Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T09:02:33.641Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Foreign rule? Transnational, national, and local perspectives on Venice and Venetia within the ‘multinational’ empire

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 January 2016

David Laven  and
Laura Parker
David Laven
Affiliation:
Department of History, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The history of the Habsburg Empire in the post-Napoleonic era is frequently approached from the perspective of its various component nationalities. These were traditionally portrayed in the historiography as engaged in more-or-less open struggle with control from Vienna. This article argues that the over-privileging of such national categories can distort the picture. By looking at a number of case studies – the naming of Lombardy-Venetia, the Biblioteca italiana, the Panteon veneto – the relationship between Venice (and its Terraferma) and Habsburg rule during the second Austrian domination is examined. It will be argued that it is more profitable to see Venetian identities (municipal, local, Italian, and as part of a wider transnational European culture) as capable of working for as well as against the empire, and that Habsburg policy was as often concerned with managing potential local rivalries (notably between Lombards and Venetians) as with controlling a perceived Italian threat. It is also suggested that, while cultivation of local identity was often used to reinforce the national, the Austrian authorities were also happy to annex both to further imperial interests.

Keywords

VeniceLombardy-VenetiaAustriaidentitynationality
Type
Articles
Information
Modern Italy , Volume 19 , Issue 1: The Italian Risorgimento: transnational perspectives , February 2014 , pp. 5 - 19
Copyright
Copyright © Association for the study of Modern Italy 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aguzzi-Barbagli, D. 1961. “Importanza politico letteraria dei primi manifesto romantici italiani” Italica 38(3):152–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armani, G. 1997. Carlo Cattaneo. Il padre del federalismo italiano. Milan: Garzanti.Google Scholar
Barsottini, G. 1856. L'inaugurazione delle xxviii statue di illustri Toscani nel portico degli Uffizi in Firenze. Florence: Calasanziani.Google Scholar
Béranger, J. 1990. Histoire de l'Empire des Habsbourg: 1273–1918. Paris: Fayard.Google Scholar
Béranger, J. 1994. L'Autriche-Hongrie: 1815–1918. Paris: Armand Colin.Google Scholar
Berengo, M. 1971. “Le origini del Lombardo-Veneto” Rivista storica italiana 83:525–544.Google Scholar
Berti, G. 1989. Censura e circolazione delle idee nel Veneto della restaurazione. Padua: Deputazione di storia patria per le Venezie.Google Scholar
Bizzocchi, R. 1979. “La Biblioteca Italiana” e la cultura della Restaurazione (1816–1825). Milan: Franco Angeli.Google Scholar
Bonannini, A. 1995. “Il Panteon veneto di palazzo ducale: Un episodio del Risorgimento” Archivio Veneto 180(144):99–137.Google Scholar
Bonannini, A. 1996. “Cenni sul Pantheon veneto di Palazzo Ducale” Venezia Arti 10:85–94.Google Scholar
Bonazza, S. 2004. “La ricezione di Niccolò Tommaseo in Croazia e in Serbia.” In Niccolò Tommaseo dagli anni giovanili al “secondo esilio”, edited by Allegri, M., 187–205. Atti Att. Rov. Agiati. a. 254. Series 8. Vol. 4/2. Rovereto: Centro di Ricerche Storiche di Rovigno.Google Scholar
Bonazza, S. 2008. “Niccolò Tommaseo e la letteratura serba.” In Vol. 1 of Nel mondo degli slavi. Incontri e dialoghi tra culture. Studi in onore di Giovanna Brogi Bercoff, edited by de Salvo, M., Moracci, G., and Siedina, G., 57–66. Florence: Firenze University Press.Google Scholar
Calvi, G. 1839. Il congresso di Pisa. Lettere. Milan: Stella.Google Scholar
Capellini, L. 2001. Il Prato della Valle. Turin: Umberto Allemandi.Google Scholar
Casalena, M. P. 2007. “The congresses of the Italian scientists between Europe and the Risorgimento (1839–75)” Journal of Modern Italian Studies 12(2):153–188.Google Scholar
Correr, G., Sagredo, A., Pasini, L., Priuli, N., and Carrer, L., eds. 1847. Venezia e le sue lagune. 2 Vols. Venice: Antonelli.Google Scholar
Czoernig, C. von. 1858. Österreichs Neugestaltung, 1848–58. Stuttgart: J.G. Cotta. (Also Czörnig, Karl von. 1857. Oesterreich's Neugestaltung. 1848–1857: als Manuskript abgedr. aus der Ethnographie der oesterreichischen Monarchie. Vienna: Staatsdruckerei.).Google Scholar
De Vivo, F. 2007. Information and Communication in Venice. Rethinking Early Modern Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Del Negro, P. 2002. “Il 1848 e dopo.” In Vol. 1 of Storia di Venezia: L'ottocento e il novecento, edited by Isnenghi, M., and Woolf, S., 107–186. Rome: Treccani.Google Scholar
Diario della sesta riunione degli scienziati italiani convocati in Milano nel settembre 1844. 1844. Milan: Luigi di Giacomo Pirolà.Google Scholar
Dömök, C. 2010. Nationalitätenfrage und Verfassungsgeschichte in Österreich zwischen 1848–1867. Österreich und der Föderalismus. Berlin: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag.Google Scholar
Evans, R. J. W. 2009. “Communicating Empire: the Habsburgs and their critics, 1700–1919” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 19:117–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fellner, F. 1994. “Heinrich Ritter von Srbik (1878–1951).” In Paths of Continuity: Central European Historiography from the 1930s to the 1950s, edited by Lehmann, H., and Van Horn Melton, J., 171–186. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fischhof, A. 1866. Ein Blick auf Österreichs Lage. Vienna: Wallishaußer.Google Scholar
Fischhof, A. 1868. Zur Erweiterung der Munizipal Autonomie. Vienna: Wallishaußer.Google Scholar
Fischhof, A. 1869. Oesterreich und die Bürgschaften seines Bestandes: Politische Studie. Wien: Wallishaußer.Google Scholar
Fischhof, A. 1885. Die Sprachenrechter in den Staaten gemischter Nationalität. Vienna: Manz.Google Scholar
Fischhof, A. 1888. Der Österreichische Sprachenzwist. Vienna: Manz.Google Scholar
Fortini Brown, P. 1996. Venice and Antiquity. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Galante Garrone, A., and Della Peruta, F. 1979. La stampa italiana del Risorgimento. Bari: Laterza.Google Scholar
Gilbert, F. [1965] 1984. Machiavelli and Guicciardini: Politics and History in Sixteenth-Century Florence. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Ginsborg, P. 1979. Daniele Manin and the Venetian Revolution of 1848–9. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ginsborg, P. 2007. Daniele Manin e la rivoluzione veneziana del 1848–49. Turin: Einaudi.Google Scholar
Giuseppe, B. 1829. Dizionario del dialetto veneziano. Venice: Santini.Google Scholar
Gottardi, M. 1993. L'Austria a Venezia [Texte imprimé]: società e istituzioni nella prima dominazione austriaca, 1798–1806. Milan: Angeli.Google Scholar
Gottsmann, A. 2005. Venetien 1859–1866. Österreichische Verwaltung und nationale Opposition. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goy, R. 2006. Building Renaissance Venice: Patrons, Architects, and Builders 1430–1500. London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Gullino, G. 1996. L'Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti. Dalla Rifondazione alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale: 1838–1946. Venice: Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti.Google Scholar
Haas, A. G. 1963. Metternich, Reorganization and Nationality 1813–1818: A Story of Foresight and Frustration in the Rebuilding of the Austrian Empire. Wiesbaden: Steiner.Google Scholar
Helfert, J. A. von. 1901. Kaiser Franz von Österreich und die Stiftung des Lombardo-Venetianischen Königreichs. Innsbruck: Verlag des Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.Google Scholar
Helfert, J. A. von. 1908. Zur Geschichte des Lombardo-Venezianischen Königreichs. Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Janowski, Maciej. 2004. “Justifying Political Power in Nineteenth-century Europe: The Habsburg Monarchy and Beyond.” In Imperial Rule, edited by Miller, A., and Rieber, A. J., 69–82. Budapest: Central European University Press.Google Scholar
Kann, R. A. 1950. The Multinational Empire: Nationalism and National Reform in the Habsburg Monarchy, 1848–1918. 2 vols. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Kann, R. A. 1964. Das Nationalitäten problem der Habsburgermonarchie. Geschichte und Ideengehalt der nationalen Bestrebungen vom Vormärz bis zur Auflösung des Reiches im Jahre 1918. 2nd edition; 2 vols. Graz-Cologne: Böhlau.Google Scholar
Keates, J. 2005. The Siege of Venice. London: Chatto & Windus.Google Scholar
Körner, A. 2009. Politics of Culture in Liberal Italy: From Unification to Fascism. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
L'Apatista. Giornale d'Istruzione, teatri e varietà, 27 October 1834.Google Scholar
Laven, D. 1996. “Law and Order in Habsburg Venetia 1814–1835” Historical Journal 39:383–403.Google Scholar
Laven, D. 1997. “Austria's Italian Policy Reconsidered: Revolution and Reform in Restoration Italy” Modern Italy 2(1):3–33.Google Scholar
Laven, D. 2002. Venice and Venetia under the Habsburgs, 1815–1835. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Laven, D. 2011. “Venice 1848–1915: The Venetian Sense of the Past and the Creation of Italian Nationalism.” In Nationalism and the Reshaping of Urban Communities in Europe, 1848–1914, edited by Whyte, W., and Zimmer, O., 47–73. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Luzio, A. 1910. “Giuseppe Acerbi e la Biblioteca italiana.” In Vol. 1 of Studi e bozzetti di storia letteraria e politica, edited by idem., 3–107. 2 vols. Milan: L.F. Cogliatti.Google Scholar
Macartney, C. A. 1968. The Habsburg Empire, 1790–1918. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.Google Scholar
Magani, F. 1997. Il Panteon Veneto. Venice: Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti.Google Scholar
Martinelli, V., and Pietrangeli, C. 1955. La Protomoteca Capitolina. Rome: Musei Comunali di Roma.Google Scholar
Mazohl-Wallnig, B. 1993. Österreichischer Verwaltungsstaat und administrative Eliten im Königreich Lombardo-Venetien 1815–1859. Mainz: Zabern.Google Scholar
Meriggi, M. 1983. Amministrazione e classi sociali nel Lombardo-Veneto (1814–1849). Bologna: il Mulino.Google Scholar
Meriggi, M. 1987. Il Regno Lombardo-Veneto. Turin: UTET.Google Scholar
Meyer, B. 1857. Rückblick auf die jüngste Entwicklungs-Periode Ungarns. Vienna: s.n. Google Scholar
Montanari, E. 1907. “Per la storia della Biblioteca italiana.” In Miscellanea di studi critici pubblicati in onore di Guido Mazzoni, edited by della Torre, A., and Rambaldi, P. L., 361–387. Florence: Galileiana.Google Scholar
Nardo, G. D. 1868. “Considerazioni filologiche sull'importalza [sic] dello studio comparativo dei dialetti rustici” Atti dell'Ateneo Veneto 5:629–659.Google Scholar
Nardo, G. D. 1869. Considerazioni filologiche sull'importanza dello studio comparativo dei dialetti rustici. Venice: Commercio.Google Scholar
Palacký, F. 1948. “Letter sent by František Palacký to Frankfurt” Slavonic and East European Review 26(67):303–308.Google Scholar
Parker, L. A. 2011. “Public Commemorations and Collective Memory in Venice, 1815–1915.” PhD diss., University of Manchester.Google Scholar
Pavanello, G. 1992. “Il Parnaso Veneto di Francesco Hayez” Neoclassico. Semestrale di Arte e Storia 1:61–69.Google Scholar
Pilot, A. 1914. “Venezia nel blocco del 1813–1814 da noterelle inedite del Cicogna.” Nuovo Archivio veneto, n.s., 14:191–227.Google Scholar
Pregnolato, M. 2006. “Il Panteon Veneziano di Franceso Bosa.” In Ripensando Paolo Sarpi, edited by Pin, C., 712–714. Venice: Ateneo Veneto.Google Scholar
Rampoldi, G. B. 1834. Corografia dell'Italia. Vol. 3. Milan: Antonio Fontana.Google Scholar
Regli, F. 1847. I compagni del Walkalla [sic] descritti dal Re Ludovico I di Baviera fondatore del Walkalla. Milan: Guglielmini.Google Scholar
Reill, D. K. 2012. Nationalists who Feared the Nation: Adriatic Multinationalism in Habsburg Dalmatia, Trieste, and Venice. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Romanin, S. 1857. Storia documentata di Venezia. Vol. 5. Venice: Naratovich.Google Scholar
Rosselli, J. 1985. L'impresario d'opera. Turin: Edizioni di Torino. (translation of The Opera Industry in Italy from Cimarosa to Verdi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984).Google Scholar
Sondhaus, L. 1989. The Habsburg Empire and the Sea: Austrian Naval Policy, 1797–1866. Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press.Google Scholar
Soppelsa, M. L. 1990. “L'Istituto Veneto e il IX Congresso degli Scienziati italiani.” In Atti del Covegno. Ingegneria e politica nell'Italia dell'ottocento: Pietro Paleocapa, 91–118. Venice: Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti.Google Scholar
Soppelsa, M. L. 2001. “Immagini della cultura scientifica veneta nei congressi degli scienziati italiani a Padova (1842) e Venezia (1847).” In Dopo la Serenissima: società, amministrazione e cultura nell'ottocento veneto, edited by Calabi, D., 233–268. Venice: Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti.Google Scholar
Tapié, V. -L. 1969. Monarchie et peuples du Danube. Paris: Fayard.Google Scholar
Taylor, A. J. P. 1948. The Habsburg Monarchy 1809–1918: A History of the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Thom, M. 1999. “City, Region and Nation: Carlo Cattaneo and the Making of Italy” Citizenship Studies. Special Issue: Cities and Citizenship in a Global Age 3(2):187–201.Google Scholar
Thom, M. 2000. “City and Language in the Thought of Carlo Cattaneo” Journal of Modern Italian Studies 5(1):1–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tommaseo, N. 1830. Nuovo dizionario de' sinomini della lingua italiana. Florence: Luigi Pezzati.Google Scholar
Tommaseo, N. 1861–79. Dizionario della lingua italiana nuovamente compilato dai signori N. Tommaséo e cav. B. Bellini, con oltre centomila giunte ai precedenti dizionarii raccolte da N. Tommaséo, G. Campi, G. Meini, P. Fanfani e da molti altri distinti filologi. Turin: UTET.Google Scholar
Tonetti, E. 1997. Governo austriaco e notabili sudditi. Congregazioni e municipi nel Veneto della Restaurazione (1816–1848). Venice: Istituto Veneto.Google Scholar
Webb Probyn, J. 1884. Italy from the Fall of Napoleon I., in 1815, to the Death of Victor Emmanuel, in 1878. London: Cassell.Google Scholar
Zorzi, A. 1985. Venezia austriaca 1798–1866. Rome–Bari: Laterza.Google Scholar