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Epistemological Exercises: Encyclopedias of world cultural history in twentieth-century Japan
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 July 2020
Abstract
Encyclopedias are purportedly all-encompassing, authoritative presentations of information compiled mainly by experts for an audience of non-specialists. Believed to offer only universal ‘facts’, they have long been associated with objectivity. Yet, by arranging information into a usable form, encyclopedias inevitably convey particular ideologies and ideals. As a result, they offer a lens into the changing ‘truths’ upheld by or expected of readers. This article compares three successive, high-profile Japanese encyclopedias, each bearing the title Sekai bunkashi taikei [Encyclopedia of world cultural history]. Somewhat differently from today, the field of world cultural history purported to ‘objectively’ cover the widest relevant space (earth) and time (the human past). However, the specific concerns and commitments of world cultural historians changed greatly between the 1920s, when the first encyclopedia was published, and the 1960s, when the final volumes of the third series appeared. By looking closely at both the production and consumption of these texts, this article shows the deeply politicized ways in which ‘objective’ knowledge of the world was interpreted, implemented, marketed, and received by the Japanese public during the years of nation-building, imperial expansionism, and the Cold War.
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- Research Article
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- Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press
Footnotes
For helpful comments on earlier drafts of this article, I wish to thank Raja Adal, Jennifer Altehenger, Mary Elizabeth Berry, Corey Brooks, Fredy González, Rachel Leow, Reo Matsuzaki, Elizabeth McGuire, Saeyoung Park, Caroline Shaw, Seiji Shirane, Emily Wilcox, and the editors and anonymous reviewers of Modern Asian Studies. I am also grateful for feedback received while presenting the material at invited talks, workshops, and conferences at the Association for Asian Studies, Columbia University, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Trinity College (Connecticut), the University of Pennsylvania, and the University of Washington-Seattle. Funding for the initial phase of research was generously provided by a Japan Foundation short-term grant for the summer of 2013.
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