Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T10:05:55.388Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

English Free Traders and Indian Tariffs, 1874—96*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2008

Extract

Indian tariff policies, historians of British India have stressed, illustrated an economic determinism in imperialism, in which Manchester blatantly served its self-interest in generating exploitative policies. Ironically, the influential work of John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson, which indirectly qualified the idea of an imperialism that was solely economically motivated, has helped to produce a new view of British economic exploitation regarding Indian policy.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1971

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

†Department of History, The American University, Washington, D.C.
*

The author wishes to express appreciation to the American Institute of Indian Studies for a fellowship to India, under which the research for this article was completed.

References

1 Gallagher, John and Robinson, Ronald, ‘Imperialism of Free Trade’, The Economic History Review Second Series, vol. 6, no. 1 (1953).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

2 See particularly Harnetty, Peter, ‘The Indian Cotton Duties Controversy, 1894–96’, English Historical Review, vol. 77, no. 305 (1962);Google Scholar The Imperialism of Free Trade: Lancashire and the Indian Cotton Duties, 1859–62’, Economic History Review, Second Series, vol. 18, no. 2 (1965).Google Scholar

3 Dutt, R. C., The Economic History of India in the Victorian Age (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 7th ed., 1950) pp. 410–12.Google Scholar

4 For contemporary Indian views see, typically, National Archives of India, Report on Native Newspapers, Bombay, 0106 1879, p. 113;Google ScholarPubMed Bengal, January–June 1896, p. 131.Google Scholar

5 See, for example, Bombay Presidency, Selections from the Records, Old Series, No. 12 (Bombay: Education Society Press, 1853) p. 34.Google ScholarPubMed

6 Cotton Supply Association, Be Just to India, Prevent Famine and Cherish Commerce (Manchester: Cotton Supply Association, 1861) p. 23;Google Scholar Economist, vol. 15, p. 1231, 7 November 1857.Google Scholar

7 Manchester Guardian, 30 March 1858, p. 2.Google Scholar

8 India Office Library, Parliamentary Branch Collection, Cd. 179, Select Committee on East India Finance 1873, pp. 464–5, 483, 628.Google Scholar

9 India Office Library, Salisbury Papers, Salisbury to Northbrook, 11 December 1874.Google Scholar

10 India Office Library, Lytton Papers, Memo. by Lytton, , 9 March 1876.Google Scholar

11 Parlliamentary Branch Collection, Cd. 56, Papers on East India Tariffs, p. 3.Google Scholar

12 Ibid., p. 38.

13 Salisbury Papers, Salisbury to Northbrook, 11 December 1874.Google Scholar

14 Salisbury Papers, Northbrook to Salisbury, 26 February 1875.Google Scholar

15 Salisbury Papers, Northbrook to Salisbury, 4 March 1875.Google Scholar

16 Parliamentary Branch Collection, Cd. 56, p. 43.Google Scholar

17 Salisbury Papers, Salisbury to Northbrook, 6 August 1875.Google Scholar

18 Parliamentary Branch Collection, Cd. 179, p. 879.Google Scholar

19 Parliamentary Papers, 1893–4, Vol. LXV, Cd. 7060, p. 14.Google Scholar

20 Ibid., p. 15.

21 Parliamentary Branch Collection, Cd. 56, pp. 3, 66.Google Scholar

22 Salisbury Papers, Northbrook to Salisbury, 9 August 1875; Northbrook to Salisbury 30, August 1875.Google Scholar

23 Parliamentary Branch Collection, Cd. 56, pp. 3–4, 66.Google Scholar

24 Salisbury Papers, Northbrook to Salisbury, 25, February 1876.Google Scholar

25 Salisbury Papers, Salisbury to Northbrook, 12 June 1874.Google Scholar

26 Report on Native Newspapers, Bombay, 0106 1876, pp. 49, 51, 319.Google ScholarPubMed

27 Salisbury Papers, Salisbury to Lytton, 26 April 1877.Google Scholar

28 Salisbury Papers, Salisbury to Northbrook, 20 September 1875.Google Scholar

29 Salisbury Papers, Northbrook to Salisbury, 25 October 1875.Google Scholar

30 Lytton Papers, Memo. by Lytton, 9 March 1876.Google Scholar

31 Parliamentary Branch Collection, Cd. 56, pp. 69–70.Google Scholar

32 Salisbury Papers, Salisbury to Northbrook, 17 December 1875.Google Scholar

33 Lytton Papers, Memo. by Lytton, 9 March 1876.Google Scholar

35 Salisbury Papers, Northbrook to Salisbury, 12 September 1875.Google Scholar

36 Parliamentary Branch Collection, Cd. 515, Correspondence Regarding the East India Tariff Act of 1875, p. 25.Google Scholar

37 Ibid., pp. 32–9.

38 Salisbury Papers, Lytton to Salisbury, 11 April 1876.Google Scholar

39 Salisbury Papers, Lytton to Salisbury, 14 April 1876.Google Scholar

40 Parliamentary Branch Collection, Cd. 24, Further papers Relating to Import Duties, p. 7.

41 Salisbury Papers, Lytton to Salisbury, 14 April 1876.Google Scholar

42 Parliamentary Debates, Third Series, vol. 235, cols. 1091, 1101–02.Google Scholar

43 Ibid., cols. 1127–8.

44 Salisbury Papers, Salisbury to Strachey, 12 April 1877.Google Scholar

45 Salisbury Papers, Salisbury to Temple, 3 March 1876.Google Scholar

46 Salisbury Papers, Salisbury to Lytton, 5 December 1877.Google Scholar

47 Legislative Council Proceedings, 1878, pp. 47–8.Google Scholar

48 Legislative Council Proceedings, 1882, p. 223.Google Scholar

49 Ibid., pp. 223–4.

50 Lytton Papers, Hornby to Starkie, 7 February 1879.Google Scholar

51 The ‘count’ of cotton yarn is the number of hanks of 840 yards of that yarn which weigh one pound. A count of thirty, then, indicates a lighter, or finer yarn than a count of twenty.Google Scholar

52 Lytton Papers, Lytton to Cranbrook, 13 January 1879; Lytton to Cranbrook, 10 April 1879.Google Scholar

53 Parliamentary Branch Collection, Cd. 392, Papers on East India Cotton Duties, pp. 1–3.Google Scholar

54 Parliamentary Branch Collection, Cd. 241, Further Papers on East India Cotton Duties, pp. 2–4.Google Scholar

55 Ibid., p. 5.

56 Parliamentary Branch Collection, Cd. 392, pp. 3–4.Google Scholar

57 Report on Native Newspapers, Bombay, 0106 1878, pp. 59, 87–9.Google ScholarPubMed

58 Ibid., p. 61.

59 Report on Native Newspapers, Bombay, 0106 1879, pp. 113, 151, 217.Google ScholarPubMed

60 British Museum, Ripon Papers, Ripon to Hartington, 14, January 1882.Google Scholar

61 Legislative Council Proceedings, 1882, p. 329.Google Scholar

62 Ripon Papers, Hartington to Ripon, 11 November 1881.Google Scholar

63 Legislative Council Proceeding, 1882, p. 221.Google Scholar

64 Ibid., pp. 222–3.

65 Ripon Papers, Ripon to Hartington, 16 September 1881.Google Scholar

66 Ripon Papers, Ripon to Hartington, 12 February 1881.Google Scholar

67 Ripon Papers, Ripon to Hartington, 6 October 1881.Google Scholar

68 Legislative Council Proceeding, 1882, p. 256–8.Google Scholar

69 Ripon Papers, Ripon to Hartington, 6 October 1881.Google Scholar

70 Parliamentary Papers, 1900, vol. 39, Cd. 131, Final Report of the Royal Commission on the Administration of Expenditure in India, p. 34.Google Scholar

71 Report on Native Newspapers, Bombay, 0106 1882, pp. 187, 317, 319, 429, 431.Google ScholarPubMed

72 Legislative Council Proceeding, 1882, p. 295.Google Scholar

73 Ripon Papers, Ripon to Hartington, 29 April 1882.Google Scholar

74 India Office Library, Dufferin Papers, Kimberley to Dufferin, 17 April 1885.Google Scholar

75 Report on Native Newspapers, Bombay, 0106 1882, p. 315.Google ScholarPubMed

76 India Office Library, Lansdowne Papers, Kimberley to Lansdowne, 25, May 1893.Google Scholar

77 India Office Library, Elgin Papers, Secretary of State to Viceroy, 11 December 1894 (telegraphic correspondence); Fowler to Elgin, 21 December 1894.Google Scholar

78 Elgin Papers, Viceroy to Secretary of State, 2 January 1896; Secretary of State to Viceroy, 29 January 1896; Viceroy to Secretary of State, 6 February 1896 (telegraphic correspondence).Google Scholar

79 Report on Native Newspapers, Bombay, 0106 1879, p. 113;Google ScholarPubMed Dutt, , Economic History of India, pp. 410–12 and passim.Google Scholar

80 Parliamentary Papers, 1900, vol. 39, Cd. 131, p. 41.Google Scholar

81 Elgin Papers, Kimberley to Elgin, 25 May 1893.Google Scholar

82 Elgin Papers, Viceroy to Secretary of State, 28 January 1896; Viceroy to Secretary of State, 2 February 1896 (telegraphic correspondence).Google Scholar