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The Mahatma and Modern India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2008

Judith M. Brown
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Centenary celebrations of the birth of any prominent man attract assessments of his character, career and influence. Nothing could be more understandable, particularly in the case of M. K. Gandhi, who was by common consent one of the greatest leaders Asia has produced in an era of colonial nationalisms and decolonization, who in his own life time was called a saint and a machiavellian politician, and who has become in independent India both a national myth and an embarrassment. Accounts of the importance of Gandhi in modern India tend to fall into two main categories. There are those who dismiss him, often regretfully, as an idealist whose Utopian plans for a democracy of village commonwealths and a non-violent society have collapsed in the face of economic and political necessity and the machinations of unscrupulous politicians. In the words of Jayaprakash Narayan, ‘If you consider the political ideologies attaining in India today, you would find that somehow one who is called the Father of the Nation is completely missing from all of them’. Such pessimism assesses Gandhi as if he had been solely a dispenser of blue-prints for a brave new world, and fails to see him as a dynamic leader whose greatest influence flowed from the type of movement he led and the techniques he used, rather than from the peculiarly personal ideals he held. On the other hand, there are those who hail him as the Father of India and try to draw direct causal connexions between his ideals and many of the major changes which have occurred in India since 1947, particularly the official abolition of Untouchability and the institution of panchayat raj. But this is the perspective of the biographer. It underrates the complexities of politics and society and their interaction, and turns a blind eye to the innumerable cross currents which make up the main stream of Indian social and political activity.

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Articles
Information
Modern Asian Studies , Volume 3 , Issue 4 , July 1969 , pp. 321 - 342
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1969

References

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61 The introduction of adult suffrage hastened the process of expanding political participation, and shifted power even more quickly to the dominant rural castes in the regions, castes which then gained more power through the institution of panchayatraj. Thius shift in the balance of power to the countryside is one of the main themes dealt with in Rosen, op. cit.Google Scholar

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67 This process of using tradition in the service of modernity is worked out in some detail in relation to Gandhi's leadership by the Rudolphs in a section of their recent book, entitled, ‘The Traditional Roots of Charisma: Gandhi', Rudolphs. op. cit., pp. 157–249.Google Scholar

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70 E.g., the resort to satyagraha by people hoping to get certain towns and areas included in their own linguistic provinces, Weiner, , op. cit., pp. 250–1. The same distortion of the Gandhian original can be seen in the threats of political leaders to fast to death when they have been unable to get their way through the normal constitutional channels of politics.Google Scholar