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Solution-processed Nanocrystal Based Thin Films as Hole Transport Materials in Cadmium Telluride Photovoltaics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2018

Ebin Bastola ,
Kamala Khanal Subedi ,
Khagendra P. Bhandari  and
Randy J. Ellingson
Ebin Bastola*
Affiliation:
Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization (PVIC), Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio43606, USA
Kamala Khanal Subedi
Affiliation:
Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization (PVIC), Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio43606, USA
Khagendra P. Bhandari
Affiliation:
Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization (PVIC), Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio43606, USA
Randy J. Ellingson
Affiliation:
Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization (PVIC), Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio43606, USA
*
*(Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

The cadmium telluride (CdTe) photovoltaic (PV) comprise an efficient and cost-effective technology for harvesting solar energy. However, device efficiency remains limited in part by low-open circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF) due to inefficient transport of photo-generated charge carriers. Given the deep valence band of CdTe, the use of copper/gold (Cu/Au) as a back contact serves primarily to narrow the width of the inherent Schottky junction evident in CdTe solar cells (in our laboratory, Cu/Au has been used as a standard back contact). For efficient transport of carriers to and into the back contact, a hole transport layer (HTL) is desired with valence band edge comparable to that of CdTe (∼ -5.9 eV). Here, we report solution-processed nanocrystal (NCs) based thin films as HTLs in CdTe solar cells. The earth abundant materials we discuss include iron pyrite (FeS2), nickel-alloyed iron pyrite (NixFe1-xS2), zinc copper sulfide (ZnxCu1-xS) nanocomposites, and perovskite-based films. The FeS2 and NixFe1-xS2 NCs are synthesized by a hot-injection route, and thin films are fabricated by drop-casting, and spin-coating techniques using colloidal NCs. ZnxCu1-xS thin films are fabricated by chemical bath deposition. These NC-based thin films are applied and studied as the HTLs in CdTe devices. On using these materials, the device performance can be increased up to 10% compared to the standard Cu/Au back contact. Here, we discuss the benefits, challenges, and opportunities for these back contact materials in CdTe photovoltaics.

Keywords

energy generationnanostructuredeviceschemical synthesissemiconducting
Type
Articles
Information
MRS Advances , Volume 3 , Issue 41: Nanomaterials , 2018 , pp. 2441 - 2447
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2018 

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