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Synmetamorphic Variscan siderite mineralisation of the Rhenish Massif, Central Europe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

Ulrich F. Hein
Ulrich F. Hein*
Affiliation:
Institut für Geologic und Dynamik der Lithosphäre, Goldschmidstr. 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Abstract

The Rhenohercynian thrust- and fold-belt of Central Europe hosts a syn- to post-kinematic Variscan vein mineralisation, which is restricted to the Rhenish Massif, Germany. It is formed during four major stages and siderite is the principal ore mineral of the 'main stage'. The latter can be traced throughout the massif, but is mainly developed in the Siegerland district as synkinematic lodes which are hosted by low-grade metamorphic pelites of Lower Devonian age.

Fluid inclusion studies prove large-scale homogeneous ore forming fluids of low salinity (≤5 wt.% NaCI equiv.) and Na(-K > -Fe ≫ Mg)-C1 composition, which are CO2 undersaturated (XCO2 = 0.003-0.1). Siderite precipitation at 220−≤320°C and 0.7-1.4 kbar can be deduced by microthermometry, chlorite themometry, REE fractionation and experimental data. Thereby the maximum formation temperature comes close to or even exceeds the peak metamorphic temperature. From Mn contents and δ13C-δ18O variation of siderite a trend is apparent in which formation temperatures gradually decrease from S.E. to N.W. across the belt. This trend correlates with decreasing degree of host-rock deformation and decreasing metamorphic grade. Fluid composition as well as stable isotopes and REE fractionation of siderite point to ore-forming solutions, which were generated and equilibrated at depth during prograde metamorphism.

Structural characteristics of the lodes, age determinations, and P-T estimations prove fluid ascent and siderite precipitation during and/or immediately after peak metamorphism predating the postkinematic magmatism of the Rhenohercynian belt. Main(-siderite)-stage mineralisation of the Rhenish Massif is classified as metamorphogeneous.

Keywords

sideritefluid inclusionsREE fractionationRhemish MassifGermany
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 57 , Issue 388 , September 1993 , pp. 451 - 467
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1993

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