Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T10:12:56.819Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Structural anomalies in tobelite-2M2 explained by high resolution and analytical electron microscopy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

G. C. Capitani ,
E. Schingaro ,
M. Lacalamita ,
E. Mesto  and
F. Scordari
G. C. Capitani
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e del Territorio e di Scienze della Terra, Università di Milano Bicocca, P.za della Scienza 4, I-20126 Milano, Italy
E. Schingaro*
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
M. Lacalamita
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
E. Mesto
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
F. Scordari
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation was undertaken in order to elucidate the nature of the structural disorder in a tobelite specimen from the sedimentary rocks of the Armorican sandstones (western France). This structural disorder may be the origin of residual electron-density maxima in difference-Fourier maps reported previously in single-crystal XRD studies of tobelite. The TEM investigation of tobelite confirmed that it is the 2M2 polytype in subfamily-B, but the ordered sequence is interrupted by numerous stacking faults parallel to (001), for which the stacking vectors belong to both subfamilies-A and -B of mica polytypes, with a prevalence of the latter. Chemical heterogeneity depending on the Si/Al ratio and Na and Mg concentration was observed at the nanoscale among different mica lamellae in a single crystal. The observed variations are consistent with a change in mica chemistry leading to interlayer vacancies which may cause shortening of the interlayer separation, as revealed by the single-crystal structure refinements.

Keywords

Tobelite2M2 PolytypeElectron MicroscopyStacking Disorder
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 80 , Issue 1 , February 2016 , pp. 143 - 156
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahn, J.H., Peacor, D.R. and Essene, E.J. (1986) Cation-diffusion-induced characteristic beam damage in transmission electron microscope images of micas. Ultramicroscopy, 19, 375–381. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Backhaus, K.O. and Ďurovič, S. (1984) Polytypism of micas; I, MDO polytypes and their derivation. Clays and Clay Minerals, 32, 453–463. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Busigny, V and Bebout, G.E. (2013) Nitrogen in the silicate Earth: Speciation and isotopic behavior during mineral-fluid interactions. Elements, 9, 353–358. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capitani, G.C., Oleynikov, P., Hovmöeller, S. and Mellini, M. (2006) A practical method to detect and correct for lens distortion in the TEM. Ultramicroscopy, 106, 66–74. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cliff, G. and Lorimer, G.W. (1975) The quantitative analysis of thin specimens. Journal of Microscopy, 103(2), 203–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drits, V.A., Lindgreen, H. and Salyn, A.L. (1997) Determination of the content and distribution of fixed ammonium in illite- smectite by X-ray diffrac¬tion: Application to North Sea illite-smectite. American Mineralogist, 82, 79–87. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drits, V.A., Sakharov, B.A., Ivanovskaya, T.A. and Pokrovskaya, E.V. (2013) Crystal-chemical micro-heterogeneity of Precambrian globular dioctahedral mica minerals. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 48 (6), 489–513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ďurovič, S., Weiss, Z. and Backhaus, K.-O. (1984) Polytypism of micas. II. Classification and abundance of MDO polytypes. Clays and Clay Minerals, 32, 464–474. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferraris, G. and Ivaldi, G. (2002) Structural features of micas. Pp. 117-153 in: Micas: Crystal Chemistry and Metamorphic Petrology (A. Mottana F.P. Sassi J.B. Jr. Thompson and S. Guggenheim, editors). Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 46. Mineralogical Society of America and the Geochemical Society, Chantilly, Virginia.Google Scholar
Ferraris, G., Gula, A., Ivaldi, G., Nespolo, M., Sokolova, E., Uvarova, Y and Khomyakov, A.P. (2001) First structure determination of an MDO-2O mica polytype associated with a 1M polytype. European Journal of Mineralogy, 13(6), 1013-1013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fregola, R.A., Capitani, G.C., Scandale, E. and Ottolini, L. (2009) Chemical control of 3 T stacking order in a Li-poor biotite mica. American Mineralogist, 94, 334–344. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giuseppetti, G. and Tadini, C. (1972) The crystal structure o. 2O brittle mica: anandite. Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 18, 169–184. Google Scholar
Gloaguen, E., Branquet, Y., Boulvais, P., Moëlo, Y., Chauvel, J.-J., Chiappero, P.-J. and Marcoux, E. (2007) Paleozoic oolitic irestone of the French Armorican Massif: a chemical and structural trap for orogenic base metal-As-Sb-Au mineralisation during Hercynian strike-slip deformation. Mineralium Deposita, 42(4), 399–399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harlov, D.E., Andrut, M. and Pöter, B. (2001) Characterisation of tobelite (NH4)Al2[AlSi3O10] (OH)2 and ND4-tobelite (ND4)Al2[AlSi3O10](OD)2using IR spectroscopy and Rietveld refinement of XRD spectra. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 28, 268–276. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Higashi, S. (1982) Tobelite, a new ammonium dioctahe¬dral mica. Mineralogical Journal, 11,138—146 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hovis, G.L., Harlov, D. and Gottshalk, M. (2004) Solution calorimetric determination of the enthalpies of formation of NH4-bearing minerals buddingtonite and tobelite. American Mineralogist, 89, 85—93 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iijama, S. and Buseck, P.R. (1978) Experimental study of disordered mica structures by high-resolution electron microscopy. Acta Crystallographica, A,, 709—719 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juster, T.C., Brown, P.E. and Bailey, S.W. (1987) NH4-bearing illite in very low grade metamorphic rocks associated with coal, northeastern Pennsylvania. American Mineralogist, 72, 555—565 Google Scholar
Kameda, J., Miyawaki, R., Drits, V.A. and Kogure, T. (2007) Polytype and morphological analyses of gümbelite, a fibrous Mg-rich illite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 55, 453–466. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kilaas, R. (1998) Optimal and near-optimal filters in high-resolution electron microscopy. Journal of Microscopy, 190,45–51 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kogure, T (2002) Investigations of micas using advanced transmission electron microscopy. Pp. 281-312 in: Micas: Crystal Chemistry and Metamorphic Petrology (A. Mottana F.P. Sassi J.B. Thompson Jr. and S. Guggenheim, editors). Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 46. Mineralogical Society of America, Chantilly, Virginia.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kogure, T (2013) Electron Microscopy. Pp. 275-317 in: Handbook of Clay Science, second edition (F. Bergaya and G. Lagaly, editors). Developments in clay science, 5. Elsevier.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kogure, T and Bunno, M. (2004) Investigation of polytypes in lepidolite using electron back-scattered diffraction. American Mineralogist, 89, 1680—1684.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kogure, T and Nespolo, M. (1999a) First occurrence of a stacking sequence including (±60°, 180°) rotations in Mg-rich annite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 47, 784–792. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kogure, T and Nespolo, M. (1999b) A TEM study of long-period mica polytypes: determination of the stacking sequence of oxybiotite by means of atomic resolution images and Periodic Intensity Distribution (PID). Acta Cristallographica, B Google Scholar
Kogure, T., Kameda, J. and Drits, V.A. (2008) Stacking faults with 180° layer rotation in celadonite, an Fe- and Mg-rich dioctahedral mica. Clays and Clay Minerals, 56, 612–621. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levinson, A.A. (1953) Studies in the mica group; relationship between polymorphism and composition in the muscovite-lepidolite series. American Mineralogist, 38, 88–107. Google Scholar
Liang, S., Ren, D., Wang, S. and Yao, G. (1997) Study of aluminium hydroxide minerals in tonsteins from Carbonifeous-permian coal-bearing series in nothern China. Scienta Geologica Sinica, 32, 478—486 Google Scholar
Lin, C.-Y.and Bailey, S.W. (1984) The crystal structure of paragonite-2M1 . American Mineralogist, 69, 122–127. Google Scholar
Mesto, E., Scordari, F., Lacalamita, L. and Schingaro, E. (2012) Tobelite and NHþ4-rich muscovite single crystals from Ordovician Armorican sandstones (Brittany, France): Structure and crystal chemistry. American Mineralogist, 97, 1460–1468. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, D.R. (2007) HRTEM filter.Digital_Micrograph_Script_Database.http://felmpc14 .tugraz.ac.at/dm_scripts/freeware/pro grams/hrtem_filter.htm.Google Scholar
Mugnaioli, E., Capitani, G.C., Nieto, F. and Mellini, M. (2009) Accurate and precise lattice parameters by selected-area electron diffraction in the transmission electron microscope. American Mineralogist, 94, 793–800. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nespolo, M. (1999) Analysis of family reflections of OD mica polytypes, and its application to twin identifica¬tion. MineralogicalJournal, 21, 53–85. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nespolo, M (2001) Perturbative theory of mica polytyp-ism. Role of the M2 layer in the formation of inhomogeneous polytypes. Clays and Clay Minerals, 49, 1–23.Google Scholar
Ni, Y and Hughes, J.M. (1996) The crystal structure of nanpingite-2M2, the Cs end-member of muscovite. American Mineralogist, 81, 105–110. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nieto, F. (2002) Characterization of coexisting NH4- and K-micas in very low-grade metapelites. American Mineralogist, 87, 205–216. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ottolini, L., Scordari, F. and Mesto, E. (2014) A new application of SIMS to the analysis of nitrogen in mica minerals: tobelite. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 55, 1—10 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pöter, B., Gottschalk, M. andHeinrich, W. (2007) Crystal-chemistry of synthetic K-feldspar-buddingtonite and muscovite-tobelite solid solutions. American Mineralogist, 92, 151–165. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rayner, J.H. and Brown, G. (1966) Structure of pyrophyllite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 25, 73–84. Google Scholar
Ruiz Cruz, M.D. (2011) NH4-bearing micas in poly-metamorphic Alpujárride micaschists and gneisses from the central zone of the Betic Cordillera (Spain): tectono-metamorphic and crystal-chemical constraints. Mineralogy and Petrology, 101,225–244 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruiz Cruz, M.D. and Sanz de Galdeano, C. (2008) High-temperature ammonium white mica from the Betic Cordillera (Spain). American Mineralogist, 93, 977–987. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schreyer, W., Medenbach, O., Abraham, K., Gebert, W., Müller, W.F. (1982) Kulkeite, a new metamorphic phyllosilicate mineral: Ordered 1:1 chlorite/talc mixed-layer. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 80, 103–109. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shimoda, S. (1970) A hydromuscovite from the Shakanai Mine, Akita Prefecture, Japan. Clays and Clay Minerals, 18, 269–274. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, J.V. and Yoder, H.S. (1956) Experimental and theoretical studies of the mica polymorphs. Mineralogical Magazine, 31, 209—235 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takeda, H. and Ross, M. (1995) Mica polytypism: identification and origin. American Mineralogist, 80, 715–724. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tartese, R., Poujol, M., Gloaguen, E., Boulvais, P., Drost, K., Kosler, J. and Ntaflos, T (2014) Hydrothermal activity during tectonic building of the Variscan orogen recorded by U-Pb systematic of xenotime in the Gres Armoricain formation, Massif Armoricain, France. Mineralogy and Petrology, 109,485–500 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Veblen, D.R. (1983a) Exsolution and crystal chemistry of the sodium mica wonesite. American Mineralogist, 68, 554–565. Google Scholar
Veblen, D.R. (1983b) Microstructures and mixed layering in intergrown wonesite, chlorite, talc, biotite, and kaolinite. American Mineralogist, 68, 566—580 Google Scholar
Wilson, P.N., Parry, W.T. and Nash, W.P. (1992) Characterization of hydrothermal tobelitic veins from black shale, Oquirrh Mountains, Utah. Clays and Clay Minerals, 40, 405–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhoukhlistov, A.P., Zvyagin, B.B., Soboleva, S.V. and Fedotov, A.F. (1973) The crystal structure of the dioctahedral mic. 2M2 determined by high voltage electron diffraction. Clays and Clay Minerals, 21, 465–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zvyagin, B.B. (1988) Polytypism of crystal structures. Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 16, 569–591. CrossRefGoogle Scholar