Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 November 2009
The mythical scientist in early twentieth-century America cut a lone figure, “impersonal as the chill northeast wind” and “oblivious of everything save his experiment.” He toiled through the night in his laboratory, “a place unimpressive and unmagical save for the constant-temperature bath with its tricky thermometer and electric bulbs,” as if working in the lab were a prayer that promised illumination—“alone, absorbed, [and] contemptuous of academic success and of popular classes,” he knew all about material forces, but he was blind to the vital force that created all others. Accustomed to the “beautiful dullness of long labors,” he remained “illimitably ignorant” of literature, art, and music. He believed that unerring techniques in experimentation, impartial observations, and exquisitely minute calculations would bring progress—a steady march toward the truth. He chose the highest calling in the world because he was “intensely religious—so religious that he will not accept quarter-truths, because they are an insult to his faith.” He was “so devoted to Pure Science . . . that he would rather have people die by the right therapy than be cured by the wrong. Having built a shrine for humanity, he wanted to kick out of it all mere human beings.” This autocratic figure, brilliantly insane and tyrannically honest, embodied the cult of science and objectivity.
1 Peter Dear argues that the Popperian notion of objectivity invokes “a kind of shadow-world that only exists by virtue of those things that it is not” or by the negation of subjectivity. Dear, P., “From Truth to Disinterestedness in the Seventeenth Century,” Social Studies of Science 22 (1992), 619–31CrossRefGoogle Scholar; original emphasis.
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3 According to Thomas E. Willey, “Neo-Kantianism emerged in the late 1850s and early 1860s [as a response to “naive scientism” and materialism], achieved academic supremacy in the 1890s, and rapidly lost its academic preeminence (but not its entire following) after 1914.” T. E. Willey, Back to Kant: The Revival of Kantianism in German Social and Historical Thought, 1860–1914 (Detroit, 1978), 21. The authors do not use the term “neo-Kantian” or engage with Kant's epistemology.
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