Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T14:17:19.654Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Whole-rock and mineral chemistry of cumulates from the Kızıldağ (Hatay) ophiolite (Turkey): clues for multiple magma generation during crustal accretion in the southern Neotethyan ocean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

U. Bağci ,
O. Parlak  and
V. Höck
U. Bağci
Affiliation:
Mersin Üniversitesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, 33342 Çiftlikköy-Mersin, Turkey Çukurova Üniversitesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, 01330 Balcalı-Adana, Turkey
O. Parlak*
Affiliation:
Çukurova Üniversitesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, 01330 Balcalı-Adana, Turkey
V. Höck
Affiliation:
University of Salzburg, Department of Geology & Paleontology, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The late Cretaceous Kızıldağ ophiolite forms one of the best exposures of oceanic lithospheric remnants of southern Neotethys to the north of the Arabian promontory in Turkey. The ultramafic to mafic cumulate rocks, displaying variable thickness (ranging from 165 to 700 m), are ductiley deformed, possibly in response to syn-magmatic extension during sea-floor spreading and characterized by wehrlite, olivine gabbro, olivine gabbronorite and gabbro. The gabbroic cumulates have an intrusive contact with the wehrlitic cumulates in some places. The crystallization order of the cumulus and intercumulus phases is olivine (Fo86–77)± chromian spinel, clinopyroxene (Mg#92–76), plagio-clase(An95–83), orthopyroxene(Mg#87–79). The olivine, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and plagioclase in ultramafic and mafic cumulate rocks seem to have similar compositional range. This suggests that these rocks cannot represent a simple crystal line of descent. Instead the overlapping ranges in mineral compositions in different rock types suggest multiple magma generation during crustal accretion for the Kızıldağ ophiolite. The presence of high Mg# of olivine, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and the absence of Ca-rich plagioclase as an early fractionating phase co-precipitating with forsteritic olivine, suggest that the Kızıldağ plutonic suite is not likely to have originated in a mid-ocean ridge environment. Instead the whole-rock and mineral chemistry of the cumulates indicates their derivation from an island arc tholeiitic (IAT) magma. All the evidence indicates that the Kızıldağ ophiolite formed along a slow-spreading centre in a fore-arc region of a suprasubduction zone tectonic setting.

Keywords

suprasubductionforearcNeotethysTurkeycumulate
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 69 , Issue 1 , February 2005 , pp. 53 - 76
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aktaş, G. and Robertson, A.H.F. (1984) The Maden complex, SE Turkey: evolution of a Neotethyan continental margin. Pp. 375—402 in: The Geological Evolution of the eastern Mediterranean (Dixon, J.E. and Robertson, A.H.F., editors). Special Publication, 17, Geological Society, London.Google Scholar
Alabaster, T., Pearce, J.A. and Malpas, J. (1982) The volcanic stratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Oman ophiolite complex. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 81, 168–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Riyami, K., Robertson, A.H.F., Dixon, J. and Xenophontos, C. (2002) Origin and emplacement of the Late Cretaceous Baer-Bassit ophiolite and its metamorphic sole in NW Syria. Lithos, 65, 225–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arculus, R.J. and Wills, KJ.A. (1980) The petrology of plutonic blocks and inclusions from Lesser Antilles island arc. Journal of Petrology, 21, 743—799.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballantyne, P. (1992) Petrology and geochemistry of the plutonic rocks of the Halmahera ophiolite, eastern Indonesia, an analogue of modern oceanic forearcs. Pp. 179–202 in: Ophiolites and their Modern Oceanic Analogues (Parson|, L.M., Murton, B.J. and Browning, P., editors). Special Publication, 60, Geological Society, London.Google Scholar
Beard, J.S. (1986) Characteristic mineralogy of arc-related cumulate gabbros: implications for the tectonic setting of gabbroic plutons and for andesite genesis. Geology, 14, 848–851.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bender, J.F., Hodges, F.N. and Bence, A.E. (1978) Petrogenesis of basalts from the project Famous area: experimental study from 0 to 15 kbar. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 41, 277–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beyarslan, M. and Bingöl, F. (2000) Petrology of a supra-subduction zone ophiolite (Elaziğ, Turkey). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 37, 1411–1424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloomer, S.H. and Hawkins, J.W. (1987) Petrology and geochemistry of boninitic series volcanic rocks from the Mariana trench. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 97, 361–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borisenko, L.F. (1967) Trace elements in pyroxenes and amphiboles from ultramafic rocks of the Urals. Mineralogical Magazine, 36, 403—410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Browning, P. (1984) Cryptic variation within the cumulate sequence of the Oman ophiolite: magma chamber depth and petrological implications. Pp. 71—82 in: Ophiolites and Oceanic lithosphere (Gass, I.G., Lippard, S.J. and Shelton, A.W., editors). Special Publication, 13, Geological Society, London.Google Scholar
Burns, L.E. (1985) The Border Ranges ultramafic and mafic complex, south central Alaska: cumulate fractionates of island arc volcanics. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 22, 1020–1038.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cannat, M., Karson, J.A. and Stakes, D. (1991) Stretching of the deep crust at the slow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge. Tectonophysics, 190, 73–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, A. and Robertson, A.H.F. (1998) Processes of late Cretaceous to late Miocene episodic thrust-sheet translation in the Lycian Taurides, SW Turkey. Journal of the Geological Society, 155, 759–772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeBari, S.M. and Coleman, R.G. (1989) Examination of the deep levels of an island arc: evidence from the Tonsina ultramafic-mafic assemblage, Tonsina, Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research, 94, 4373–4391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeBari, S.M., Kay, S.M. and Kay, R.W. (1987) Ultramafic xenoliths from Adagdak volcano, Adak, Aleutian Islands, Alaska: deformed igneous cumu-lates from the Moho of an island arc. Journal of Geology, 95, 329–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delaloye, M. and Wagner, J.J. (1984) Ophiolites and volcanic activity near the western edge of the Arabian plate. Pp. 225–233 in: The Geological Evolution of the eastern Mediterranean (Dixon, J.E. and Robertson, A.H.F., editors). Special Publication, 17, Geological Society, London.Google Scholar
Dilek, Y. and Delaloye, M. (1992) Structure of the Kızıldağ ophiolite, a slow-spread Cretaceous ridge segment north of the Arabian promontory. Geology, 20, 19–22.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dilek, Y. and Eddy, C.A. (1992) The Troodos (Cyprus) and the Kızıldağ (S. Turkey) ophiolites as structural models for slow-spreading ridge segments. Journal of Geology, 100, 305–322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dilek, Y. and Moores, E.M. (1990) Regional tectonics of the eastern Mediterranean ophiolites. Pp. 295–309 in: Proceeding of Troodos Ophiolite Symposium (Malpas, J., Moores, E., Panayiotou, A. and Xenophontos, C., editors). Geological Survey, Cyprus.Google Scholar
Dilek, Y. and Thy, P. (1998) Structure, petrology and seafloor spreading tectonics of the Kızıldağ ophio-lite, Turkey. Pp. 43—69 in: Modern Ocean Floor Processes and the Geological Record (Mills, R.A. and Harrison, K., editors). Special Publication, 148, Geological Society London.Google Scholar
Dilek, Y., Moores, E.M., Delaloye, M. and Karson, J.A. (1991) A magmatic extension and tectonic denudation in the Kızıldağ ophiolite, southern Turkey: implications for the evolution of Neotethyan oceanic crust. Pp. 487–502 in: Ophiolite Genesis and Evolution of the Oceanic Lithosphere (Peters, T., Nicolas, A. and Coleman, R.G., editors). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Dilek, Y., Moores, E.M. and Fumes, H. (1998) Structure of modern oceanic crust and ophiolites and implications for faulting and magmatism at oceanic spreading center. Pp. 219–265 in: Faulting and Magmatism at Mid-Ocean Ridges. Geophysical Monograph, 106, American Geophysical Union.Google Scholar
Dilek, Y., Thy, P., Hacker, B. and Grundvig, S. (1999) Structure and petrology of Tauride ophiolites and mafic dike intrusions (Turkey): implications for the Neotethyan ocean. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 111, 1192–1216.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dubertret, L. (1955) Géologie des roches vertes du nord-ouest de la Syrie et du Hatay (Turquie). Notes Memoires Moyen-Orient, 6, 227 pp.Google Scholar
Duncan, R.A. and Green, D.H. (1980) Role of multi-stage melting in the formation of oceanic crust. Geology, 8, 22–26.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dupuy, C., Dostal, J., Marcelot, G., Bougault, H., Joron, J.L. and Treuil, M. (1982) Geochemistry of basalts from central and southern New Hebrides arcs: implication for their source rock composition. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 60, 207–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elthon, D., Casey, J.F. and Komor, S. (1982) Mineral chemistry of ultramafic cumulates from the North Arm Mountain massif of the Bay of Islands ophiolite: Evidence of high pressure crystal fractio-nation of oceanic basalts. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87, 8717–8734.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elthon, D., Casey, J.F. and Komor, S. (1984) Cryptic mineral chemistry variations in a detailed traverse through the cumulate ultramafic rocks of the North Arm Mountain massif of the Bay of Island ophiolite, Newfoundland. Pp. 83–97 in: Ophiolites and Oceanic Lithosphere (Gass, I.G., Lippard, S. and Shelton, A.W., editors). Blackwells, Oxford, UK.Google Scholar
Erendil, M. (1984) Petrology and structures of the upper crustal units of the Kızıldağ ophiolite. Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Geology of the Tauride belt (Tekeli, O. and Göncuoğlu, M.C., editors). Ankara, Turkey, pp. 269–284.Google Scholar
Floyd, P.A., Göncuoğlu, M.C, Winchester, J.A. and Yahniz, M.K. (2000) Geochemical character and tectonic environment of Neotethyan ophiolitic fragments and metabasites in the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex, Turkey. Pp. 183–202 in: Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and the Surroundings Area (Bozkurt, E., Winchester, J.A. and Piper, J.D.A., editors). Special Publication, 173, Geological Society, London.Google Scholar
Foden, J.D. (1983) The petrology of calcalkaline lavas of Rindjani volcano, East Sunda Arc: Model for island arcs. Journal of Petrology, 24, 98—130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fujimaki, H. (1986) Fractional crystallization of the basaltic suite of Usa volcano, southwest Hokkaido, Japan, and its relationships with the associated felsic suite. Lithos, 19, 129–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gill, J.B. (1981) Orogenic Andesites and Plate Tectonics. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 358 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, T.H. (1969) High pressure experimental studies on the origin of anorthosite. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 6, 427–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grove, T.L. and Baker, M.B. (1984) Phase equilibrium controls on the tholeiitic versus calc-alkaline differentiation trends. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89, 3253–3274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gust, D.A. and Johnson, R.W. (1981) Amphibole bearing cumulates from Boisa island, Papua New Guinea: evaluation of the role of fractional crystallization in an andesitic volcano. Journal of Geology, 89, 219–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hébert, R. (1982) Petrography and mineralogy of oceanic peridotites and gabbros: some comparisons with ophiolite examples. Ofioliti, 2/3, 299–324.Google Scholar
Hébert, R. (1985) Pétrologie des roches ignées océaniques et comparison avec les complexes ophiolitiques du Québec, de Chypre et de I'Apennin. These d'Etat, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France.Google Scholar
Hébert, R. and Laurent, R. (1990) Mineral chemistry of the plutonic section of the Troodos ophiolite: New constraints for genesis of arc-related ophiolites. Proceedings of the Troodos Ophiolite Symposium (Malpas, J., Moores, E., Panayiotou, A. and Xenophontos, C., editors). Geological Survey, Cyprus, pp. 149–163.Google Scholar
Höck, V., Koller, F., Meisel, T., Onuzi, K. and Kneringer, E. (2002) The Jurassic south Albanian ophiolites: MOR- vs. SSZ-type ophiolites. Lithos, 65, 143–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodges, F.N. and Papike, J.J. (1976) DSDP site 334: Magmatic cumulates from oceanic layer 3. Journal of Geophysical Research, 81, 4135–4151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishiwatari, A. (1985) Igneous petrogeneis of the Yakuno ophiolite (Japan) in the context of the diversity of ophiolites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 89, 155–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacques, A.L. and Green, D.H. (1980) Anhydrous melting of peridotite at 0-15 kb pressure and the genesis of tholeiitic basalts. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 73, 287–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johannes, W. (1978) Melting of plagioclase in the system Ab-An-H2O and Qz-Ab-An-H2O at PH2O=5 kbars, an equilibrium problem. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 66, 295–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juteau, T. and Whitechurch, H. (1980) The magmatic cumulates of Antalya (Turkey): evidence of multiple intrusions in an ophiolitic magma chamber. Pp. 377—391 in: Proceedings of the International Ophiolite Symposium (Panayiotou, A., editor). Geological Survey, Cyprus.Google Scholar
Juteau, T., Beurrier, M., Dahl, R. and Nehlig, P. (1988) Segmentation at a fossil spreading axis: The plutonic sequence of the Wadi Haymiliyah area (Haylayn Block, Sumail Nappe, Oman). Tectonophysics, 151, 167–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karson, J.A. (1990) Seafloor spreading on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: implications for the structure of ophiolites and oceanic lithosphere produced in slow-spreading environments. Pp. 547–555 in: Proceedings of the Troodos Ophiolite Symposium (Malpas, J., Moores, E., Panayiotou, A. and Xenophontos, C., editors). Geological Survey, Cyprus.Google Scholar
Komor, S.C., Elthon, D. and Casey, J.F. (1985) Mineralogic variation in a layered ultramafic cumulate sequence at the North Arm Mountain massif, Bay of Island ophiolite, Newfoundland. Journal of Geophysical Research, 90, 7705–7736.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laurent, R., Delaloye, M., Vaugnat, M. and Wagner, J.J. (1980) Composition of parental basaltic magma in ophiolites. Pp. 172—181 in: Proceedings of the International Ophiolite Symposium (Panayiotou, A., editor). Geological Survey, Cyprus.Google Scholar
Lin, J. and Phipps Morgan, J. (1992) The spreading rate dependence of three dimensional mid-ocean ridge gravity structure. Geophysical Research Letters, 19, 13–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lytwyn, J.N. and Casey, J.F. (1993) The geochemistry and petrogenesis of volcanics and sheeted dikes from the Hatay (Kizildag) ophiolite, southern Turkey: possible formation with the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus, along fore-arc spreading centers. Tectonophysics, 232, 237–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malpas, J. (1990) Crustal accretionary processes in the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus: evidence from field mapping and deep crustal drilling. Pp. 65—74 in: Proceedings of the Troodos Ophiolite Symposium (Malpas, J., Moores, E., Panayiotou, A. and Xenophontos, C., editors). Geological Survey, Cyprus.Google Scholar
Malpas, J. and Langdon, C. (1984) Petrology of the upper pillow lava suite, Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus. Pp. 155—167 in: Ophiolites and Oceanic Lithosphere (Gass, I.G., Lippard, S.J. and Shelton, A.W., editors). Special Publication, 13, Geological Society, London.Google Scholar
Nicolas, A. (1992) Kinematics in magmatic rocks with special reference to gabbros. Journal of Petrology, 33, 891–915.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pallister, J.S. and Hopson, C.A. (1981) Semail ophiolite plutonic suite: field relation, phase variation, cryptic variation and layering, and a model of a spreading ridge magma chamber. Journal of Geophysical Research, 86, 2593–2644.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panjasawatwong, Y., Danyushevsky, L.V., Crawford, A.J. and Harris, K.L. (1997) An experimental study of the effects of melt composition on plagioclase-melt equilibria at 5 and 10 kbars: implications for the origin of magmatic high-An plagioclase. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 118, 420–432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parlak, O. (1996) Geochemistry and geochronology of the Mersin ophiolite within the eastern Mediterranean tectonic frame. PhD thesis, Universite de Geneve, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Parlak, O., Delaloye, M. and Bingöl, E. (1996) Mineral chemistry of ultramafic and mafic cumulates as an indicator of the arc-related origin of the Mersin ophiolite (southern Turkey). Geologische Rundschau, 85, 647–661.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parlak, O., Delaloye, M. and Bingöl, E. (1997) Phase and cryptic variation through the ultramafic and mafic cumulates in the Mersin ophiolite (southern Turkey). Ofioliti, 22/1, 81–92.Google Scholar
Parlak, O., Höck, V. and Delaloye, M. (2000) Suprasubduction zone origin of the Pozanti-Karsanti ophiolite (southern Turkey) deduced from whole-rock and mineral chemistry of the gabbroic cumulates. Pp. 219—234 in: Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and the Surroundings Area (Bozkurt, E., Winchester, J.A. and Piper, J.D.A., editors). Special Publication, 173, Geological Society, London.Google Scholar
Parlak, O., Höck, V. and Delaloye, M. (2002) The suprasubduction zone Pozanti-Karsanti ophiolite, southern Turkey: evidence for high-pressure crystal fractionation of ultramafic cumulates. Lithos, 65, 205–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearce, J.A. and Norry, M.J. (1979) Petrogenetic implications of Ti, Zr, Nb variations in volcanic rocks. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 69, 33–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearce, J.A., Lippard, S.J. and Roberts, S. (1984) Characteristics and tectonic significance of supra-subduction zone ophiolites. Pp. 77–89 in: Marginal Basin Geology (Kokelaar, B.P. and Howells, M.F., editors). Special Publication 16, Geological Society, London.Google Scholar
Piskin, Ö., Delaloye, M., Moritz, R. and Wagner, J.J. (1990) Geochemistry and geothermometry of the Hatay complex Turkey: implication for genesis of the ophiolite sequence. Pp. 329–337 in: Proceedings of Troodos Ophiolite Symposium (Malpas, J., Moores, E., Panayiotou, A. and Xenophontos, C., editors). Geological Survey, Cyprus.Google Scholar
Purdy, G.M., Kong, L.S., Christensen, G.L. and Solomon, S. (1992) Relationship between spreading rate and the seismic structure of mid-ocean ridges. Nature, 355, 815–817.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ricou, L.E. (1971) Le croissant ophiolitique péri-arabe, une ceinture de nappes mises en place au Crétacé supérieur. Review Géologie Dynamic Géographie Physique, 13, 327–349.Google Scholar
Robertson, A.H.F. (1986a) The Hatay ophiolite (southern Turkey) in its eastern Mediterranean tectonic context: a report on some aspects of the field excursion. Ofioliti, 11, 105–119.Google Scholar
Robertson, A.H.F. (19866) Geochemistry and tectonic implications of metalliferous and volcanoclastic sedimentary rocks associated with late cretaceous ophiolitic extrusives in the Hatay area, southern Turkey. Ofioliti, 11, 121–140.Google Scholar
Robertson, A.H.F. (2002) Overview of the genesis and emplacement of Mesozoic ophiolites in the eastern Mediterranean Tethyan region. Lithos, 65, 1—67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, C.S., Foster, M.D. and Myers, A.T. (1954) Origin of dunites and olivine rich inclusions in basaltic rocks. American Mineralogist, 39, 693—737.Google Scholar
Şengör, A.M.C. and Yilmaz, Y. (1981) Tethyan evolution of Turkey: Plate tectonic approach. Tectonophysics, 75, 181–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Selçuk, H. (1981) Etud géologique de la partie méridionale du Hatay (Turquie). These Doctora, Université de Genève, Suisse.Google Scholar
Shervais, J.W. (1990) Island arc and oceanic crust ophiolites: contrasts in the petrology, geochemistry and tectonic style of ophiolite assemblages in the California Coast Ranges. Pp. 507–520 in: Proceedings of the Troodos Ophiolite Symposium (Malpas, J., Moores, E., Panayiotou, A. and Xenophontos, C., editors). Geological Survey, Cyprus.Google Scholar
Shervais, J.W. (2001) Birth, death and resurrection: The life cycle of suprasubduction zone ophiolites. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 2, 2000GC000080.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shervais, J.W. and Beaman, B.J. (1991) The Elder Creek ophiolite: multi stage magmatic history in a fore-arc ophiolite, northern California Coast Ranges. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Program, 23, 387 pp.Google Scholar
Sisson, T.W. and Grove, T.L. (1993) Experimental investigations of the role of H2O in calc-alkaline differentiation and subduction zone magmatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 113, 143–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spandler, C.J., Arculus, R.J., Eggins, S.M., Mavrogenes, J.A., Price, R.C. and Reay, A.J. (2003) Petrogenesis of the Greenhills Complex, Southland, New Zealand: magmatic differentiation and cumulate formation at the roots of a Permian island-arc volcano. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 144, 703–721.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stern, R.J. (1979) On the origin of andesite in the northern Mariana island arc: implications for agrigan. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 68, 207–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stern, R.J. and Bloomer, S.H. (1992) Subduction zone infancy: examples from the Eocene Izu-Bonin-Mariana and Jurassic California arcs. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 104, 1621–1636.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarhan, N. (1986) Göksun-Afşin-Elbistan dolayimn jeolojisi. Jeoloji Mühendisliği, 19, 3–9.Google Scholar
Tekeli, O. and Erendil, M. (1984) Kızıldağ ofiyolitinin (Hatay) jeolojisi ve petrolojisi. Maden TetkikArama Bulteni, 107, 33–49.Google Scholar
Tekeli, O. and Erendil, M. (1986) Geology and petrology of the Kızıldağ ophiolite (Hatay). Bülletin of Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey, 21, 21–37.Google Scholar
Tekeli, O., Erendil, M., Metin, S., Demirtaşh, E., Kuşçu, I., Capan, U.Z. and Whitechurch, H. (1983) Autochthons, paraautochthons and ophiolites of the eastern Taurus and Amanos mountains. International Symposium on the Geology of the Taurus Belt, Ankara, Turkey, Excursion Guide, 32 pp.Google Scholar
Thy, P. (1987a) Petrogenetic implications of mineral crystallization trends of Troodos cumulates, Cyprus. Geological Magazine, 124, 1 — 11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thy, P. (19876) Magmas and magma chamber evolution, Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus. Geology, 15, 316–319.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thy, P. (1990) Cryptic variation of a cumulate sequence from the plutonic complex of the Troodos ophiolite. Pp. 165–172 in: Proceeding of the Troodos Ophiolite Symposium (Malpas, J., Moores, E., Panayiotou, A. and Xenophontos, C., editors). Geological Survey, Cyprus.Google Scholar
Tinkler, C., Wagner, J.J., Delaloye, M. and Selcuk, H. (1981) Tectonic history of the Hatay ophiolites (south Turkey) and their interpretation with the Dead Sea rift. Tectonophysics, 72, 23–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tüysüz, O. (1990) Tectonic evolution of a part of the Tethyside orogenic collage, the Kargi massif, northern Turkey. Tectonics, 9, 141–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ustaömer, T. and Robertson, A.H.F. (1997) Tectonic-sedimentary evolution of the north Tethyan margin in the Central Pontides of northern Turkey. Pp. 255—290 in: Regional and Petroleum Geology of the Black Sea and Surrounding Region (Robinson, A.G., editor). AAPG Memoir 68, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, Oklahoma.Google Scholar
Wager, L.R., Brown, G.M. and Wadsworth, W.J. (1960) Types of igneous cumulates. Journal of Petrology, 1, 73–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yahniz, M.K., Floyd, P.A. and Göncüöğlu, M.C. (1996) Supra-subduction zone ophiolites of Central Anatolia: geochemical evidence from the Sankaraman ophiolite, Aksaray, Turkey. Mineralogical Magazine, 60, 697–710.Google Scholar
Yahniz, M.K., Floyd, P. and Göncüöğlu, M.C. (2000) Geochemistry of volcanic rocks from the Cic,ekdag ophiolite, Central Anatolia, Turkey, and their inferred tectonic setting within the northern branch of the Neotethyan ocean. Pp. 203–218 in: Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and the Surrounding Area (Bozkurt, E., Winchester, J.A. and Piper, J.D.A., editors). Special Publication, 173, Geological Society, London.Google Scholar
Yilmaz, Y. (1993) New evidence and model on the evolution of the Southeast Anatolian orogen. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 105, 251–71.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yilmaz, Y., Yiğitbaş, E. and Genç, S.C. (1993) Ophiolitic and metamorphic assemblages of south¬east Anatolia and their significance in the geological evolution of the orogenic Belt. Tectonics, 12, 1280–1297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoder, H.S. (1969) Calc-alkaline andesites: experimental data bearing the origin of assumed characteristics. Proceedings of the Andesite Conference (McBirney, A.R., editor). Bulletin of the Department of Geology and Mining Research, Oregon, 65, 43—64.Google Scholar