Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T02:18:47.942Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Serra do Bueno potassic diatreme: a possible hypabyssal equivalent of the ultramafic alkaline volcanics in the Late Cretaceous Alto Paranaίba Igneous Province, SE Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

S. A. Gibson ,
R. N. Thompson ,
O. H. Leonardos ,
S. E. Turner ,
J. G. Mitchell  and
A. P. Dickin
S. A. Gibson
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
R. N. Thompson
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
O. H. Leonardos
Affiliation:
Departmento de Geoquimica e Recursos Minerais, Instituto de Geociencias, Universidade de Brasilia, 70910 Brasilia DF, Brazil
S. E. Turner
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
J. G. Mitchell
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, The University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
A. P. Dickin
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M 1, Canada
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Cretaceous, strongly alkaline mafic igneous provinces occur around the margins of the Ordovician to Cretaceous Paraná sedimentary basin of southern Brazil. The Serra do Bueno diatreme is situated in the southern portion of the largest of these alkaline provinces, the Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province in Minas Gerais. The well-exposed diatreme crops out close to the south-west surface limit of the São Francisco craton and is adjacent to several other poorly exposed ultramafic alkaline pipes, previously described variously as kimberlites (Barbosa, 1991) and lamproites (Ramsay and Tompkins, in press). The diatreme has two distinct facies: (1) a crater facies dominated by lapilli tuffs; and (2) a magmatic hypabyssal facies formed by a relatively fresh ultramafic (MgO = 15 wt.%) potassic (K2O/Na2O = ∼ 1.5) intrusion that contains xenoliths of meta-sediments, feldspathic gneiss and dunite. It is massive and porphyritic, with large olivine phenocrysts (Fo87) and smaller crystals of diopside (Ca50Mg44Fe6), phlogopite, perovskite, ilmenite and zeolites in a fine-grained groundmass that contains altered leucite and up to 20% devitrified glass. The Serra do Bueno intrusion shows a strong enrichment in light relative to heavy rare earth elements, with La/Yb of ∼85. Its initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.705176) and 143Nd/144Nd (0.512312) isotopic ratios are similar to those of other intrusions (e.g. Limeira 2) and lavas (e.g. Presidente Olegário) in the Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province. This suggests that these Late Cretaceous alkaline magmas were all derived from a similar source, predominantly within the subcontinental lithospheric mantle.

Laser 40Ar/39Ar analyses have yielded an isochron of 90 ± 4 Ma for the Serra do Bueno intrusion. This age is higher than the corresponding K/Ar bulk-rock age for the same sample but similar to K/Ar ages determined on mica separates from both intrusive and extrusive rocks in the Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province.

Keywords

diatremepotassiumalkaline volcanicsSerra do BuenoBrazil
Type
Petrology
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 58 , Issue 392 , September 1994 , pp. 357 - 373
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Almeida, F. F. M. de, (1967) Origem e evolucao da Plataforma Brasileira. Divisao de Geologia e Mineralogia D.N.P.M., Bol. 241, 36 pp.Google Scholar
Almeida, F. F. M. de, Hasui, Y., Davino, A. and Haralyi, N. L. E. (1980) Informacoes geofisicas sobre o oeste mineiro e seu significado geotecto-nica. Anais Acad. Bras. Cienc, Rio de Janeiro, 52, 46–60.Google Scholar
Barbosa, O., Braun, O. P. G., Dyer, R. C. and Cunha, C. A. B. R. (1970) Geologia da Regiao do Triangulo Mineiro. D.N.P.M., Bol. 136, 140 pp.Google Scholar
Barbosa, O. (1991) Diamante no Brasil: Historico, occurrencia prospeccao e lavra, Brasilia, CPRM, 136 pp.Google Scholar
Bellieni, G., Comin-Chiarmonti, P., Marques, L. S., Melfi, A. J., Piccillero, E. M., Nardy, A. J. R., Roisenberg, A. and Stolfa, D. (1986) Petrogenetic aspects of acid and basaltic lavas from the Parana plateau (Brazil): mineralogical and petrochemical relationships. J. Petrol., 27, 915–44.Google Scholar
Bizzi, L. A., Smith, C. B., Meyer, H. O. A., Amstrong R. and De Wit, M. J. (1991) Mesozoic kimberlites and related rocks in southwestern Sao Francisco craton, Brazil: A case for local mantle reservoirs and their interaction. Extended Abstracts, 5th Intern. Kimb. Conf., Araxd. Google Scholar
Carlson, R. W. (1991) Physical and chemical evidence on the cause and source characteristics of flood basalt volcanism. Austral. J. Earth Sci., 38, 525–44.Google Scholar
Costa, M. T. and Sad, J. H. G. (1968) O Cretaceo em Minas Gerais. In Anais 22 Congr Brasil. Geologia, Belo Horizonte.Google Scholar
Cundari, A. and Ferguson, A. K. (1982) Significance of the pyroxene chemistry from leucite bearing and related assemblages. Tschermaks Mineral. Petrol. Mitteil, 30, 189–204.Google Scholar
Davies, G. R. and Lloyd, F. E. (1989) Pb-Sr-Nd isotope and trace element data bearing on the origin of the potassic subcontinental lithosphere beneath south-west Uganda. In Proceedings 4th Intern. Kimb. Conf., Perth, Geol. Soc. Austral. Spec. Publ. (J. Ross, ed.), 785-94.Google Scholar
Danni, J. C. M., Gaspar, J. C.and Gonzaga, G. M. (1991) The Fazenda Alaginha Intrusion, Tres Ranchos, Goias. In Field Guidebook. 5th Intern. Kimb. Conf., Araxa, (Leonardos, O. H., Meyer, H. O. A. and Gaspar, J. C., eds.), CPRM Spec. Publ. 3/91, 31–5.Google Scholar
Dawson, J. B. (1980) Kimberlites and Their Xenoliths. Springer-Verlag, New York, 252 pp.Google Scholar
Dawson, J. B. and Smith, J. V. (1977) The MARID (mica-amphibole-rutile-ilmenite-diopside) suite of xenoliths in kimberlite. Geochim. Cosmochim. Ada, 41, 309–23.Google Scholar
Edgar, A. D. (1987) The genesis of alkaline magmas with emphasis on their source regions: inferences from experimental studies. In Alkaline Igneous Rocks, (J. G. Fitton and B. G. J. Upton, eds.), Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 30, Blackwell, Oxford, 29-52.Google Scholar
Ellam, R. M. and Cox, K. G. (1991) An interpreta-tion of Karoo picrite basalts in terms of interaction between asthenospheric magmas and mantle lithosphere. Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett., 105, 330–42.Google Scholar
Foley, S. F., Venturelli, G., Green, D. H. and Toscani, L. (1987) The ultrapotassic rocks: characteristics, classification and constraints for petrogenetic models. Earth Sci. Rev., 24, 81–134.Google Scholar
Fraser, K. J. (1988) Petrogenesis of kimberlites from South Africa and lamproites from western Australia and North America. Unpubl. Ph.D. thesis, Open Univerity, UK.Google Scholar
Gibson, S. A., Thompson, R. N., Leonardos, O. H., Dickin, A. P. and Mitchell, J. G. (in press) The Late Cretaceous impact of the Trindade mantle plume: evidence from large-volume, mafic, potas-sic magmatism in SE Brazil. J. Petrol. Google Scholar
Hawkesworth, C. J., Gallagher, K., Kelley, S., Mantovani, M. S. M., Peate, D. W., Regelous, M. and Rogers, N. W. (1992) Parana magmatism and the opening of the south Atlantic. In Magmatism and the Causes of Continental Breakup (B. C. Storey, T. Alabaster and R. J. Pankhurst, eds.) Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., 68, 221–40.Google Scholar
Hawkesworth, C. J., Mantovani, M. S. M. and Peate, D. W. (1988) Lithosphere remobilisation during Parana CFB magmatism. In Oceanic and con-tinental lithosphere similarities and differences (K. G. Cox and M. A. Menzies, eds.) J. PetroL Spec. Vol. 205-33.Google Scholar
Hawkesworth, C. J., Mantovani, M. S. M., Taylor, P. N. and Palacz, Z. (1986) Evidence from the Parana of south Brazil for a continental contribu-tion to Dupal basalts. Nature, 322, 356–9.Google Scholar
Hawkesworth, C. J. and Vollmer, R. (1979) Crustal contamination versus mantle enrichment, 143Nd/144Nd and 87Sr/86Sr evidence from Italian volcanics. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 69, 151–65.Google Scholar
Ito, E., White, W. M. and Gopel, C. (1987) The O, Sr, Nd and Pb isotope geochemistry of MORB. Chem. Geol., 62, 157–76.Google Scholar
Jaques, A. L., Lewis, J. D. and Smith C. B. (1986) The kimberlites and lamproites of Western Australia. Geol. Surv. Western Austral. Bull., 132, 268 pp.Google Scholar
Leonardos, O. H., Carvalho, J. B., Tallarico, F. H. B., Gibson, S. A., Thompson, R. N., Meyer, H. O. A. and Dickin, A. P. (1993) O xenolito de granada lherzolito de Tres Ranchos 4: uma rocha matriz do diamante na provincia magmatica cretassica do Alto Paranaiba, Goias. Proc. 1 Simposio Brasilieiro de Geologia do Diamante, Cuiaba. 3-16.Google Scholar
Leonardos, O. H. and Meyer, H. O. A. (1991) Geology of Western Minas Gerais. In Field Guidebook. 5th Intern. Kimb. Conf., Araxd, (Leonardos, O. H., Meyer, H. O. A. and Gaspar, J. C., eds.), CPRM Spec. Publ. 3/91, 17-24.Google Scholar
Leonardos, O. H., Ulbrich, M. N. and Gaspar, J. C. (1991) The Mata da Corda volcanic rocks. In Field Guidebook. 5th Intern. Kimb. Conf., Araxd, (Leonardos, O. H., Meyer, H. O. A. and Gaspar, J. C., eds.), CPRM Spec. Publ. 3/91, 17-24.Google Scholar
Lorenz, V. (1985) Maars and diatremes of phreato-magmatic origin: a review. Trans. Geol. S. Afr., 88, 459–70.Google Scholar
Marsh, J. S. (1987) Basalt geochemistry and tectonic discrimination within continental flood basalt Provinces. J. Volcanol. Geother. Res., 32, 35–49.Google Scholar
McDonough, W. F. (1990) Constraints on the composition of the continental lithospheric mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 101, 1–18.Google Scholar
Meyer, H. O. A., Garwood, B. L. and Svisero, D. P. (1991) The Pantano Intrusion. In Field Guidebook. 5th Intern. Kimb. Conf., Araxd, (Leonardos, O. H., Meyer, H. O. A. and Gaspar, J. C., eds.), CPRM Spec. Publ. 3/91, 59–63.Google Scholar
Meyer, H. O. A., and Svisero, D. P. (1991) Limeira and Indaia Intrusions, Minas Gerais. In Field Guidebook. 5th Intern. Kimb. Conf., Araxd, (Leonardos, O. H., Meyer, H. O. A. and Gaspar, J. C., eds.), CPRM Spec. Publ. 3/91, 49-55.Google Scholar
Mitchell, R. H. and Bergman, S. C. (1991) Petrology of Lamproites. Plenum, New York, 447 pp.Google Scholar
Moraes, L. G, Seer, H. J., Fogaca, A. C. C, Sgarbi, P. B. A. and Sgarbi, G. N. L. (1986) Geologia das unidades cretaceas da area compreendida entre Lagoa Formosa e Carmo do Paranaiba, M.G. In 34 Congr. Brasil. Geol. (Goiania), Anais, 1, 337–45.Google Scholar
Peate, D. W., Hawkesworth, C. J. and Mantovani, M. S. M. (1990) Mantle plumes and flood basalt stratigraphy in the Parana, South America. Geology, 18, 1223–6.Google Scholar
Piccillero, E. M., Melfi, A. J., Comin-Chiarmonti, P., Bellieni, G., Ernesto, M., Marques, L. S., Nardy, A. J. R., Pacca, I. G., Roisenberg, A. and Stolfa, D. (1988) In Continental Flood Basalts (J. D. MacDougal, ed.). Kluwer Acad. Publ., 195-238.Google Scholar
Pires, R. M. (1986) The southern limits of the Sao Francisco craton. Academia Brasiliera dc Ciencias, 58, 139–45.Google Scholar
Ramsay, R. R. and Tompkins, L. A. (in press) The geology, heavy mineral concentrate mineralogy, and diamond prospectivity of the Boa Esperanca and Cana Verde pipes, Conrrego D'Anta, Minas Gerais, Brazil. In Proceedings 5th Intern. Kimb. Conf, Araxd, (Meyer, H. O. A. and Leonardos, O. H., eds.), CPRM Spec. Publ. 10.Google Scholar
Rogers, N. W., Hawkesworth, C. J., Parker, R. J. and Marsh, J. S. (1985) The geochemistry of potassic lavas from Vulsini, central Italy and implications for mantle enrichment processes beneath the Roman region. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 90, 244–57.Google Scholar
Sahama, T. G. (1974) Potassium-rich alkaline rocks. In The Alkaline Rocks (H. Sorensen, ed.). Wiley, New York, 96-109.Google Scholar
Schobbenhaus, C, Campos, D. A., Derze, G. R. and Asmus, H. E. (1984) Geologia do Brasil. D.N.P.M., 501 pp.Google Scholar
Scott-Smith, B. H., Skinner, E. M. W. and Loney, P. E. (1989) The Kapamba lamproites of the Luangwa valley, Eastern Zambia. In Proceedings 4th Mem. Kimb. Conf, Perth (J. Ross, ed.), Geol. Soc. Austral. Spec. Publ, 1, 189–205.Google Scholar
Seer, H. J., Moraes, L. C. and Fogaca, A. C. C. (1989) Roteiro geologia para regiao de Lagoa Formosa-Chumbo-Carmo do Paranaiba, MG. Soc. Brasil. Geologia, Nucleo Minas Gerais, Bol. 9, 58 pp.Google Scholar
Smith, C. B. (1983) Pb, Sr and Nd isotope evidence for sources of southern African Cretaceous kimberlites. Nature, 304, 51–4.Google Scholar
Smith, J. V., Breenesholtz, R. and Dawson, J. B. (1978) Chemistry of micas from kimberlites and xenoliths 1. Micaceous kimberlites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Ada, 42, 959–71.Google Scholar
Smith, C. B. and Lorenz, V. (1989) Volcanology of the Ellendale lamproite pipes, Western Australia. In Proceedings 4th Intern. Kimb. Conf, Perth (J. Ross, ed.), Geol. Soc. Austral. Spec. Publ., 1, 505–19.Google Scholar
Steiger, R.H. and Jager, E. (1977) Convention on the use of decay constants in geo-and cosmochronol-ogy. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 86, 359–62.Google Scholar
Svisero, D., Meyer, H. O. A., Haralyi, N. L. E. and Hasui, Y. (1984) A note on the geology of some Brazilian kimberlites. J. Geol, 92, 331–8.Google Scholar
Thompson, R. N. and Gibson, S. A. (1991) Subcontinental mantle plumes, hotspots and pre-existing thinspots. J. Geol. Soc. Lond., 148, 973–7Google Scholar
Thompson, R. N., Leat, P. T., Morrison, M. A., Hendry, G. L. and Gibson, S. A. (1990) Strongly potassic mafic magmas from lithospheric mantle sources during continental extension and heating: evidence from Miocene minettes of northwest Colorado U.S.A. Earth Planet. Sci.. Lett., 98, 139–53.Google Scholar
Thompson, R. N., Morrison, M. A., Hendry, G. L. and Parry, S. J. (1984) An assessent of the relative roles of crust and mantle in magma genesis: an elemental approach. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Land., A310, 549–90.Google Scholar
Tompkins, L. (1991) Kimberlite structural environ-ments and diamonds in Brazil. Extended Ab-stracts, 5th Intern. Kimb. Conf, Araxd, 426-8.Google Scholar
Ulbrich, H. H. G. J. and Gomes, C. B. (1981) Alkaline rocks from continental Brazil. Earth Sci. Rev., 17, 135–54.Google Scholar
Vollmer, R., Ogden, P. R., Schilling, J. G., Kingsley, R. H. and Waggoner, D. G. (1984) Nd and Sr isotopes in ultrapotassic volcanic rocks from the Leucite Hills, Wyoming. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 87, 359–68.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, P., Mitchell, J. G., Cattermole, P. J. and Downie, C. (1986) Volcanic chronology of the Meru-Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania. J. Geol. Soc. Lond., 143, 601–5.Google Scholar
Zalan, P. V., Wolfs, S., Conceiceo, J. C. de J., Astolifi, M. A. M., Vicini, I. S., Appis, V. T. and Zannotto O. A. (1987) Tectonics and sedimcnta-lion in the Parana Basin. In Anais III Simposio Sul Brasil. de Geologia, Curitiba, 30—3.Google Scholar