Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T14:26:19.430Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Cinema’s poetics of history

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 May 2017

Noa Steimatsky*
Affiliation:
Department of Italian Studies, University of California, Berkeley, USA

Abstract

In the movie theatre, history risks drowning in sensory response, in pleasure, or in shock. Yet the cinema can also contribute to a special knowledge of history. Cutting across genres and modes of filmmaking, exploring the effects of duration, gesture, movement, mise-en-scène, framing and editing, recognising affective connotations and the intricacy of figural-poetic devices, this article weighs the impact of the senses and the imagination vis-à-vis the cinema’s historical task. In transforming the narrative past tenses of both fiction and history into the present tense of film viewing, the cinema may be said to loosen the critical grip of writing (history’s ‘proper medium’), to destabilise legibility and interpretation, to interfere with the retrospective, synthetic work of history. But this variability, the inherent ‘impurity’, even promiscuity of the medium also invests cinematic experience with a vitality and urgency: it implicates us in what we see, it animates our response, which is at once aesthetic and ethical.

Italian summary

Nel buio della sala la storia rischia di essere sommersa dalle risposte sensoriali, dall'esperienza del piacere, o da quella di shock. Eppure esistono forme in cui il cinema, in quanto mezzo di comunicazione, esperienza, arte può contribuire alla conoscenza storica – al di là di dati quantificabili o della propria forza storiografica, analitica e narrativa. In questo articolo considero l’impatto dei sensi e dell’immaginazione a fronte della missione storica del cinema, tramite un’analisi che spazia attraverso generi e modi della cinematografia, esplora le esperienze di durata, la gestualità, il movimento, la mise-en-scène, la fotografia e il montaggio, e riconosce le connotazioni affettive e la complessità di formule figurative e poetiche. Si può ipotizzare che il cinema, nell’atto di trasformare il tempo passato narrativo della storia e della finzione nel tempo presente della visione, allenti la presa critica della scrittura (il mezzo ‘proprio’ della storia), destabilizzando cosí la leggibilità e l’interpretazione, interferendo con il processo retrospettivo, sintetico, accademico della storia. Tuttavia questa variabilità, l’‘impurità’ – la promiscuità addirttura – inerente al mezzo riesce anche a investire di urgenza e vitalità l’atto stesso della visione cinematografica: ci coinvolge in quello che vediamo e anima la nostra reazione rendendola al contempo estetica ed etica.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 2017 Association for the Study of Modern Italy 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adorno, T. W. 1967. (original German 1949) Prisms. London: Neville Spearman.Google Scholar
Agamben, G. 1993. “Notes on Gesture.” In his Infancy and History: Essays on the Destruction of Experience, 138–139. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Bazin, A. 1997. “William Wyler, or the Jansenist of Directing.” In Bazin at Work: Major Essays & Reviews from the Forties & Fifties, edited by B. Cardullo, 122. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bazin, A. 2003. “Death Every Afternoon.” In Rites of Realism: Essays on Corporeal Cinema, edited by I. Margulies, 2731. Durham: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Bazin, A. 2009. What Is Cinema? Montreal: Caboose.Google Scholar
Ciammaroni, S. 2011. The Way of All Flesh: A History and Historiography of Violence and Death in Italian Cinema (1943-1980). Unpublished New York University doctoral dissertation.Google Scholar
Duerfahrd, L. 2010. “Afterthoughts on Disability: Crying at William Wyler’s Best Years of our Lives .” In On the Verge of Tears: Why the Movies, Television, Music, Art, Popular Culture, Literature and the Real World Make Us Cry, edited by M. Byers, and D. Lavery, 5066. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.Google Scholar
Didi-Huberman, G. 2008. Images in Spite of All: Four Photographs from Auschwitz, translated by S. B. Lillis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Eisenstein, S., and Leyda, J.. 1949. Film Form. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.Google Scholar
Eisenstein, S. 1988. Nonindifferent Nature: Film and the Structure of Things. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Faulkner, W. 1972. Absalom, Absalom! New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Ferro, M. 1988. Cinema and History, translated by N. Greene. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.Google Scholar
Ginzburg, C. 1989. Clues, Myths and the Historical Method. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Koch, G. 1989. “The Aesthetic Transformation of the Image of the Unimaginable: Notes on Claude Lanzmann’s Shoah .” October 48:1524.Google Scholar
Koch, G. 1991. “The Angel of Forgetfulness and the Black Box of Facticity: Trauma and Memory in Claude Lanzmann’s Film Shoah .” History and Memory 3 (1): 119134.Google Scholar
Kracauer, S. 1960. Theory of Film: The Redemption of Physical Reality. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Michelson, A. 1973. ‘Camera Obscura, Camera Lucida’. Artforum (January).Google Scholar
Musumeci, M. 1998. “Suoni e immagini di quei giorni.” In Mario Serandrei: Giorni di gloria, edited by L. Gaiardoni, 4248. Rome: Bianco e nero/Scuola nazionale di cinema/Il Castoro.Google Scholar
Pasolini, P. P. 1988. Heretical Empiricism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Portelli, A. 1999. L’ordine è già stato eseguito. Rome: Donzelli editore.Google Scholar
Rancière, J. 2014. Figures of History. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar
Rosenstone, R. 1988. “History in Images/History in Words: Reflections on the Possibility of Really Putting History onto Film.” The American Historical Review 93 (5): 11731185.Google Scholar
Sarris, A. 1980. “William Wyler.” In Cinema: A Critical Dictionary: The Major Film-Makers, edited by R. Roud, vol. 2, 10871092. London: Martin Secker & Warburg. 1980.Google Scholar
Scarry, E. 1985. The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tsivian, Y. 2002. Ivan the Terrible. London: British Film Institute.Google Scholar