Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T14:07:10.598Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Zinc immobilization by zerovalent Fe: surface chemistry and mineralogy of reaction products

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

R. B. Herbert Jr.
R. B. Herbert Jr.*
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, S – 753 26 Uppsala, Sweden
*
* E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In bioreactor systems for the treatment of metal-contaminated water, pretreatment with zerovalent Fe can be exploited for oxygen consumption and H2 production. In this study, a column experiment is used to investigate the changes in surface chemistry and solid phase products that result from the reaction of a Zn-sulphate-lactate solution with zerovalent Fe filings. The results of this study indicate that zerovalent Fe is very effective in immobilizing dissolved Zn with a porewater residence time of 1.3 –3.1 days. A combination of X-ray diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and mineral equilibria calculations indicates that Zn precipitates as Zn(OH)2 and zincite at pH 9 –10. At pH ≈6, Zn primarily adsorbs to abundant ferric oxyhydroxides, although incorporation in green rust is also considered. During the course of the experiment, the surface mineralogy changes from magnetitelepidocrocite- goethite to green rust-akaganéite-goethite. The results suggest that the zerovalent Fe surface becomes passivated by a surface film of ferric oxyhydroxides, green rust and organic material, so that the rate of electron transfer and proton consuming reactions (i.e. oxygen consumption, H2 generation) declines, resulting in a decrease in solution pH.

Keywords

zinc immobilizationzerovalent Fegroundwater treatmentmetal contamination
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 67 , Issue 6 , December 2003 , pp. 1285 - 1298
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Blowes, D.W., Ptacek, C.J. and Jambor, J.L. (1997) In-situ remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated ground-water using permeable reactive walls: Laboratory studies. Environmental Science & Technology 31, 3348—3357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blowes, D.W., Ptacek, C.J., Benner, S.G., McRae, C.W.T., Bennett, T.A. and Puls, R.W. (2000) Treatment of inorganic contaminants using perme-able reactive barriers. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 45, 123—137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, D.T. and Dills, A. (1979) ESCA applied to polymers. XXIII- RF glow discharge modification of polymers in pure oxygen and helium-oxygen mixtures. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 17, 967—976.Google Scholar
Clark, D.T. and Thomas, H.R. (1978) Applications of ESCA to polymer chemistry. XVII Systematic investigation of the core levels of simple homo-polymers. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 16, 791—820.Google Scholar
Cornell, R.M. and Schindler, P.W. (1980) Infrared study of the adsorption of hydroxycarboxylic acids on cx-FeOOH and amorphous Fe(III) hydroxide. Colloid Polymer Science, 258, 1171—1175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CorneU, R.M. and Schwertmann, U. (1996) The Iron Oxides: Structure, Properties, Reactions, Occurrence and Uses. VCH verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim, Germany 573 pp.Google Scholar
Dzombak, D.A. and Morel, F.M.M. (1990) Surface Complexation Modeling — Hydrous Ferric Oxide. lohn Wiley & SonsInc.,, New York, 393 pp.Google Scholar
Eggleton, R.A. and Fitzpatrick, R.W. (1988) New data and a revised structural model for ferrihydrite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 36, 111—124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fredrickson, J.K., Zachara, J.M., Kennedy, D.W., Dong, H., Onstott, T.C., Hinman, N.W. and Shu-Mei, L. (1998) Biogenic iron mineralization accompanying the dissimilatory reduction of hydrous ferric oxide by a ground water bacterium. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62, 3239—3257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gavaskar, A.R., Gupta, N., Sass, B.M., lanosy, R.J. and O'Sullivan, D. (1998) Permeable Barriers for Groundwater Remediation. Design, Construction and Monitoring. Battelle Press, USA.Google Scholar
Genin, J.-M.R., Refait, P., Bourrie, G., Abdelmoula, M. and Trolard, F. (2001) Structure and stability of the Fe(II)-Fe(III) green rust ‘fougerite’ mineral and its potential for reducing pollutants in soil solutions. Applied Geochemistry, 16, 559—570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gillham, R.W. and O'Hannesin, S.F. (1994) Enhanced degradation of halogenated aliphatics by zero-valent iron. Ground Water, 32, 958—967.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gu, B., Liang, L., Dickey, M.J., Yin, X. and Dai, S. (1998) Reductive precipitation of uranium(VI) by zero-valent iron. Environmental Science & Technology, 32, 3366—3373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, R.P. and Sen, S.K. (1974) Calculation of multiplet structure of core p-vacancy levels. Physics Review B, 10, 71—79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, R.P. and Sen, S.K. (1975) Calculation of multiplet structure of core p-vacancy level. Physics Review B, 12, 15—19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herbert, R., Benner, S., Pratt, A. and Blowes, D. (1998) Surface chemistry and morphology of poorly crystal¬line iron sulfides precipitated in media containing sulfate-reducing bacteria. Chemical Geology, 144, 87—97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, T.L., Scherer, M.M. and Tratnyek, P.G. (1996) Kinetics of halogenated organic compound by iron metal. Environmental Science & Technology, 30, 2634—2640.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) (1998) Selected powder diffraction data for minerals. International Center for Diffraction Data, Newtown Square, PA, USA.Google Scholar
Langmuir, D. (1997) Aqueous Environmental Geochemistry. Prentice-HallInc., New Jersey, USA, 600 pp.Google Scholar
Liang, L., Korte, N., Gu, B., Puls, R. and Reeter, C. (2000) Geochemical and microbial reactions affect-ing the long-term performance of in situ ‘iron barriers'. Advances in Environmental Research, 4, 273—286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackenzie, P.D., Horney, D.P. and Sivavec, T.M. (1999) Mineral precipitation and porosity losses in granular iron columns. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 68, 1—17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matheson, L.J. and Tratnyek, P.G. (1994) Reductive dehalogenation of halogenated methanes by iron metal. Environmental Science & Technology, 28, 2045—2053.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathez, E.A. (1987) Carbonaceous matter in mantle xenoliths: Composition and relevance to the iso-topes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Ada, 51, 2339—2347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McIntyre, N.S. and Zetaruk, D.G. (1977) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of iron oxides. Analytical Chemistry, 49, 1521—1529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mills, P. and Sullivan, J.L. (1983) A study of the core level electrons in iron and its three oxides by means of photoelectron spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 16, 723—732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrison, S.J., Metzler, D.R. and Dwyer, B.P. (2002) Removal of As, Mn, Mo, Se, U, V and Zn from groundwater by zero-valent iron in a passive treatment cell: reaction progress modeling. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 56, 99—116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nesbitt, H.W. and Muir, I.J. (1994) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of a pristine pyrite surface reacted with water vapour and air. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58, 4667—4679.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Hannesin, S.F. and Gillham, R.W. (1998) Long-term performance of an in situ “Iron wall” for remediation of VOCs. Ground Water, 36, 164—170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parkhurst, D.L. and Appelo, C.A.J. (1999) User's guide to PHREEQC (Version 2)-A computer program for speciation, batch-reaction, one-dimensional trans¬port, and inverse geochemical calculations. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4259, 310 pp.Google Scholar
Parmar, N., Gorby, Y.A., Beveridge, T.J. and Ferris, F.G. (2001) Formation of green rust and immobiliza¬tion of nickel in response to bacterial reduction of hydrous ferric oxide. Geomicrobiology Journal, 18, 375—385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, D.H., Gu, B., Watson, D.B., Roh, Y., Liang, L. and Lee, S.Y. (2000) Performance evaluation of a zerovalent iron reactive barrier: Mineralogical characteristics. Environmental Science & Technology, 34, 4169—4176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pratt, A.R., Muir, I.J. and Nesbitt, H.W. (1994a X-ray photoelectron and Auger spectroscopic studies of pyrrhotite and mechanism of air oxidation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58, 827—841.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pratt, A.R., Nesbitt, H.W. and Muir, I.J. (1994b Generation of acids from mine waste: Oxidative leaching of pyrrhotite in dilute H2SO4 solutions at pH 3.0. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58, 5147—5159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pratt, A.R., Blowes, D.W. and Ptacek, C.J. (1997) Products of chromate reduction on proposed subsur¬face remediation material. Environmental Science & Technology, 31, 2492—2498.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Puls, R.W., Blowes, D.W. and GiUham, R.W. (1999) Long-term performance monitoring for a permeable reactive barrier at the U.S. Coast Guard Support Center, Elizabeth City, North Carolina. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 68, 109—124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reardon, E.J. (1995) Anaerobic corrosion of granular iron: Measurement and interpretation of hydrogen evolution rates. Environmental Science & Technology, 29, 2936—2945.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ritter, K., Odziemkowski, M.S. and Gillham, R.W. (2002) An in situ study of the role of surface films on granular iron in the permeable iron wall technology. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 55, 87—111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shirley, D.A. (1972) High-resolution X-ray photoemis-sion spectrum of the valence bands of gold. Physics Review B, 5, 4709—4714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shokes, T.E. and Moller, G. (1999) Removal of dissolved heavy metals from acid rock drainage using iron metal.. Environmental Science & Technology, 33, 282—287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stipp, S.L. and Hochella, M.F. (1991) Structure and bonding environments at the calcite surface as observed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 55, 1723—1736.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Su, C. and Puls, R.W. (1999) Kinetics of trichloroethene reduction by zerovalent iron and tin: Pretreatment effect, apparent activation energy, and intermediate products. Environmental Science & Technology, 33, 163—168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Su, C. and Puls, R.W. (2001) Arsenate and arsenite removal by zerovalent iron: Kinetics, redox trans-formation, and implications for in situ groundwater remediation. Environmental Science & Technology, 35, 1487—1492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toride, N., Leij, F.J. and van Genuchten, M.Th. (1995) The CXTFTT code for estimating transport para¬meters from laboratory or field tracer experiments, Version 2.1. U.S. Salinity Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Research Report No. 137.Google Scholar
Vaughan, D.J., Pattrick, R.A.D. and Wogelius, R.A. (2002) Minerals, metals and molecules: ore and environmental mineralogy in the new millennium. Mineralogical Magazine, 66, 653—676.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zachara, J.M., Kukkadapu, R.K., Fredrickson, J.K., Gorby, Y.A. and Smith, S.C. (2002) Biomineralization of poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxides by dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria (DMRB). Geomicrobiology Journal, 19, 179—207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar