Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T08:20:51.258Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

What effects do mineral particles have in the lung?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

R. Richards
R. Richards*
Affiliation:
School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3US, UK
*
E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This review details a selection of occupational lung diseases, particularly fibrosis (scarring) and tumours that can arise following exposure to mineral dusts. Also described are the sequential repair processes of the lung including oedema, inflammation, epithelial changes and finally scarring. The features by which a dust can be considered bioreactive including shape, size, surface area, durability and surface chemistry is discussed together with the importance of the mass deposited in the lung and particle clearance, particularly through lymphatic drainage. Emphasis is given to the importance of surface chemistry in that crystalline minerals, especially silicas, are often highly bioreactive whereas amorphous silicas or crystalline forms that have aged in the laboratory have lesser activity. Nevertheless, all forms of crystalline silica are particularly hazardous with the long-term ability to produce irreversible disease (fibrosis) when administered to experimental animals.

Keywords

respiratory diseaselungfibrosisinflammationsilicaquartzepithelial repair.
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 67 , Issue 2 , April 2003 , pp. 129 - 139
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Desai, R., Hext, P. and Richards, R.J. (1975) The prevention of asbestos-induced hemolysis. Life Sciences, 16, 1931—1938.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fenoglio, I., Prandi, L., Tomatis, M. and Fubini, B. (2001) Free radical generation in the toxicity of inhaled mineral particles: the role of iron speciation at the surface of asbestos and silica. Redox Report, 6, 235—241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friedetzky, A., Garn, H., Kirchner, A. and Gemas, D. (1998) Histopathological changes in enlarged thoracic lymph nodes during the development of silicosis in rats. Immunobiology, 199, 119—132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldsmith, D.F. (1997) Evidence for silica's neoplastic risk among workers and derivation of cancer risk assessment. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 7, 291—301.Google ScholarPubMed
Goldstein, B. and Rendall, R.E.G. (1970) The relative toxicities of the main classes of minerals. Pp. 429—434 in: Pneumoconiosis, Proceedings of the International Conference, Johannesburg 1969 (Shapiro, H.A. editor). Oxford University Press, London.Google Scholar
Hardy, T.S. and Weill, H. (1995) Crystalline silica: Risks and policy. Environmental Health Perspectives, 103, 152—155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hind, A.L., Curtis, C.G., Atkins, J., Powell, G.M. and Richards, R.J. (1988) Localization of transglutaminase activity in Type II epithelial cell cultures and elevation of enzyme activity in lungs of rats instilled with quartz. Lung, 166, 339—346.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hobza, P. and Hurych, J. (1978) Quantum chemical study of properties and reactivity of quartz dust. 1. Electronic structure of alpha quartz. Environmental Research, 15, 432—442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobza, P., Sauer, J., Morgeneyer, C., Hurych, J. and Zahradnik, R. (1981) Bonding ability of surface sites on silica and their effect on hydrogen bonds. A quantum-chemical and statistical thermodynamic treatment. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 85, 4061—4067.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Housley, D.G., BéruBé, K.A., Jones, T.P., Anderson, S., Pooley, F.D. and Richards, R.J. (2002) Pulmonary epithelial response in the rat lung to instilled Montserrat respirable dusts and their major mineral components. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 59, 466—472.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kawanami, O., Ferrans, V.J. and Crystal R.G. (1982) Structure of alveolar epithelial cells in patients with fibrotic lung disorders. Laboratory Investigation, 46, 39—53.Google ScholarPubMed
King, E.J., Harrison, C.V. and Nagelschmidt, G. (1947) The effects of kaolin on the lungs of rats. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology , LX, 435—440.Google Scholar
Murphy, S.A., BeruBt;, K.A., Pooley, F.D. and Richards R.J. (1998) The response of lung epithelium to well characterised fine particles. Life Sciences, 62, 1789—1799.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oldham, P.D. (1983) Pneumoconiosis in Cornish china clay workers. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 40, 131—137.Google ScholarPubMed
Pairon, J.C., Brochard, P., Jaurand, M.C. and Bignon, J. (1991) Silica and lung cancer: a controversial issue. European Respiratory Journal, 4, 730—744.Google ScholarPubMed
Richards, R.J. and Curtis, C.G. (1984) Biochemical and cellular mechanisms of dust-induced lung fibrosis. Environmental Health Perspective, 55, 393—416.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richards, R.J., Atkins, J., Marrs, T.C., Brown, R.F.R. and Masek, L. (1989) The biochemical and pathological changes produced by the intratracheal instillation of certain components of zinc-hexa- chloroethane smoke. Toxicology, 54, 79—88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, R.J., BeruBe, K.A., Masek, L., Symons, D. and Murphy, S.A. (1999) The biological effects of lung epithelium of well characterised fine particles. Pp. 97—113 in: Particulate Matter: Properties and Effects upon Health (Maynard, R.L. and Howard, C.V., editors). BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd, Oxford, UK.Google Scholar
Ruble, R. and Goldsmith, D.F. (1997) Ambient PM10 emissions: Contributions and impact on silica emissions. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 7, 327—344.Google ScholarPubMed
Soutar, C.A., Robertson, A., Miller, B.G., Searl, A. and Bignon, J. (2000) Epidemiological evidence on the carcinogenicity of silica: factors in scientific judgement. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 44, 3—14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wagner, J.C. (1977) Pulmonary fibrosis and mineral dusts. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 36, 42—46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warheit, D.B. (2001) Inhaled amorphous silica particulates: what do we know about their toxicological profiles? Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology, 20, 133—141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weill, H. and McDonald, J.C. (1996) Exposure to crystalline silica and risk of lung cancer: the epidemiological evidence. Thorax, 51, 97—102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed