Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T04:13:03.009Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Waste Steel Slag and their Influence on the Properties of Cement Blends

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 February 2018

Sunday O. Nwaubani
Sunday O. Nwaubani*
Affiliation:
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Sought Africa.
*
*(Email: [email protected])
Get access

Abstract

The use of waste is rapidly becoming a supra-disciplinary field in most parts of the world where the use of industrial wastes like fly ash, granulated steel slag, silica fume, and waste fibers in construction has become very popular since the last half of the 20th century. Other forms of industrial wastes are also re-used even for more sensitive applications on soils to upgrade soil texture. For example, waste from bauxite refining (red mud) is known to be extensively re-utilised. These concepts are yet to take tangible hold in Africa, despite the huge resources available. Electric-Arc Furnace Steel slag is a major waste product from the steel industry involving the melting of scrap to make steel in an electric arc furnace. Use of such waste materials in construction alleviates the huge environmental pollution problem which often exists in areas where they are produced and/or dumped. Currently, the material is mainly used in construction works as unbound aggregate for asphalt concrete pavements, or as road base in many countries. However, it consists predominantly of oxides and silicates of magnesium, calcium, aluminium, iron and thus can be used as substitute for cement. This paper compares the effect of utilising this type of Steel slag and Granulated Blast Furness Slag, as partial replacement for Portland cement. The influence of the physical and chemical characteristics of the two materials on the setting time, compressive strength, total porosity and pore-size distribution of cement pastes have been evaluated. For the experimental conditions studied, the result reveal adequate properties for high levels of replacement but suggests that superior qualities, compared with Portland cement concrete is possible only if replacement levels do not exceed about 10%.

Keywords

cement & ampconcreteporositysustainabilitymicrostructure
Type
Articles
Information
MRS Advances , Volume 3 , Issue 34-35: African Materials Research Society 2017 , 2018 , pp. 2027 - 2040
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Dvorkin, L., Nwaubani, S. and Dvorkin, O. “Construction Materials” ISBN: 9781617286933 (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.), USA, 2011.Google Scholar
Nwaubani, S. “Hydration Kinetics, Pore characteristics and Chloride Ion Diffusivity of Blended Cements” Int. Journal of Civil Engineering, Volume 12-Number 3, (Transaction A: Civil Engineering September 9–2014), ISBN: 1735-0522, P. 354-362, 2014.Google Scholar
Libyan Iron and Steel Company. ‘Technical Specification of Products’. Quality Control Department, Musrata, Libya, 1998.Google Scholar
Libyan Ministry of Manufacture. ‘Proposed Plan to Improve the Manufacture of Construction Materials During the Period 1993 to 2000’. Industrial ResearchCentre, 1993.Google Scholar
Moosberg-Bustnes, H., Lind, L. and Forssberg, E. ‘Fine particulate metallurgical by-products’ influence on cement hydration and strength development: an initial study’, Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy 33(1), pp15–21, 2004.Google Scholar
Shi, Caijun, ‘Steel Slag—Its Production, Processing, Characteristics, and Cementitious Properties’, J.Mat. in Civ. Engr., Volume 16, Issue 3, pp. 230–236, 2004.Google Scholar
Manso, J. M., Polanco, J. A., Losañez, M. and González, J.J. ‘Durability of concrete made with EAF slag as aggregate’ Cement and Concrete Composites, Volume 28, Issue 6, pp 528–534, 2006.Google Scholar
Brunauer, S., Emmett, P.H., and Teller, E. “Adsorption of gasses in multimolecular layers”. J. Am. Chem. Soc.., 60(2):309–319, 1938.Google Scholar
Neville, A. M. ‘Properties of Concrete Fourth Edition’. Longman, 1995.Google Scholar
Monshi, A. and Asgarami, M.K. “Producing Portland Cement for Iron, Steel Slag and Limestone. Cement and Concrete Research, 29(9), 1373 – 1377, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, X., Zhu, H., Hou, X., Li, H. “Study on steel slag and fly ash composite Portland cement”. Cem. Concr. Res. 29:1103–1106, 1999.Google Scholar
BS EN 196: Part 3. ‘Methods of testing cement: Determination of setting time and soundness’. 1995.Google Scholar
Micromeritics, ‘Operator’s manual for mercury porosimeter model AutoPore II9220’. Version 3.03 Software, 1993.Google Scholar
ACI committee 266 1R-87, ‘Ground granulated blast-furnace slag as a cementitious constituent in concrete, 1987.Google Scholar
Concrete Society, ‘The Use of GGBS and PFA in Concrete’. Technical Report No. 40, pp. 142, 1991.Google Scholar
Wainwright, P.J.‘Blended cement-the use of GGBS and PFA in Concrete ’.Department of Civil Engineering. University of Leeds, 1991.Google Scholar
Mehta, P. K. and Monmohan, D. (1980), ‘Pore size distribution and permeability of hardened cement paste’. In Proceedings, 7th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement. Paris. Vol. III, pp VII- 1–5, 1980.Google Scholar
Nwaubani, S.O. ‘Properties, Hydration and Durability of Pozzolanic. Mortars and Concretes’ PhD Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, 1990.Google Scholar
Nwaubani, S.O. and Muntasser, T. Z. (2012) “Hydration characteristics of cement pastes incorporating electric arc-furnace slag” Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction[3(11), pp.291–300. ISSN 2141-2634]Google Scholar
Muntasser, T. Z., ‘Properties and durability of slag based cement in the Mediterranean environment’. PhD Thesis. Department of Engineering. University of Surrey, 2002.Google Scholar