¹ YHCL. Hsu, Chi-yü, Ying-huan chih-lueh (A short account of the maritime circuit; 10 chüan, Foochow, author's preface, 1848). All notes to the YHCL in this article, unless otherwise indicated, refer to the 1848 edition.Google Scholar

² WTHC. Hsu, Chi-yü, ed., Wu-t'ai hsin-chih (New gazetteer of Wu-t'ai [Shansi]; 4 chüan, Wu-t'ai, 1884), 3.56.Google Scholar

³ WTHC, 3.59.

⁴ CSK. Erh-hsun, Chao, comp., Ch'ing-shih kao (Draft history of the Ch'ing dynasty; 536 chüan, 1927), lieh-chuan #209, 2741/352.10.Google Scholar

⁵ SKCC. Hsi-shan, Yen, comp., Sung-k'an hsien-sheng ch'üan-chi (The collected works of Hsu Chi-yü 9 chüan, Wu-t'ai, 1915), 2.7b.Google Scholar

⁶ CSK, lieh-chuan #209, 2741/352.7b–8.

⁷ Ibid., 8b–9.

⁸ Ibid., 7b.

⁹ WTHC, 4.6b.

¹⁰ For the two most important of these early memorials, see SKCC, shang: 6b–13.

¹¹ WTHC, 4.6b.

¹² HPCC. Miao, Ch'üan-sun, ed., Pei-chuan chi, hsu-chi (A supplementary collection of epitaphs: Soochow, 1910), 17.3b.Google Scholar

¹³ WTHC, 4.6b.

¹⁴ Hsin-pao, Chang, Commissioner Lin and the Opium War (Cambridge, Mass., 1964), pp. 209–10.Google Scholar

¹⁵ Ibid., p. 210.

¹⁶ CCCY. Shih-fu, Ch'ien, Ch'ing-chi chung-yao chih-kuan nien-piao (Chronological tables of important officers in the late Ch'ing; Peking, 1959), p. 122.Google Scholar

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¹⁸ Chang, , Commissioner Lin, p. 213.Google Scholar

¹⁹ SKCC, 3.2–4.

²⁰ Davis, John Francis, China During the War and Since the Peace (London, 1852), 1, p. 169.Google Scholar

²¹ SKCC, 3.6b.

²² SKCC, 3.4; 7b.

²³ SKCC, 3.6.

²⁴ SKCC, 3.7. HPCC, 17.3b.

²⁵ WTHC, 4.7.

²⁶ CCCY, pp. 123–4. Arthur, W. Hummel, ed., Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (1644–1912) (Washington, D.C., 1943), I, p. 128; pp. 503–5.Google Scholar

²⁷ CR. Chinese Repository, 12.333 (1843).Google Scholar

²⁸ Ssu-yü, Teng, Chang Hsi and the Treaty of Nanking, 1842 (Chicago, 1944), p. 170, note 269.Google ScholarHummel, , Eminent Chinese, I, p. 132.Google Scholar

²⁹ Swisher, Earl, China's Management of the American Barbarians, A Study of Sino-American Relations, 1841–1861 (New Haven, 1951), pp. 82–8.Google Scholar

³⁰ Fairbank, John K., Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast, The Opening of the Treaty Ports, 1842–1854 (Cambridge, Mass., 1953), 1, pp. 190–3.Google Scholar

³¹ SKCC, 4.24b–25.

³² CR, 12.333 (1843).Google Scholar

³³ Fairbank, , Trade, I, p. 192; p. 202. SKCC 4.25.Google Scholar

³⁴ IWSM, TK. Ch'ou-pan i-wu shih-mo (A complete account of our management of barbarian affairs; Peiping, 1930), Tao-kuang 72.9b–10b (received 7/24/44).Google ScholarFairbank, , Trade, I, p. 193.Google Scholar

³⁵ Fairbank, , Trade, I, pp. 203–4.Google Scholar

³⁶ Ibid., p. 162; p. 204.

³⁷ Fairbank, , Trade, I, p. 205; pp. 221–3; p. 314.Google Scholar

³⁸ CCCY, p. 176. WTHC 4.8b.

³⁹ Fairbank, , Trade, I, pp. 378–9. IWSM, HF (Hsien-feng) I.9b.Google Scholar

⁴⁰ SKCC, 3.19b.

⁴¹ Ibid.

⁴² SKCC, 3.22b.

⁴³ IWSM, TC (T'ung-chih) 37.16.

⁴⁴ SKCC, 3.30a–b.

⁴⁵ IWSM, TC, 47.8; 47.16b. Biggerstaff, Knight, The Earliest Modern Government Schools in China (Ithaca, 1961), pp. 112–13.Google Scholar

⁴⁶ Shih-fu, Ch'ien, Ch'ing-chi-kuan hsin-she chih-kuan nien-piao (Chronological tables of officers in newly established posts in the late Ch'ing; Peking, 1961), p. 4.Google Scholar

⁴⁷ WTHC, 4.7b.

⁴⁸ Davis, , China, II, p. 77. CR, 15.160 (1846).Google Scholar

⁴⁹ CR, 13.70–73 (1844).Google Scholar

⁵⁰ Fairbank, , Trade, I, pp. 8–20.Google Scholar

⁵¹ For a short summary, see Hsi-t'ung, Chang, ‘The Earliest Phase of the Introduction of Western Political Science into China’, The Yenching Journal of Social Sciences, 2.1–29 (1950).Google Scholar

⁵² YHCL, I: author's preface, I; 1.4b, 6b; 3.7, 11b; 4.27; 6.14b, 16b, 26.

⁵³ Ch'i-ch'ao, Liang, Intellectual Trends in the Ch'ing Period, tr., Immanuel, C. Y. Hsu (Cambridge, Mass., 1959), p. 1.Google Scholar

⁵⁴ YHCL, I: author's preface, Ia–b. The Rev. L. B. Peet of Foochow wrote on 27 August 1849 to Rufus Anderson of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) that the work was ‘just published’. ABCFM, Foochow Mission, v. 229, letter #334 (8/27/49).Google Scholar

⁵⁵ This edition is held by the Library of Congress.

⁵⁶ See Hummel, , Eminent Chinese, I, p. 310.Google Scholar Harvard-Yenching Library holds only the 1861 edition. See Jyo, Keiyo, Eikan Shiryaku (1861).Google Scholar

⁵⁷ Title page of the YHCL (1861 Japanese edition).Google Scholar

⁵⁸ Professor Cohen, Paul A. generously loaned me his personal copy.Google Scholar

⁵⁹ WTHC, 4.84. This note concerning the YHCL reported that the original printing blocks had been brought from Foochow to the capital.

⁶⁰ See Price, Don C., ‘The Chinese Intelligentsia's Image of Russia, 1896–1911’ (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Harvard University, 1967), pp. 35, 38.Google ScholarAlso, see Yu-wei, K'ang, ‘K'ang Nan-hai tzu-pien nien-p'u’ (Chronological autobiography of K'ang Yu-wei) in Chien, Po-tsan, ed., Wu-hsu pien-fa , (Shanghai, 1953), 4.115. In addition,Google Scholarsee Levenson, Joseph R., Liang Ch'i-ch' ao and the Mind of Modern China (Cambridge, Mass., 1953), p. 17.Google Scholar

⁶¹ YHCL, 3.29.

⁶² YHCL, 1.5b.

⁶³ YHCL, 4.3.

⁶⁴ YHCL, 4.3b.

⁶⁵ Ibid.

⁶⁶ YHCL, 3.40b–41.

⁶⁷ YHCL, 6.19.

⁶⁸ Ibid.

⁶⁹ YHCL, 3.18b–19.

⁷⁰ YHCL, 6.22.

⁷¹ YHCL, 7.10b–11.

⁷² YHCL, 7.6.

⁷³ YHCL, 2.32b–33.

⁷⁴ YHCL, 5.4b.

⁷⁵ YHCL, 8.12b.

⁷⁶ YHCL, 4.18.

⁷⁷ YHCL, 2.10.

⁷⁸ Ssu-yü, Teng and Fairbank, John K., China's Response to the West, A Documentary Survey, 1839–1923 (Cambridge, Mass., 1961), p. 50.Google Scholar