Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T11:58:09.310Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Water solubility and diffusivity in olivine: its role in planetary tectonics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

K. Regenauer-Lieb  and
T. Kohl
K. Regenauer-Lieb*
Affiliation:
Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich Hönggerberg HPP, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
T. Kohl
Affiliation:
Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich Hönggerberg HPP, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
*
* E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

New constraints on the thermodynamic equation of state of water and the predicted water fugacity dependence of OH-solubility at elevated P-T conditions along with its influence on dislocation dynamics in olivine are reviewed. Water is shown to control the style of tectonics of a planetary lithosphere by switching on highly localized weak faulting instead of a broad, slow creeping flow. The transition occurs above a water concentration of 200 ppm H/Si. We argue that this changeover in style of tectonics has important implications for the mechanics of subduction and for plate tectonics in general. Efficient recycling of water is only given if the top strong part of the lithosphere can fail and be dragged down into the mantle in a steady way. Due to different starting conditions and differences in accretion through planetismals, Venus may have never have reached a water content above 200 ppm H/Si in the upper mantle while Mars would have now left the plate tectonic regime due to fast cooling.

Keywords

water solubilityolivineplanetary lithospheresubduction.
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 67 , Issue 4 , August 2003 , pp. 697 - 715
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

†

Current address: CSIRO Mining and Exploration, 26 Dick Perry Avenue, Technology Park, Perth, WA 6151, Australia

References

Anderson, F.S. and Smrekar, S.E. (1999 Tectonic effects of climate change on Venus. Journal of Geophysical Research –Planets, 104, 30743—30756.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashby, M.F. and Verall, R.A. (1977 Micromechanisms of flow and fracture, and their relevance to the rheology of the upper mantle. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 288, 59—95.Google Scholar
Bai, Q. and Kohlstedt, D.L. (1992 Substantial hydrogen solubility in olivine and implications for water storage in the mantle. Nature, 357, 672—674.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, D.R. and Rossman, G.R. (1992 The distribution of hydroxyl in garnets from the subcontinental upper mantle in southern Africa. Contribu tions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 111, 161—178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bercovici, D., Ricard, Y. and Richards, M.A. (2000 The relation between mantle dynamics and plate tectonics: A primer. Geophysical Monograph, 121, 5—46.Google Scholar
Brodholt, J.P. and Wood, B.J. (1994 Measurements of the PVT properties of water to 25 Kbars and 1600 Degrees C from synthetic fluid inclusions in corundum. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58, 2143—2148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bullock, M.A. and Grinspoon, D.H. (1996 The stability of climate on Venus. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 7521—7530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Danyushevsky, L.V., Eggins, S.M., Falloon, T.J. and Christie, D.M. (2000 H2O abundance in depleted to moderately enriched mid-ocean ridge magmas; Part I: Incompatible behaviour, implications for mantle storage, and origin of regional variations. Journal of Petrology, 41, 1329—1364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drake, M.J. and Righter, K. (2002 Determining the composition of the Earth. Nature, 416, 39—44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, B. (1984 The effect of temperature and impurity content on indentation hardness of quartz. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89, 4213—4222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerya, T.V. and Perchuk, L.L. (1997 Equations of state of compressed gases for thermodynamic databases used in petrology. Petrology, 5, 366—380.Google Scholar
Goetze, C. and Evans, B. (1979 Stress and temperature in the bending lithosphere as constrained by experimental rock mechanics. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 59, 463—478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, D.H., Falloon, T.J., Eggins, S.M. and Yaxley, G.M. (2001 Primary magmas and mantle temperatures. European Journal of Mineralogy, 13, 437—451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grosfils, E.B. and Head, J.W. (1996 The timing of giant radiating dikeswarms emplacement on Venus: Implications for resurfacing of the planet and its subsequent evolution. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 4645—4656.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heggie, M. (1992 A molecular water pump in quartz dislocations. Nature, 355, 337—339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hercule, S. and Ingrin, J. (1999 Hydrogen in diopside: Diffusion, kinetics of extraction-incorporation, and solubility. American Mineralogist, 84, 1577—1587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirth, G. and Kohlstedt, D.L. (1996 Water in the oceanic upper mantle: implications for rheology, melt extraction and the evolution of the lithosphere. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 144, 93—108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingrin, J. and Skogby, H. (2000 Hydrogen in nominally anhydrous upper-mantle minerals: concentration levels and implications. European Journal of Mineralogy, 12, 543—570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jakosky, B.M. and Phillips, R.J. (2001 Mars’ volatile and climate history. Nature, 412, 237—244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jung, H.Y. and Karato, S. (2001 Water-induced fabric transitions in olivine. Science, 293, 1460—1463.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karato, S. (1990 The role of hydrogen in the electrical conductivity of the upper mantle. Nature, 347, 272—273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karato, S. (2003 Mapping Water Content in the Upper Mantle, subduction factory. American Geophysical Union Monograph, (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karato, S. and Jung, H. (1998 Water, partial melting and the origin of the seismic low velocity and high attenuation zone in the upper mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 157, 193—207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karato, S.I. and Jung, H.Y. (2001 Effect of pressure on high-tempera ture dislocation creep in olivine. Philosophical Magazine A, 83, 401—414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karato, S., Riedel, M.R. and Yuen, D.A. (2001 Rheological structure and deformation of subducted slabs in the mantle transition zone: implications for mantle circulation and deep earthquakes. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 127, 83—108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaula, W.M. (1994 The tecton ics of Venus. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A – Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, 349, 345—355.Google Scholar
Kohl, T. and Hopkirk, R.J. (1995 “FRACTure” a simulation code for forced fluid flow and transport in fractured porous rock. Geothermics, 24, 345—359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohlstedt, D.L. and Mackwell, S.J. (1998 Diffusion of hydrogen and intrinsic point defects in olivine. Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie – International Journal of Research in Physical Chemistry & Chemical Physics, 207, 147—162.Google Scholar
Kohlstedt, D.L., Evans, B. and Mackwell, S.J. (1995 Strength of the lithosphere: Constraints imposed by laboratory measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 17587—17602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohlstedt, D.L., Kepler, H. and Rubie, D.C. (1996 Solubility of water in the polymorphs of (Mg,Fe)2 SiO4. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 123, 345—357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landau, L.D. and Lifshits, E.M. (1995 Theoretical Physics Part 1 . Nauka, Moscow.Google Scholar
Lenardic, A., Kaula, W.M. and Bindschadler, D.L. (1995 Some effects of a dry crustal flow law on numerical simulations of coupled crustal deformation and mantle convection on Venus. Journal of Geophysical Research – Planets, 100, 16949—16957.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matveev, S., O’Neill, H.S., Ballhaus, C., Taylor, W.R. and Green, D.H. (2001 Effect of silica activity on OH-IR spectra of olivine: Implications for lowaSiO( 2) mantle metasomatism. Journal of Petrology, 42, 721—729.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mege, D. and Masson, P. (1996 Stress models for Tharsis formation, Mars. Planetary and Space Science, 44, 1471—1497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mei, S. and Kohlstedt, D.L. (2000a) Influence of water on plastic deformation of olivine aggregates: 1. Diffusion creep regime. Journal of Geophysical Research , 105, 21457—21469.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mei, S. and Kohlstedt, D.L. (2000b) Influence of water on plastic deformation of olivine aggregates: 2. Dislocation creep regime. Journal of Geophysical Research , 105, 21471—21481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menzies, M., Kempton, P.D. and Dungan, M. (1985 Interaction of continental lithosphere and asthenospheric melts below the Geronimo Volcanic Field, Arizona, USA. Journal of Petrology, 26, 663—693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michael, P. (1995 Regionally distinctive sources of depleted MORB; evidence from trace elements and H2O. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 131, 301—320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, P.J., Zuber, M.T., Solomon, S.C., Golombek, M.P., Jakosky, B.M., Banerdt, W.B., Smith, D.E., Williams, R.R.M., Hynek, B.M., Aharonson, O. and Hauck, S.A. (2001a) Ancient geodynamics and global-scale hydrology on Mars. Science , 291, 2587—2591.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, R.J., Bullock, M.A. and Hauck, S.A. (2001b) Climate and interior coupled evolution on Venus. Geophysical Research Letters , 28, 1779—1782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pitzer, K.S. and Sterner, S.M. (1994 Equations of state valid continuously from zero to extreme pressures for H2O and CO2. Journal of Chemistry and Physics, 101, 3111—3116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Presnall, D.C. and Walter, M. (1993 Melting of forsterite, Mg2SiO4, from 9.7 to 16.5 GPa. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 19777—19783.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Regenauer-Lieb, K., Yuen, D. and Branlund, J. (2001 The initation of subduction: criticality by addition of water. Science, 294, 578—580.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Regenauer-Lieb, K. and Yuen, D.A. (2003 Modeling shear zones in geological and planetary sciences: solid- and fluid-thermal-mechanical approaches. Earth Science Reviews, submitted.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakane, S., Liu, W.B., Doren, D.J., Shock, E.L. and Wood, R.H. (2001 Prediction of the Gibbs energies and an improved equation of state for water at extreme conditions from ab initio energies with classical simulations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65, 4067—4075.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandwell, D.T. and Schubert, G. (1992 Evidence for retrograde lithospher ic subduction on Venus. Science, 257, 766—770.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schubert, G. and Zhang, K. (1997 Foundering of the lithosphere at the onset of subduction. Geophysical Research Letters, 24, 1527—1529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sleep, N.H. (2000 Evolution of the mode of convection within terrestrial planets. Journal of Geophysical Research – Planets, 105, 17563—17578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smyth, J.R. and Frost, H.J. (2002 The effect of water on the 410-km discontinuity: An experimental study. Geophysical Research Letters, 29, 1231—1234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomatov, V. and Moresi, L. (1997 Three regimes of mantle convection with non-Newtonian viscosity and stagnant lid convection in terrestrial planets. Geophysical Research Letters, 24, 1907—1910.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomatov, V. and Moresi, L. (2000 Scaling of timedependent stagnant lid convection: Application to small-scale convection on Earth and other terrestrial planets. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 21795—21817.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomon, S.C., Bullock, M.A. and Grinspoon, D.H. (1999 Climate change as a regulator of tectonics on Venus. Science, 286, 87—90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sterner, S.M. and Pitzer, K.S. (1994 An equation of state for carbon dioxide valid from zero to extreme pressur es. Contribu tions to Mineralo gy and Petrology, 117, 362—374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tackley, P. (1998 Self-consistent generation of tectonic plates in three-dimensional mantle convection. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 157, 9—22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tackley, P. (2000 Self-consistent generation of tectonic plates in time-dependent, three-dimensional mantle convection simulations, 1. Pseudoplastic yielding. G3, 01, 23.Google Scholar
Trompert, R. and Hansen, U. (1998 Mantle convection simulations with rheologies that generate plate-like behaviour. Nature, 395, 686—689.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tucholke, B.E., Houtz, R.E. and Ludwig, W.J. (1982 Sediment thickness and depth to basement in the western North Atlantic Ocean basin. AAPG Bulletin, 66, 1384—1395.Google Scholar
Tullis, T.E., Horowitz, F.G. and Tullis, J. (1991 Flow laws for polyphase aggregates from end member flow laws. Journal of Geophysical Research, 96, 8081—8096.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turcotte, D.L., Morein, G., Roberts, D. and Malamud, B.D. (1999 Catastrophic resurfacing and episodic subduction on Venus. Icarus, 139, 49—54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van der Meijde, M., Marone, F., van der Lee, S. and Giardini, D. (2003 Seismological evidence for water deep in Earth's upper mantle. Science, 300, 1556—1558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagner, W. and Pruss, A. (2002 The IAPWS formulation 1995 for the thermodynamic properties of ordinary water substance for general and scientific use. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 31, 387—535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Witt, G. and Seck, H.A. (1989 Origin of amphibole in recrystallized and porphyroclastic mantle xenoliths from the Rhenish Massif; implications for the nature of mantle metasomatism. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 91, 327—340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, B.J. (1995 The effect of H2O on the 410- kilometer seismic discontinuity. Science, 268, 74—76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed