Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T11:02:12.631Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Shanghai-Hangchow-Ningpo Railway Loan A Case Study of the Rights Recovery Movement

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2008

Madeleine Chi
Affiliation:
Manhattanville College, Purchase, New Yorky

Extract

During the first decade of the twentieth century, foreign residents in China observed a noticeable change in the temper of the Chinese people. It was more than a change in mood, but a wave of activities, a dynamic force aimed at the recovery of China's sovereign rights. The movement was so intense that Japanese diplomats in Peking called it the ‘rights recovery fever’. Sir Ernest Satow, British minister in China, remarked that the movement was a manifestation of ‘the consciousness of national solidarity, which is entirely a new phenomenon in China’.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1973

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Japan, Foreign Ministry documents microfilmed by the Library of Congress, S.P. 19, ‘Rights Recovery Fever’, especially pp. 2021.Google Scholar

2 Great Britain, Foreign Office archives, Satow to Grey, 19 February 1906, F.O. 371/25/6220.Google Scholar

4 I-shan, Hsiao, Ching-tai tung-shih (A general history of the Ching dynasty) (Vol. 4, reprint, Taipei, 1967), pp. 2350 f.Google Scholar

5 Foreign Office memorandum, 1 January 1907, F.O. 371/220/2951.Google Scholar

6 Tung-fang Tsa-chih (Eastern Miscellany), II, 10 (1905), section on transportation, pp. 85–8.Google Scholar

7 Grey to Jordan, 13 January 1910, F.O. 371/858/1321.Google Scholar

8 Imperial Railways of North China, annual report for 1906, F.O. 371/227/12740.Google Scholar

9 Tung-fang Tsa-chih, I, 3 (1904), transportation, pp. 166–70.Google Scholar

10 Sun, E-tu Zen, ‘The Shanghai—Hangchow—Ningpo Railway Loan of 1908’, Far Eastern Quarterly, Vol. 10 (19501951), 138.Google Scholar

11 Jordan to Grey, 5 February 1908, F.O. 371/427/9694.Google Scholar

12 Salisbury to MacDonald, 15 March 1898, F.O. 405, Vol. 76, No. 299.Google Scholar

13 Balfour to MacDonald, 17 and 20 August 1898, F.O. 405, Vol. 78, Nos. 163, 164, and 172.Google Scholar

14 MacDonald to Salisbury, 14 September 1898, Ibid, No. 271.

15 Chinese text in Chia-lun Lo (ed.), Chiang-che tieh-lu fang-chao (Railway movement in Kiangsu and Chekiang) (reprint, Taipei, 1968), pp. 78. English text referred to in Satow to Grey, 17 March 1906, F.O. 371/22/15214.Google Scholar

16 Young, L. K., British policy in China, 1895–1902 (Oxford, 1970), pp. 82–3.Google Scholar

17 Satow to Grey, 17 March 1906, F.O. 371/22/15212; 16 April 1906, F.O. 371/ 35/ 18909.Google Scholar

18 Jordan to Grey, 9 April 1911, F.O. 371/1080/16039. For a study of Sheng's life, see Feuerwerker, A., China's early industrialization: Sheng Hsuan-huai and mandarin enterprise (Mass., 1958).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

19 Ibid., pp. 75–6.

20 Satow to Grey, 17 March 1906, F.O. 371/22/15215.Google Scholar

21 Uchida to Komura, 7 May 1905, M.T. 1.6.1.21 (Japanese Foreign Ministry documents), ‘Reports of observations in Peking’, p. 215.Google Scholar

22 Uchida to Komura, 26 May 1905, ibid., pp. 308–9.

23 Uchida to Katsura, 16 September 1905, ibid., p. 903.

24 Uchida to Komura, ibid., p. 247. Satow to Lansdowne, 8 June 1905, F.O. 405, Vol. 156, No. 39.

25 North China Herald, 29 September 1905, p. 733.Google Scholar

26 Uchida to Katsura, 7 and 11 September 1905, M.T. 1. 6. 1. 21, pp. 859, 872. Satow to Lansdowne, 11 December 1905, F.O. 371/22/3288.Google Scholar

27 Shih-er chao Tung-hua shih-lu, Kwang-hsu chao (The veritable records of Tung-hua, the reign of Kwang-hsu) (reprint, Taipei, 1968), vol. 29, pp. 5356, 53825383; Vol. 30, pp. 5501–5502.Google Scholar

28 Kiangsu shareholders' meeting, 1–3 November 1906,Tung-fang Tsa-chih, III, 11 (1906), section on transportation, pp. 225–6.Google Scholar

29 Japan, Foreign Ministry documents microfilmed by the Library of Congress, S.P. 47, ‘Dictionary of contemporary Chinese’, printed in 1912, p. 173.Google Scholar

30 A study of Chang Chien's career has been made by Chu, Samuel C., Reformer in modern China, Chang Chien (New York, 1965).Google Scholar

31 Chen, Chen (comp.), Chung-kuo chin-tai kung-yeh-shih tzu-liao (Materials relating to modern China's industrial history) (Peking, 1957), pp. 35, 43, and 46.Google Scholar

32 North China Herald, 6 January 1905, p. 23.Google Scholar

33 S.P. 47, pp. 212–13.Google Scholar

34 North China Herald, 19 July 1907, pp. 143–4.Google Scholar

35 S.P. 47, pp. 392–4.Google Scholar

36 Smith, J. C., British acting consul of Hangchow, to Satow, 1 January 1906, F.O. 228/1631, Hangchow 2/06.Google Scholar

37 chung-tzu, Wo-chiu, Tang-tai ming-jen hsiao-chuan (Sketches of contemporary notables) (two volumes in one, Shanghai, 1919), II, 186–7.Google Scholar

38 Yi-nien, Wang (ed.), Wang Kang-nien hsien-sheng chuan-chi i-wen (The biography and writings of Wang Kang-nien) (reprint, Taipei, n. d.), pp. 146–7.Google Scholar

39 Wright, Mary C. (ed.), China in revolution. The first phase, 1900–1913 (New Haven, 1968), p. 179, n. 117.Google Scholar

40 Feng-tien, Chao, Wan-Ching wu-shih-nien ching-chi ssu-hsiang shih (Economic thought during the last fifty years of the Ching dynasty) (Peking, 1939), passim.Google Scholar

41 Satow to Landsdowne, 4 February 1905, F.O. 405, Vol. 154, No. 82.Google Scholar

42 Uchida to Katsura 2 October 1905, M.T. 1.6.1.21, p. 1000.Google Scholar

43 Tung-hua shih-lu, Kwang-hsu chao, Vol. 29, p. 5040.Google Scholar

44 Uchida to Komura, 25 October 1905, M.T. 1.6.1.21, p. 1150.Google Scholar

45 Chia-lun, Lo, p. 16. Satow to Lansdowne, 12 October 1905, F.O. 371/22/1213.Google Scholar

46 Keswick to British Foreign Office, 9 January 1906, F.O. 371/22/1213.Google Scholar

47 Foreign Office to the British and Chinese Corporation, 11 October 1905, F. O. 405, Vol. 157, No. 12. Sheng's memorial on the Shanghai—Hangchow—Ningpo railway loan, 20 March 1906, Ching-chi wai-chiao shih-liao (Diplomatic documents of the Ching dynasty), Kwang Hsu's reign 196:8.Google Scholar

48 Lo Chia-lun, p. 17.Google Scholar

49 Governor Chang to Wai-wu-pu, ibid., p. 19.

50 ‘Detailed memorandum on railways in China’, 31 December 1907, F.O. 371/418/1647. Jordan to Grey, 23 December 1906, F.O. 371/22/42919.Google Scholar

51 Lo Chia-lun, pp. 1012.Google Scholar

52 Tung-fang Tsa-chih, III, 4 (1906), section on transportation, p. 118.Google Scholar

53 L. D. Carnegie, British chargé, to Foreign Office, 26 July 1906, F.O. 371/38/30599.Google Scholar

54 Tung-fang Tsa-chih, IV, 1 (1907), section on transporatation, p. 38; IV, 3 (1907), transportation, pp. 67–8.Google Scholar

55 Jordan to Grey, 28 March 1907, F.O. 371/220/16199.Google Scholar

56 Smith, J. L., British consul at Hangchow, to Jordan, 9 March 1907, F.O. 228/1663, Hangchow 7A/07.Google Scholar

57 Jordan to Grey, 28 March 1907, F.O. 371/220/16199.Google Scholar

58 Carnegie to Grey, 10 September 1906, F.O. 371/22/30788.Google Scholar

59 Jordan to Grey, 15 May 1907, F.O. 371/220/15955.Google Scholar

60 Jordan to Grey, 7 August 1907, F.O. 371/220/31715.Google Scholar

61 Chung-hua min-kuo kai-kuo wu-shih-nien wen-hsuan (Writings commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the Chinese republic) (Taipei, 1963), Series I, Vol. 16, p. 678.Google Scholar Lo Chia-lun, p. 219. North China Herald, 1 November 1907, p. 268.

62 Lo Chia-lun, pp. 155–7. Kai-kuo wu-shih-nien wen-hsuan, Series I, Vol. 16, pp. 665–8. North China Herald, 25 October 1907, p. 246. Numerous articles in the Tung-fang Tsa-chih.Google Scholar

63 Tung-fang Tsa-chih, III, 5 (1906), section on transporatation, pp. 119–26.Google Scholar

64 Lo Chia-lun, pp. 113–34, 357–69.Google Scholar

65 North China Herald, 1 November 1907, p. 268.Google Scholar

66 Ibid., 15 November 1907, p. 406.

67 Ibid., p. 407. Kai-kuo wu-shih-nien wen-hsuan, Series I, Vol. 16, pp. 679–80.

68 Lo Chia-lun, pp. 75–6, 94–5.Google Scholar

69 Telegram from the director of the Kiangsu and Chekiang Railway Companies to Wai-wu-pu, in Lo Chia-lun, pp. 65–6. Mary C. Wright, pp. 17–18. Tung-fang Tsa-chih, IV, 10 (1907), p. 24.Google Scholar

70 Wang Yi-nien, p. 7. Wang Kang-nien added that the authentic news of Wu Kang's death had appeared in his newspaper, the chung-wai Pao, and the Hsin-wen Pao at the time.Google Scholar

71 Chia-lun, Lo, p. 66.Google Scholar

72 Jordan to Grey, 24 December 1907, F.O. 371/409/4364.Google Scholar

73 Jordan to Grey, 4 October 1906, F.O. 371/22/33541; 15 October 1907, F.O. 371/220/39338.Google Scholar

74 Jordan to Grey, 9 November 1907, F.O. 371/220/37059.Google Scholar

75 Jordan to Grey, 2 December 1907, F.O. 371/220/39684.Google Scholar

76 Jordan to Grey, 11 December, 1907, F.O. 371/409/2713.Google Scholar

77 Wai-wu-pu, memorial on the Shanghai—Hangchow—Ningpo Railway loan, 29 November 1907, Ching-chi wai-chiao shih-liao, 207: 1718.Google Scholar

78 Wai-wu-pu, memorial on the negotiations of the Shanghai—Hangchow—Ningpo railway and the proposal for its solution, 20 October 1907, ibid., 206: 12–13.

79 Lo Chia-lun, pp. 275–6. North China Herald, 20 December 1907, p. 720. Jordan to Grey, 22 January 1908, F.O. 371/409/7877.Google Scholar

80 Wang Yi-nien, p. 8. Jordan to Grey, 9 December 1907, F.O. 371/409/2702.Google Scholar

81 Kai-kuo wu-shih-nien wen-hsuan, Series I, Vol. 16, pp. 676–8.Google Scholar

82 English text of the agreement is found in MacMurray, John V. A., Treaties and agreements with or concerning China (2 vols., Washington, 1921), I, 702–9.Google Scholar

83 Jordan to Grey, 12 March 1908, F.O. 371/409/14943.Google Scholar

84 Jordan to Grey, 3 and 12 March 1908, F.O. 371/409/13292 & 14945.Google Scholar

85 Tung-fang Tsa-chih, for the year 1908, V, 1, section on transporatation, pp. 36–7; V, 4, section on miscellaneous news, pp. 11–12; V, 5, section on miscellaneous news, p. 14; V. 6, section on transportation, pp. 96–7.Google Scholar

86 Jordan to Grey, 3 February 1909, F.O. 371/620/7109; 12 July 1909, F.O. 371/620/29893.Google Scholar

87 Tung-fang Tsa-chih, V. 6, section on transportation, pp. 96–7.Google Scholar

88 ‘Memorandum respecting the Shanghai—Hangchow—Ningpo railway, more especially in regard to the treatment of the funds raised in the country under the railway loan agreement of 6 March 1908’, F.O. 406, Vol. 196, rgn. 9568. See also C. S. Addis to Foreign Office, 28 January 1910, F.O. 371/858/3171.Google Scholar

89 Jordan to Grey, 6 October 1909, F.O. 371/620/39283.Google Scholar

90 Tung-fang Tsa-chih, VI, 9 and 10 (1909), section on ‘Accounts’, pp. 277, and 315–17; VII, 2 (1910), section on ‘Imperial decrees’, p. 32.Google Scholar

91 Ibid., VII, 3 (1910), section on ‘Important news’, p. 66.

92 Memorial by the governor of Kiangsu on the Railway company, 2 December 1910, Ching-chi wai-chao shih-liao, reign of Hsuan -tung, 18: 1617.Google Scholar

93 Wo-chiu Chung-tzu, II, 186.Google Scholar

94 Jordan to Grey, 24 September 1914, F.O. 405, Vol. 217, No. 60. Text of the supplement agreements in MacMurray, I, 711–16.Google Scholar

95 These sums were considerable if we compare them with the average capital, in 1913, for a flour mill which was Chinese $30,000, and for a textile mill, Chinese $300,000 (Chen Chen, pp. 377–8).Google Scholar