T.I., Sader, J.E., Boland, J.J., Nano Lett. 6, 1101 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18Cuenot, S., Frétigny, C., Demoustier-Champagne, S., Nysten, B., Phys. Rev. B 69, 165410 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19Jing, G.Y., Duan, H.L., Sun, X.M., Zhang, Z.S., Xu, J., Li, Y.D., Wang, J.X., Yu, D.P., Phys. Rev. B 73, 235409 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20Petrova, H., Perez-Juste, J., Zhang, Z.Y., Zhang, J., Kosel, T., Hartland, G.V., J. Mater. Chem. 16, 3957 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21Liang, H., Upmanyu, M., Huang, H., Phys. Rev. B 71, 241403(R) (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22Dingreville, R., Qu, J., Cherkaoui, M., J. Mech. Phys. Solids 53, 1827 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23Miller, R.E., Shenoy, V.B., Nanotechnology 11, 139 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24Diao, J., Gall, K., Dunn, M.L., J. Mech. Phys. Solids 52, 1935 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25McDowell, M.T., Leach, A.M., Gall, K., Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 16, 045003 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26Park, H.S., Klein, P.A., J. Mech. Phys. Solids 56, 3144 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27Li, X., Ono, T., Wang, Y., Esashi, M., Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 3081 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28Kizuka, T., Takatani, Y., Asaka, K., Yoshizaki, R., Phys. Rev. B 72, 035333 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29Han, X., Zheng, K., Zhang, Y.F., Zhang, X., Zhang, Z., Wang, Z.L., Adv. Mater. 19, 2112 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30Desai, A.V., Haque, M.A., Sens. Actuators, A 134, 169 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31Paulo, A.S., Bokor, J., Howe, R.T., He, R., Yang, P., Gao, D., Carraro, C., Maboudian, R., Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 053111 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32Tabib-Azar, M., Nassirou, M., Wang, R., Sharma, S., Kamins, T.I., Islam, M.S., Williams, R.S., Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 113102 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33Huang, Y., Bai, X., Zhang, Y., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 18, L179 (2006).Google Scholar
34Wong, E.W., Sheehan, P.E., Lieber, C.M., Science 277, 1971 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35Chen, C.Q., Shi, Y., Zhang, Y.S., Zhu, J., Yan, Y.J., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 075505 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36Lucas, M., Mai, W., Yang, R., Wang, Z.L., Riedo, E., Nano Lett. 7, 1314 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37Bai, X.D., Gao, P.X., Wang, Z.L., Wang, E.G., Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 4806 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38Stan, G., Ciobanu, C.V., Parthangal, P.M., Cook, R.F., Nano Lett. 7, 3691 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39Kulkarni, A.J., Zhou, M., Ke, F.J., Nanotechnology 16, 2749 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40Broughton, J.Q., Meli, C.A., Vashishta, P., Kalia, R.K., Phys. Rev. B 56, 611 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41Cao, G., Chen, X., Phys. Rev. B 76, 165407 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42Zhang, L., Huang, H., Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 183111 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43Agrawal, R., Peng, B., Gdoutos, E., Espinosa, H.D. (2008), submitted.Google Scholar
44Zhu, Y., Espinosa, H.D., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 102, 14503 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
45Zhu, Y., Moldovan, N., Espinosa, H.D., Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 013506 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
46Peng, B., Locascio, M., Zapol, P., Li, S., Mielke, S.L., Schatz, G.C., Espinosa, H.D., Nat. Nanotechnol. 3, 626 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
47Park, H.S., J. Appl. Phys. 103, 123504 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48Li, M., Mayer, T.S., Sioss, J.A., Keating, C.D., Bhiladvala, R.B., Nano Lett. 7, 3281 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
49Park, H.S., Zimmerman, J.A., Phys. Rev. B 72, 054106 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
50Diao, J., Gall, K., Dunn, M.L., Nano Lett. 4, 1863 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
51Park, H.S., Gall, K., Zimmerman, J.A., J. Mech. Phys. Solids 54, 1862 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
52Monk, J., Farkas, D., Philos. Mag. 87, 2233 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
53Mehrez, H., Ciraci, S., Phys. Rev. B 56, 12632 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
54Leach, A.M., McDowell, M., Gall, K., Adv. Funct. Mater. 17, 43 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
55Wang, Z., Zu, X., Yang, L., Gao, F., Weber, W.J., Phys. Rev. B 76, 045310 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
56Koh, A.S.J., Lee, H.P., Nano Lett. 6, 2260 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
57Ji, C., Park, H.S., Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 181916 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
58Hyde, B., Espinosa, H.D., Farkas, D., JOM 57, 62 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
59Cao, A., Wei, Y., Phys. Rev. B 74, 214108 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
60Lin, Y.-C., Pen, D.-J., Nanotechnology 18, 395705 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
61Coura, P.Z., Legoas, S.G., Moreira, A.S., Sato, F., Rodrigues, V., Dantas, S.O., Ugarte, D., Galvao, D.S., Nano Lett. 4, 1187 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
62Menon, M., Srivastava, D., Ponomareva, I., Chernozatonskii, L.A., Phys. Rev. B 70, 125313 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
63Agrait, N., Rubio, G., Vieira, S., Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3995 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
64da Silva, E.Z., da Silva, A.J.R., Fazzio, A., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 256102 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
65Landman, U., Luedtke, W.D., Salisbury, B.E., Whetten, R.L., Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 1362 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
66Liang, W., Zhou, M., Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., C: J. Mech. Eng. Sci. 218, 599 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
67Brandbyge, M., Schiotz, J., Sorensen, M.R., Stoltze, P., Jacobsen, K.W., Norskov, J.K., Olesen, L., Laegsgaard, E., Stensgaard, I., Besenbacher, F., Phys. Rev. B 52, 8499 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
68Sorensen, M.R., Brandbyge, M., Jacobsen, K.W., Phys. Rev. B 57, 3283 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
69Diao, J., Gall, K., Dunn, M.L., Zimmerman, J.A., Acta Mater. 54, 643 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
70Marszalek, P.E., Greenleaf, W.J., Li, H., Oberhauser, A.F., Fernandez, J.M., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 97, 6282 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
71Rodrigues, V., Fuhrer, T., Ugarte, D., Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 4124 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
72Wu, B., Heidelberg, A., Boland, J.J., Sader, J.E., Sun, X., Li, Y., Nano Lett. 6, 468 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
73Wang, J., Huang, H., Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 203112 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
74Afanasyev, K.A., Sansoz, F., Nano Lett. 7, 2056 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
75Zhang, Y., Huang, H., Nanoscale Res. Lett. 4, 34 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
76Diao, J., Gall, K., Dunn, M.L., Nat. Mater. 2, 656 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
77Diao, J., Gall, K., Dunn, M.L., Phys. Rev. B 70, 075413 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
78Liang, W., Zhou, M., Ke, F., Nano Lett. 5, 2039 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
79Park, H.S., Nano Lett. 6, 958 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
80Liang, W., Zhou, M., J. Eng. Mater. Technol. 127, 423 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
81Liang, W., Zhou, M., Phys. Rev. B 73, 115409 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
82Park, H.S., Ji, C., Acta Mater. 54, 2645 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
83Kondo, Y., Takayanagi, K., Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 3455 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
84Kondo, Y., Ru, Q., Takayanagi, K., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 751 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
85Kulkarni, A.J., Zhou, M., Sarasamak, K., Limpijumnong, S., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 105502 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
86Wang, J., Kulkarni, A.J., Sarasamak, K., Limpijumnong, S., Ke, F.J., Zhou, M., Phys. Rev. B 76, 172103 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
87Gao, P.X., Mai, W., Wang, Z.L., Nano Lett. 6, 2536 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
88Gavini, V., Bhattacharya, K., Ortiz, M., J. Mech. Phys. Solids 55, 697 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
89Fago, M., Hayes, R.L., Carter, E.A., Ortiz, M., Phys. Rev. B 70, 100102(R) (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar