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How Should We Approach the Economy of ‘Early Modern India’?*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 June 2015

SHAMI GHOSH
SHAMI GHOSH*
Affiliation:
Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, Toronto, Canada Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Tirthankar Roy's recent synthesis on the economic history of early modern India claims to provide a new, overarching narrative placing this period within the broader sweep of the history of what Roy defines as ‘capitalism’ in India in the very long term. This article provides a detailed critique of Roy's monograph, suggesting that it suffers from some serious methodological deficits, arising not least from a future-oriented paradigm that imposes anachronistic concepts on this period, including the very notion of ‘India’. Furthermore, Roy's view of the economy as being fundamentally driven forward by the rise of a coastal polity, expanding inwards from Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta, sits awkwardly with his repeated claim that colonialism was of little significance for Indian economic history. Finally, this article suggests that this period might be more fruitfully approached not only by abandoning the telos of what we know of India's future, but also by adopting both regionally focused and comparative approaches, turning away from long-distance trade as the primary lens through which to view the economy, and instead examining endogenous factors in the economies of individual regions and enriching our understanding of them by reference to studies of other world regions with comparable patterns of development in the same period. More nuanced ways of approaching economic change in the very long run, including the importance of developments in modes of consumption and market- and profit-oriented economic behaviour, are suggested as a better means of understanding both the economies of the late pre-colonial centuries in the Indian subcontinent and the development of capitalism, which should also be understood in a more specific manner than Roy allows.

Type
Review Article
Information
Modern Asian Studies , Volume 49 , Issue 5 , September 2015 , pp. 1606 - 1656
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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Footnotes

*

I should like to express my thanks to Norbert Peabody, in particular, and to the anonymous readers for Modern Asian Studies, for their comments and criticisms, which have been very useful in helping me formulate the arguments presented below.

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