Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T17:08:55.557Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Zeolitic alteration in the Tertiary Feres volcano-sedimentary basin, Thrace, NE Greece

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

I. Marantos ,
T. Markopoulos  and
G. E. Christidis
I. Marantos*
Affiliation:
Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration (I.G.M.E), 70 Messogion str, 115 27 Athens, Greece
T. Markopoulos
Affiliation:
Technical University of Crete, Department of Mineral Resources and Engineering, 73100 Chania, Greece
G. E. Christidis
Affiliation:
Technical University of Crete, Department of Mineral Resources and Engineering, 73100 Chania, Greece
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Tertiary volcano-sedimentary sequence of the Feres basin (Thrace, NE Greece), includes lavas of andesitic–rhyolitic composition as well as volcaniclastic rocks, pyroclastic flows and pyroclastic fall deposits principally of dacitic–rhyodacitic composition. The pyroclastic flow deposits frequently show intense devitrification, vapour-phase crystallization and evidence of fumarolic activity, which involves deposition of scapolite in pore spaces. The Feres basin can be subdivided on the basis of mineral alteration assemblages: (1) the Pefka region; characterized by intense hydrothermal alteration of the volcanic rocks and mineral zoning(silicic, argillic, sericitic and propylitic zones) with polymetallic mineralization, and (2) the remainder of the basin; where the volcaniclastic rocks are characterized by the alteration of volcanic glass to zeolites (clinoptilolite, heulandite, mordenite, analcime), clay minerals (smectite, illite, celadonite, chlorite), SiO2 polymorphs (cristobalite, opal-CT, quartz), K-feldspar and calcite. Laumontite is also present as an alteration product of plagioclase, with stilbite sporadically occurringin veinlets. Locally, rhyolites are also altered to zeolites (clinoptilolite and/or mordenite). The zeolitization process has occurred rapidly with the depositional environment, temperature, rate of cooling(of the volcanic rocks), nature and temperature of the mineral-forming fluids and composition of the parent material controllingthe formation of zeolites.

Keywords

Tertiary volcaniclasticsrhyoliteszeolitizationdevitrificationvapour-phase crystallizationzeoliteclinoptiloliteheulanditemordenitestilbitelaumontiteanalcime
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 71 , Issue 3 , June 2007 , pp. 327 - 345
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aleksiev, B. and Djourova, E.G. (1975) On the origin of zeolite rocks. Comptes rendus de l’Academie bulgare des Sciences, 28, 517–520.Google Scholar
Aleksiev, B., Djourova, E. and Milakovska-Vergilova, Z. (1997) Geology of the Oligocene zeolitic rocks in NE Rhodopes, Bulgaria: a review and new data Pp. 249–262 in: Natural Zeolites-Sofia’95 (Kirov, G., Filizova, L. and Petrov, O., editors). Pensoft, Sofia, Bulgaria.Google Scholar
Alietti, A. (1972) Polymorphism and crystal chemistry of heulandite and clinoptilolites. American Mineralogist, 57, 1448–1462.Google Scholar
Arikas, K. (1979) Geologische und petrographische untersuchungen in der umgebung Von Kirki (Thrazien, Griechenland). Mitteilungen des Geologisch-Palä ontologischen Instituts der Universität Hamburg, 49, 1–26.Google Scholar
Ballard, S., Carrigan, C. and McConnell, V.S. (1991) Shallow conductive-component of heat flow near Novarupta dome, Katmai, Alaska. Geophysical Research Letters, 18, 1529–1532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bargar, K.E. and Keith, T.E.C. (1995) Calcium zeolites in rhyolitic drill cores from Yellowstone national park, Wyoming Pp. 69–86 in: Natural Zeolites (Ming, D.W. and Mumpton, F.A., editors). International Committee on Natural Zeolites, Brockport, New York.Google Scholar
Boles, J.R. (1972) Composition, optical properties, cell dimensions and thermal stability of some heulandite group zeolites. American Mineralogist, 57, 1463–1493.Google Scholar
Broxton, D.E., Bish, D.L. and Warren, R.G. (1987) Distribution and chemistry of diagenetic minerals at Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada. Clays and Clay Minerals, 35, 89–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cas, R.A.F. and Wright, J.V. (1987) Volcanic Successions Modern and Ancient. Allen and Unwin, London 528 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheliotis, I. (1986) Geology, mineralization and rock geochemistry of a volcanic-sedimentary formation in the Xylagani-Maronia area, NE Greece. Unpublished MSc thesis, University of Leicester, UK. Google Scholar
Chipera, S.J. and Apps, J.A. (2001) Geochemical stability of natural zeolites Pp. 117–161 in: Natural Zeolites: Occurrence, Properties, Applications (Bish, D.L. and Ming, D.W., editors). Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 45. Mineralogical Society of America and The Geochemical Society, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Christidis, G. (2001) Formation and growth of smectites in bentonites: A case study from Kimolos Island, Aegean, Greece. Clays and Clay Minerals, 49, 3, 204–215 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coombs, D.S., Alberti, A., Armbruster, T., Artioli, G., Colella, C., Galli, E., Grice, J.D., Liebau, F., Mandarino, J.A., Minato, H., Nickel, E.H., Passaglia, E., Peacor, D.R., Quartieri, S., Rinaldi, R., Ross, M., Sheppard, R. A., Tillmans, E. and Vezzalini, G. (1997) Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals: report of the subcommittee on zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. The Canadian Mineralogist, 35, 1571–1606.Google Scholar
Dabovski, Ch., Harkovska, A., Kamenov, B., Mavrudchiev, B., Stanisheva-Vassileva, G. and Yanev, Y. (1991) A geodynamic model of the Alpine magmatism in Bulgaria. Geologica Balcanica, 21, 3–15.Google Scholar
Del Moro, A., Innocenti, F., Kyriakopoulos, K., Manetti, P. and Papadopoulos, P. (1988) Tertiary granitoids from Thrace (Northern Greece): Sr isotopic and petrochemical data. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Abhandlugen, 159, 113–135.Google Scholar
Flood, P.G. and Taylor, J.C. (1991) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the late Carboniferous zeolitites, near Werris Creek, New South Wales, Australia. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Monatshefte, 49–62.Google Scholar
Fytikas, M., Innocenti, F., Manetti, P., Mazzouli, P., Peccerillo, A., Villari, L. (1984) Tertiary to Quaternary evolution of volcanism in the Aegean region Pp. 687–699 in: The Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean (Dixon, J.E. and Robertson, A.H.F, editors). Special Publication, 17, Geological Society, London.Google Scholar
Ghent, E.D. and Miller, B.E. (1974) Zeolite and claycarbonate assemblages in the Blairmore Group (Cretaceous) Southern Alberta Foothills, Canada. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 44, 313–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottardi, G. (1989) The genesis of zeolites. European Journal of Mineralogy, 1, 479–489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottardi, G. and Galli, E. (1985) Natural Zeolites. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 409 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Güven, N. (1988) Smectite Pp. 497–559 in: Hydrous Phyllosilicates (Exclusive Micas) (Bailey, S.W., editor). Reviews in Mineralogy, 19, Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Hall, A. (1997) Large eruptions and large zeolite deposits.Zeolite ’97, 5th International Conference on the Occurrence, Properties and Utilization of Natural Zeolite. Program and Abstracts, 26–28 pp.Google Scholar
Hall, A. (1998) Zeolitization of volcaniclastic sediments: the role of temperature and pH. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 68, 739–745.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, A. (2000) Large eruptions and large zeolite deposits Pp. 161–175 in: Natural Zeolites for the Third Millennium (Colella, C. and Mumpton, F.A., editors). A. De Frede Editore, Naples, Italy.Google Scholar
Hawkins, D.B. (1981) Kinetics of glass dissolution and zeolite formation under hydrothermal conditions. Clays and Clay Minerals, 29, 331–340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hay, R.L. (1966) Zeolite and zeolite reactions in sedimentary rocks. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 85, 130.Google Scholar
Henri, P., Guy, C., Cattin, R., Sornein, J.F. and Caristan, Y. (1996) A convective model of water flow in Mururoa basalts. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60, 2087–2105.Google Scholar
Hernandez, J.E.G., Notario del Pino, J.S., Gonzalez Martin, M.M., Hernan Reguera, F. and Rodriguez Losada, J.A. (1993) Zeolites in pyroclastic deposits in southeastern Tenerife (Canary Islands). Clays and Clay Minerals, 41, 521–526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iijima, A. (1978) Geological occurrence of zeolite in marine environments Pp. 175–198 in: Natural Zeolites: Occurrence, Properties, Use (Sand, L.B. and Mumpton, F.A., editors). Pergamon Press, London.Google Scholar
Iizima, A. and Ogihara, S. (1995) Temperature-time relationships of zeolitic reactions duringbur ial diagenesis in marine sequences Pp. 259–269 in: Natural Zeolites ’93, Occurrence, Properties, Use (Minga, D.W. nd Mumpton, F.A., editors). International Committee on Natural Zeolites, Brockport, New York.Google Scholar
Innocenti, F., Kolios, N., Manetti, P., Mazzuoli, R., Peccerilo, A., Rita, F. and Villari, L. (1984) Evolution and geodynamic significance of the Tertiary orogenic volcanism in NE Greece. Bulletin of Volcanology, 47, 25–37.Google Scholar
Ioakim, Ch. (1982a) Stratigraphic study of the drill-hole Delta-Evros I. In: Geological Report of Delta Evros (I.D. Syrakopopoulos), D.E.P. Internal report.Google Scholar
Ioakim, Ch. (1982b) Stratigraphic study of the drill-hole Delta-Evros II. In: Geological Report of Delta Evros – 2 (A. Katsaounis), D.E.P. Internal report.Google Scholar
Jacobshagen, V. (1977) Structure and Geotectonic Evolution of the Hellenides. Athens, VI colloqium on the geology of the Aegean Region, 1355–1367.Google Scholar
Karafoti, M. and Arikas, K. (1990) Petrography and geochemistry of Tertiary volcanic rocks between Lutra and Fere (Thrace, Northeastern Greece). Geologica Rhodopica, 2, 227–240.Google Scholar
Kassoli-Fournaraki, A., Stamatakis, M., Hall, A., Filippidis, A., Michailidis, K., Tsirambides, A. and Koutles, Th. (2000) The Ca-rich clinoptilolite deposit of Pentalofos, Thrace, Greece Pp. 193–202 in: Natural Zeolite for the Third Millennium (Collela, C. and Mumpton, F.A., editors). DeFreda Editore, Naples, Italy.Google Scholar
Kirov, G., Fillipides, A., Tsirambides, A., Tzvetanov, R. and Kassoli-Fournaraki, A. (1990) Zeolite bearing rocks in Petrota area (Eastern Rhodope Massif, Greece). Geologica Rhodopica, 2, 500–511.Google Scholar
Kirov, G.N., Pechigargov, V. and Landzheva, E. (1979) Experimental crystallization of volcanic glasses in a thermal gradient field. Chemical Geology, 26, 17–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koshiaris, G., Karantassi, S. and Gregoriades, G. (1987) Zeolite Occurrences in West Thrace. I.G.M.E. Internal report, 30 pp.Google Scholar
Koshiaris, G., Marantos, I., Tsirambides, A., Stamatakis, M.G., Kassoli-Fournaraki, A. and Filippidis, A. (2002) Zeolite ’02.Guide for the Post-Conference Field Trip to the Zeolite Deposits of Thrace (N.E. Greece), 24 pp.Google Scholar
Kristmannsdottir, H. and Tomasson, J. (1978) Zeolites in geothermal areas, Iceland Pp. 227–284 in: Natural Zeolites (Sand, L.B. and Mumpton, F.A., editors), Pergamon Press, London.Google Scholar
Levy, S.S. and O’Neil, J.R. (1989) Moderate-temperature zeolitic alteration in a coolingpyroclastic deposit. Chemical Geology, 76, 321–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liati, A. (1986) Regional Metamorphism and Overprinting of the Rhodope Zone, near Xanthi, (N.Greec e). PhD thesis, University of Braunschweig, Germany, 186 pp.Google Scholar
Magganas, A. C. (1988) Mineralogical, petrological and geochemical study of metabasic and metaultrabasic rocks of the Circum-Rhodope belt in Thrace. PhD thesis, University of Athens, Greece, 405 pp.Google Scholar
Marantos, I. (2004) Study of the Tertiary volcanic rocks alteration in the Feres basin of Evros prefecture, emphasizing on the genesis of zeolites and their possible applications. PhD thesis, Technical University of Crete, Department of Mineral Research Engineering, Chania, Greece.Google Scholar
Marantos, I. and Perdikatsis, V. (1994) Study of mineralogy, dehydration/rehydration, cation-exchange capacity of zeolitic tuffs of Petrota- Pentalofos area (Orestias basin), Evros county, NE Greece. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 30, 311–321.Google Scholar
Marantos, I., Kosharis, G., Karantassi, S. and Gregoriades, G. (1989) A study on zeolitic alteration of Tertiary pyroclastics from Metaxades area, Evros county, Greece. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 23, 443–450.Google Scholar
Marantos, I., Kosharis, G., Perdikatsis, V., Karantassi, S., Michael, C. and Papadopoulos, P. (1997) A preliminary study on the zeolitic tuffs in the Komotini-Sappes Tertiary basin, W. Thrace, NE Greece Pp. 276–281 in: Natural Zeolites – Sofia Zeolite Meeting ‘95 (Kirov, G., Filizova, L. and Petrov, O., editors). Pensoft, Sofia.Google Scholar
Marantos, I., Kosharis, G., Perdikatsis, V. and Karantassi, S. (2000) Study on the Zeolitic Tuffs of Skaloma Area, Rodopi Prefecture, Thrace. I.G.M.E. Internal report, 56 pp.Google Scholar
Marantos, I., Kosharis, G., Perdikatsis, V., Karantassi, S. and Economou, G. (2002) Zeolitic alteration tuffs in the Skaloma-Darmeni-Nikites-Nea Santa area, Komotini Tertiary basin, Thrace, NE Greece. P. 200 in: Zeolite ’02, 6th International Conference on the Occurrence, Properties and Utilization of Natural Zeolites, Abstracts, (Misaelides, P., editor).Google Scholar
Marantos, I., Koshiaris, G., Karantassi, S., Perdikatsis, V. and Christidis, G. (2004) Preliminary study of altered Tertiary volcaniclastic rocks in the area of Asproula, Nea Santa, Rodopi perfecture, Thrace, NE Greece. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 35, 454–463.Google Scholar
Mariner, R.H. and Surdam, R.C. (1970) Alkalinity and formation of zeolites in saline alkaline lakes. Science, 170, 977–980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michael, C., Katirtzoglou, C., Perdikatsis, V. and Constantinides, D. (1989) The polymetallic mineralization of the Pefka area, Evros county, Greece. Geologica Rhodopica, 1, 322–329.Google Scholar
Mposkos, E. (1989) High pressure metamorphism in gneisses and pelitic schists in the East Rhodope Zone (N. Greece). Mineralogy and Petrology, 41, 25–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mposkos, E. and Liati, A. (1993) Metamorphic evolution of metapelites in the high-pressure terrane of the Rhodope zone, Northern Greece. The Canadian Mineralogist, 31, 401–424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Papadopoulos, P. (1980) Geological map of Greece, sheet Ferres, (scale 1:50.000), I.G.M.E. Google Scholar
Pecskay, Z., Eleftheriadis, G., Koroneos, A., Soldatos T. and Christofides, G. (2003) K/Ar dating, geochemistry and evolution of Tertiary volcanic rocks (Thrace, Northeastern Greece) Pp. 1229–1232 in: Mineral Exploration and Sustainable Development (Eliopoulos, D. editor). Mill press, Rotterdam, Netherlands.Google Scholar
Polgari, M., Forizs, I., Mathe, Z., Toth, M. and Pecsi- Donath, E. (1997) Geoautoclave-type zeolitization in the Miocene rhyolite tuff, Mecsek Mts, SW Hungary Pp. 227–240 in: Natural Zeolites - Sofia ’95 (Kirov, G., Filizova, L. and Petrov, O., editors). Pensoft, Sofia.Google Scholar
Raynov, N., Popov, N., Yanev, Y., Petrova, P., Popova, T., Hristova, V., Atanasova, R. and Zankarska, R. (1997) Geological, mineralogical and technological characteristics of zeolitized (clinoptilolitized) tuff deposits in the Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria Pp. 263–275 in: Natural zeolites – Sofia ’95 (Kirov, G., Filizova, L. and Petrov, O., editors). Pensoft, Sofia.Google Scholar
Seki, Y. (1973) Ionic substitution and stability of mordenite. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 79, 669–676.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seki, Y., Oki, Y., Matsuda, T. and Ozawa, K. (1972) Stability of mordenite in zeolite facies metamorphism of the Oyama-Isehara district, east Tanzawa Mts, Central Japan. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 78, 145–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheppard, R.A. and Hay, R.L. (2001) Formation of zeolites in open hydrologic systems Pp. 261–276 in: Natural Zeolites: Occurrence, Properties, Applications (Bish, D.L. and Ming, D.W., editors). Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 45. Mineralogical Society of America and The Geochemical Society, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Sheridan, M.F. (1970) Fumarolic mounds and ridges of the Bishop tuff, California. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 81, 851–868.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skarpelis, N. and Marantos, I. (1987) Zeolitic alteration of Oligocene volcanics, Dadia-Lefkimi area, W. Thrace, Greece. First Bulgarian-Greek Symposium, Smolen, Abstracts, p. 104.Google Scholar
Skarpelis, N., Marantos, I. and Christidis, G. (1993) Zeolites in Oligocene volcanic rocks, Dadia-Lefkimi area, Thrace, Northern Greece: mineralogy and cation-exchange properties. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 28, 305.Google Scholar
Smith, R.L. (1960a) Ash Flows. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 71, 795–842.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, R.L. (1960b) Zones and zonal variations in welded ash flows. US Geological Survey Professional Paper, 354F, F149–F159.Google Scholar
Solakius, N. and Tsapralis, V. (1987) Micropaleontological and Stratigraphic Analysis of the Oligocene of Thrace, Greece. Unpublished Report of the I.G.M.E. (in greek).Google Scholar
Środoń, J. (1980) Precise identification of illite/smectite interstratifications by X-ray powder diffraction. Clays and Clay Minerals, 28, 401–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stamatakis, M., Hall, A. and Hein, J.R. (1997) The zeolite deposits of Greece. Mineralium Deposita, 31, 473–481.Google Scholar
Stamatakis, M., Hall, A., Lutat, U. and Walsh, J.N. (1998) Mineralogy, origin and commercial value of the zeolite-rich tuffs in the Petrota-Pentalofos area, Evros county, Greece. Estudios Geologicos, 54, 3–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Surdam, R.C. and Parker, R.D. (1972) Authigenic aluminosilicate minerals in tuffaceous rocks of the Green River formation, Wyoming. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 83, 689–700.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, N., Jaupart, C. and Vergniolle, S. (1994) On the vesicularity of pumice. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 15633–15644.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsirambides, A. and Trontsios, G. (1993) Study of interstratified clay phases of Palaeogene sediments from the Evros delta. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 28, 55–67.(in Greek with English summary).Google Scholar
Tsirambides, A., Kassoli-Fournaraki, A., Filippidis, A. and Soldatos, K. (1989) Preliminary results on clinoptilolite containingvolcani clastic sediments from Metaxades area, NE Greece. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 23, 451–460.Google Scholar
Tsirambides, A., Filippidis, A. and Kassoli-Fournaraki, A. (1993) Zeolitic alteration of Eocene volcaniclastic sediments at Metaxades area, Thrace, Greece. Applied Clay Science, 7, 509–526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsolis-Katagas, P. and Katagas, C. (1990) Zeolitic diagenesis of Oligocene pyroclastic rocks of the Metaxades area, Thrace, Greece. Mineralogical Magazine, 54, 95–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Velde, B. and Iijima, A. (1988) Comparison of clay and zeolite mineral occurrences in Neogene age sediments from several deep wells. Clays and Clay Minerals, 36, 337–342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yanev, Y., Innocenti, F., Manetti, P. and Serri, G. (1998) Upper Eocene-Oligocene collision-related volcanism in Eastern Rhodope (Bulgaria)-Western Thrace (Greece): Petrographic Affinity and Geodynamic Significance. Acta Vulcanologica, 10, 279–291.Google Scholar
Yanev, Y., Cocheme, J.J., Ivanova, R., Grauby, O., Burlet, E. and Pravchanska, R. (2006) Zeolites and zeolitization of acid pyroclastic rocks from paroxysmal Paleogene volcanism, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Abhandlungen, 182, 265–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar