Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T07:10:40.908Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Synthesis of thallium-leucite (TlAlSi2O6) pseudomorph after analcime

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

A. Kyono ,
M. Kimata ,
M. Shimizu ,
S. Saito ,
N. Nishida  and
T. Hatta
A. Kyono
Affiliation:
Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
M. Kimata
Affiliation:
Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
M. Shimizu
Affiliation:
Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
S. Saito
Affiliation:
Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
N. Nishida
Affiliation:
Chemical Analysis Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
T. Hatta
Affiliation:
Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1–2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Thallium leucite, TlAlSi2O6, has been synthesized at 450°C for 7 days, under ambient conditions, by the transformation of dehydrated analcime NaAlSi2O6 in the presence of excess TlCl. This substitution of Tl for Na leads to confirmation of a thallium-leucite pseudomorph after analcime. Their optical properties, X-ray powder diffraction patterns, electron microprobe analysis, infrared spectra, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have characterized the synthetic Tl-leucites. The IR spectra show that the mid-IR modes T-O stretching and T-O-T bending vibrations for TlAlSi2O6 are more resemblant of those for analcime than for leucite, KAlSi2O6. This resemblance implies that Tl cation enters the W-site rather than the S-site in the analcime structure: Na (S) + H2O (W) ⇋ □ + K (leucite) ⇋ □ + Tl (Tl- leucite), where □ represents an S-site vacancy. The mechanism of this substitution is supported by the crystal chemical constraints: inasmuch as the S-site is smaller than the W-site, Tl+ cations being larger than Na+ plainly prefer the latter site to the former. One inference from the binding energy for Tl+ by XPS is that Tl+ occupies the extra-framework site in synthetic leucite pseudomorph, rather than the smaller tetrahedral site. The difference in Al/Si disordering between analcime and leucite and the nonstoichiometry due to the solid solution of the □Si3O6 component into the leucite structure may provide a fundamental insight into understanding why TlAlSi2O6 deviates from the trend defined by K-, Rb- and CsAlSi2O6 leucite series on the a-c parameter diagram, inasmuch as these three cations in the leucite structure occupy the W-sites. Finally, synthesis of TlAlSi2O6 leucite has an implication for the existence of other polymorphs due to different degrees of Al/Si disordering, except for high- and low-temperature leucites already known: natural leucites crystallized directly through igneous processes are different from those formed by substitution of K for Na in analcimes.

Keywords

thalliumleucitepseudomorphanalcimesubstitution
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 63 , Issue 1 , February 1999 , pp. 75 - 83
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Artioli, G. and Kvick, A. (1990) Synchrotron X-ray rietveld study of perlialite, the natural counterpart of synthetic zeolite-L. Eur. J. Mineral., 2, 749–759.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakakin, V.V., Alekseev, V.I., Seryotkin, Y.V., Belitsky, I.A. and Fursenko, B.A. (1994) Crystal structure of dehydrated analcime (in Russian). Dokl. RAN., 339, 520–4.Google Scholar
Barrer, R.M. and Hinds, L. (1950) Ion-exchange and ion-sieve processes in crystalline zeolites. J. Chem. Soc., 2342–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrer, R.M. and Hinds, L. (1953) Ion-exchange in crystals of analcite and leucite. J. Chem. Soc., 1879–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrer, R.M., Baynham, J.W. and McCallum, N. (1953a) Hydrothermal chemistry of the silicates. V. Compounds structurally related to analcite. J. Chem. Soc., 4035–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrer, R.M., Hinds, L. and White, E.A. (1953b) The hydrothermal chemistry of silicates. Part III. Reactions of analcite and leucite. J. Chem. Soc., 1466–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, A.M.T. and Henderson, C.M.B. (1994) Rietveld refinement of the structures of dry-synthesized MFeIIISi2O6 leucites (M = K, Rb, Cs) by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. Acta Crystallogr., C50, 1531–6.Google Scholar
Černý, P., Meintzer, R.E. and Anderson, A.J. (1985) Extreme fractionation in rare-element granitic pegmatites: selected examples of data and mechan- isms. Canad. Mineral., 23, 381–421.Google Scholar
Ducros, P. (1960) Etude de la mobilite de l'eau et des cations dans quelques zeolite par relaxation dielec-trique et resonance magnetique nucleaire. Bull. Soc. Fr. Mineral. Cristallogr. 53, 85–112.Google Scholar
Gottardi, G. and Galli, E. (1985) Natural zeolites. (Minerals and rocks, vol. 18) Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 409 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grundy, H.D. and Ito, J. (1974) The refinement of the crystal structure of a synthetic non-stoichiometric Sr feldspar. Amer. Mineral., 59, 1319–26.Google Scholar
Gupta, A.K. and Yagi, K. (1980) Petrology and Genesis of Leucite-Bearing Rocks. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 252 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hochella, M.F. Jr. (1995) Mineral surfaces: their characterization and their chemical, physical and reaction. In: Mineral Surfaces, (Vaughan, D.J., and Pattrick, R.A.D., eds) Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 17–60.Google Scholar
Holland, T.J.B. and Redfern, S.A.T. (1997) Unit cell refinement from powder diffraction data: the use of regression diagnostics. Mineral. Mag., 61, 65–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hori, H., Nagashima, K., Yamada, M., Miyawaki, R. and Marubashi, T. (1986) Ammonioleucite, a new mineral from Tatarazawa, Fujioka, Japan. Amer. Mineral., 71, 1022–7.Google Scholar
Kimata, M. (1988) The crystal structure of non-stoichiometric Eu-anorthite: an explanation of the Eu-positive anomaly. Mineral. Mag., 52, 257–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimata, M., Nishida, N., Shimizu, M., Saito, S., Matsui, T. and Arakawa, Y. (1995) Anorthite megacrysts from the island arc basalt. Mineral. Mag., 59, 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liebau, F. (1985) Structural Chemistry of Silicates. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 347 pp.Google Scholar
Martin, R.F. and Lagache, M. (1975) Cell edges and infrared spectra of synthetic leucites and pollucites in the system KAlSi2O6-RbAlSi2O6-CsAlSi2O6 . Canad. Mineral., 13, 275–81.Google Scholar
Mazzi, F., Galli, E. and Gottardi, G. (1976) The crystal structure of tetragonal leucite. Amer. Mineral., 61, 108–15.Google Scholar
Mazzi, F. and Galli, E. (1978) Is each analcime different? Amer. Mineral., 63, 448–60.Google Scholar
Mitchell, R.H. (1996) Undersaturated Alkaline Rocks: Mineralogy, Petrogenesis, and Economic Potential. Short Course Vol. 24, Miner. Assoc. Canada, 312 pp.Google Scholar
Moroz, N.K., Afanassyev, I.S., Fursenko, B.A. and Belitsky, I.A. (1998) Ion mobility and dynamic disordering of water in analcime. Phys. Chem. Minerals, 25, 282–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murdoch, J.B., Stebbins, J.F., Carmichael, I.S.E. and Pines, A. (1988) A silicon-29 nuclear magnetic resonance study of silicon-aluminum ordering in leucite and analcite. Phys. Chem. Minerals, 15, 370–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newnham, R.E. (1967) Crystal structure and optical properties of pollucite. Amer. Mineral., 52, 1515–8.Google Scholar
Nishida, N., Kimata, M., Kyono, A., Togawa, Y., Shimizu, M. and Hori, H. (1997) First finding of thallium-bearing ammonioleucite: A signal for the ultimate stage of the hydrothermal process and for a far-reaching effect from seawater alteration of MORB. Ann. Rep., Inst. Geosci., Univ. Tsukuba, 23, 35–41.Google Scholar
Norby, P., Andersen, I.G. Krogh, Andersen, E. Krogh, Colella, C. and De'Gennaro, M. (1991) Synthesis and structure of lithium cesium and lithium thallium cancrinites. Zeolites, 11, 248–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, D.C., Salje, E. and Schmahl, W.W. (1989) Phase transitions in leucite: X-ray diffraction studies. Phys. Chem. Minerals, 16, 714–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, D.C. and Salje, E.K.H. (1990) Phase-transitions in leucite — dielectric properties and transition mechanism. Phys. Chem. Minerals., 17, 444–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pechar, F. (1988) The crystal structure of natural monoclinic analcime (NaAlSi2O6.H2O). Z. Kristallogr., 184, 63–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shannon, R.D. (1976) Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr., A32, 751–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, J.V. and Brown, W.L. (1988) Feldspar Minerals. Crystal structure, Physical, Chemical, and Microtextural Properties. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 828 pp.Google Scholar
Taylor, D. and Henderson, C.M.B. (1968) The thermal expansion of the leucite group of minerals. Amer. Mineral., 53, 1476–89.Google Scholar
Torres-Martinez, L.M. and West, A.R. (1986) New family of phases with the pollucite structure. Z. Kristallogr., 175, 1–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torres-Martinez, L.M. and West, A.R. (1989) Pollucite-related and leucite-related phases (A 2 BX 5O12 and ACX 2O6; A = K, Rb, Cs; B = Be, Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd; C = B, Al, Ga, Fe, Cr; X = Si, Ge). Z. Anorg. Chem., 576, 223–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wong-Ng, W., McMurdie, F.H., Paretzkin, B., Hubbard, C.R., Doragoo, A.L. and Stewart, J.M. (1987) Standard X-ray diffraction powder patterns of fifteen ceramic phases. Powder Diffraction, 2(2), 106–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zemann, J. (1993) Thallium in Mineralogie und Geochemie. Mitt. Osterr. Mineral. Ges., 138, 75–91.Google Scholar
Zunic, T.B., Moelo, Y., Loncar, Z. and Micheelsen, H. (1994) Dorallcharite, Tl0.8K0.2Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6, a new member of the jarosite-alunite family. Eur. J. Mineral., 6, 255–63.Google Scholar