I am indebted to my colleague, Dr Lance Brennan, for discussions and suggestions for sources on the subject of this article.

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²⁹ Ibid., 116.

³⁰ The earliest X ray photograph in the Quaid-i-Azam archives at Islamabad (Q.A.P.) is dated Lahore, 26 October 1936.

³¹ Cripps-Geoffrey Wilson diary of visit to India, 15 December 1939 (in possession of Mr. Maurice Shock).

³² Coupland's Indian diary, 1941–42 (C.D.), 17 January 1942, Rhodes House, Oxford.

³³ Ibid., 8 April 1942.

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⁵⁹ Cf. the signatures on preceding letters and of ‘(Mian) Bashir Ahmad’ on letter to Jinnah, 19 June 1946, Q.A.P., file 1092. For Bashir Ahmad, see Pirzada, , Foundations of Pakistan, II, 326, 462–3Google Scholar (poems read at League's Lahore session, 22 March 1940, and Karachi session, 25 December 1943); Muhammad Daud Rahbar in Malik, , Iqbal, p. 44Google Scholar. For his writings, see, e.g., ibid., bibliography; ‘Quaid-e-Azam: Some Glimpses of His Greatness’, Ahmad, Jamil-ud-din (ed.), Quaid-e-Azam as Seen by His Contemporaries (Lahore, 1966), 13–28.Google Scholar

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⁷⁰ Khaliquzzaman, C., Pathway to Pakistan (Lahore, 1961), 223–4Google Scholar. Khaliquzzaman grossly exaggerates his own role, though in March 1939 he had proposed to the Secretary of State a vague scheme for three or four separate federations of provinces and states under a small central co-ordinating body (ibid., 205–7; Marquess of Zetland, ‘Essayez’, 1956, 248–9). See also below, p. 552.Google Scholar

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⁷⁴ See his speech of 11 March 1941 (see n. 60).

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¹⁰² Ahmad, , Speeches and Writings of Mr. Jinnah, I, 582–6.Google Scholar

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¹⁰⁴ See Richard Casey to Wavell, 11 September 1944, T.P. V, 13, 79Google Scholar; East Pakistan Renaissance Society, Eastern Pakistan: Its Population, Delimitation and Economics, Calcutta, 09 1944Google Scholar. As early as 11 June 1940 Prof. A. Sadeque, Professor of Economics and Politics at Islamia College, Calcutta, sent to Jinnah a proposal for dividing India into Pakistan, Hindustan and ‘Greater Bengal’ (Q.A.P., file 106).

¹⁰⁵ Pirzada, , Foundations of Pakistan, II, xxx.Google Scholar

¹⁰⁶ Moore, , Churchill, Cripps and India, 132–5. See below.Google Scholar

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¹¹⁶ Ispahani, M. A. H., ‘Factors Leading to the Partition of British India’Google Scholar, Philips, and Wainwright, , Partition of India, 330–59, pp. 348–50.Google Scholar

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¹²⁴ T.P. X, 229.Google Scholar

¹²⁵ Commons Debates, 12 December 1946, cols. 1362–70Google Scholar; 20 December 1946, cols. 2341–52. See also Dwarkadas, K., Ten Years to Freedom (Bombay 1968), 195–6.Google Scholar

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¹²⁹ Ibid., 256. See also 276, Annex, 1.

¹³⁰ Ibid., 229. See also 227–8, 264. Cf. the common Pakistani belief that Jinnah saw Suhrawardy's scheme as a heresy (e.g. Ispahani, M. A. H., Qaid-e-Azam as I Knew Him (Karachi, 1967 edn), 257–8Google Scholar). For relations between Jinnah and Suhrawardy over the scheme from February 1947, see Ziring, , ‘Jinnah’. A draft scheme for a ‘Free State of Bengal’, d. 4 June 1947, appears in Q.A.P., file 142.Google Scholar

¹³¹ Moore, , ‘Mountbatten, India and the Commonwealth’, Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, XXIX.1 (1981), 5–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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¹³³ In May 1949 three of Pakistan's governors, the three chiefs of staff, and 470 military officers, were still British.

¹³⁴ For Gandhi see his Autobiography: the Story of My Experiments with Truth (Ahmedabad, 1927Google Scholar), and S. H. and Rudolph, L., The Modernity of Tradition (Chicago, 1967), Pt. II (‘The Traditional Roots of Charisma: Gandhi’).Google Scholar

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