Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T13:40:46.189Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of kalsilite by using a kaolinitic rock from Sardinia, Italy, and its application in the production of biodiesel

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2018

Daniela Novembre ,
Domingo Gimeno ,
Nicola d'Alessandro  and
Lucia Tonucci
Daniela Novembre*
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Geologia, Università degli Studi “G. d'Annunzio”, 66013 Chieti, Italy
Domingo Gimeno
Affiliation:
Dept. de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Nicola d'Alessandro
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Geologia, Università degli Studi “G. d'Annunzio”, 66013 Chieti, Italy
Lucia Tonucci
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Filosofiche, Pedagogiche ed Economico-Quantitative, Università degli Studi “G. d'Annunzio”, 66013 Chieti, Italy
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The present work deals with the synthesis of kalsilite using material from a kaolinitic rock outcrop in Romana, Sassary Province, Sardinia, Italy.

The hydrothermal synthesis method required the dissolution of kaolin and Al(OH)3 in a KOH solution at a temperature of 190°C and 1.013 bar. Crystallization of kalsilite was confirmed at 12 h in association with kaliophilite H2 as a metastable phase.

The products of synthesis were fully characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance. The amorphous phase in the synthesis powders was estimated with quantitative phase analysis using the combined Rietveld and reference intensity ratio methods. Cell parameters and density were also calculated for the kalsilite. A potential application of kalsilite was investigated as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel synthesis from sunflower oil used for frying.

Keywords

hydrothermal synthesiskalsilitebiodiesel
Type
Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 82 , Issue 4 , August 2018 , pp. 961 - 973
Copyright
Copyright © Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Associate Editor: Andrew Christy

References

Andou, Y. and Kawahara, A. (1984) The refinement of the structure of synthetic kalsilite. Mineralogical Journal, 12, 153–161.Google Scholar
Becerro, A.I., Escudero, A. and Mantovani, M. (2009 a) The hydrothermal conversion of kaolinite to kalsilite: Influence of time, temperature, and pH. American Mineralogist, 94, 1672–1678.Google Scholar
Becerro, A.I., Mantovani, M. and Escudero, A. (2009 b) Hydrothermal synthesis of kalsilite: a simple and economical method. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 92, 2204–2206.Google Scholar
Berrios, M., Martín, M.A., Chica, A.F. and Martín, A. (2010) Study of esterification and transesterification in biodiesel production from used frying oils in a closed system. Chemical Engineering Journal, 160, 473–479.Google Scholar
Bogdanoviciene, I., Jankeviciute, A., Pinkas, J., Beganskiene, A. and Kareiva, A. (2007) Sol-gel synthesis and characterization of Kalsilite-type alumosilicates. Materials Science-Medziagotyra, 13, 3, 1392–1320.Google Scholar
Canale, V., Tonucci, L., Bressan, M. and d'Alessandro, N. (2014) Deoxydehydration of glycerol to allyl alcohol catalyzed by rhenium derivatives. Catalysis Science and Technology, 4, 3697–3704.Google Scholar
Chaisena, A. and Rangsriwatananon, K. (2005) Synthesis of sodium zeolites from natural and modified diatomite. Materials Letters, 59, 1474–1479.Google Scholar
Cheng, H., Liu, Q., Zhang, J., Yang, J. and Frost, R.L. (2010 a) Delamination of kaolinite-potassium acetate intercalates by ball-milling. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 348, 355–359.Google Scholar
Cheng, H., Yang, J., Liu, Q., Zhang, J. and Frost, R.L. (2010 b) A spectroscopic comparison of selected Chinese kaolinite, coal bearing kaolinite and halloysite – A mid-infrared and near-infrared study. Spectrochimica Acta A, 77, 856–861.Google Scholar
Dimitrijevic, R. and Dondur, V. (1995) Synthesis and characterization of KAlSiO4 Polymorphs on the SiO2–KAlO2 join. II. The end-member of ANA-type zeolite framework. Journal of the Solid State Chemistry, 115, 214–224.Google Scholar
Dollase, W.A. and Freeborn, W.P. (1977) The structure of KAlSiO4 with P63mc symmetry. American Mineralogist, 62, 336–340.Google Scholar
Fernandez-Turiel, J.L., Gimeno, D., Rodríguez, J.J., Carnicero, M. and Valero, F. (2003) Factors influencing the quality of a surface water supply system: the Ter river, northeastern Spain. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 12, 67–75.Google Scholar
Frost, R.L., Locos, O.B., Kristof, J.J. and Kloprogge, J.T. (2001 a) Infrared Spectroscopic study of potassium and cesium acetate-intercalated kaolinites. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 26, 33–42.Google Scholar
Frost, R.L., Makó, É., Kristóf, J., Horváth, É. and Kloprogge, J.T. (2001 b) Modification of kaolinite surfaces by mechanochemical treatment. Langmuir, 17, 4731–4738.Google Scholar
Girardi, F., Cichelli, A., Perri, E., Basti, C. and d'Alessandro, N. (2014) Oxidative treatments of solid olive residues: Effects on phenolic and fatty acid fractions. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 116, 352–359.Google Scholar
Gualtieri, A.F. (2000) Synthesis of sodium zeolites from a natural halloysite. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 28, 719–728.Google Scholar
Hamilton, D.L. and Henderson, C.M.B. (1968) The preparation of silicate compositions by a gelling method. Mineralogical Magazine, 36, 832–838.Google Scholar
Heller-Kallai, L. and Lapides, I. (2003) Thermal reactions of kaolinite with potassium carbonate. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 71, 689–698.Google Scholar
Henderson, C.M.B. and Taylor, D. (1988) The structural behaviour of the nepheline family: (3) Thermal expansion of kalsilite. Mineralogical Magazine, 52, 708–711.Google Scholar
Kawahara, A., Andou, Y., Marumo, F. and Okomo, M. (1987) The crystal structure of high temperature form of kalsilite (KAlSiO4) at 950°C. Mineralogical Journal, 13, 260–270.Google Scholar
Kopp, O.C., Harris, L.A. and Clark, G.W. (1961) The hydrothermal conversion of muscovite to kalsilite and an iron-rich mica. American Mineralogist, 46, 719–727.Google Scholar
Kosanović, C., Subotic, B., Śmit, I., Čižmek, A., Stubicar, M. and Tonejc, A. (1997) Study of structural transformations in potassium-exchanged zeolite A induced by thermal and mechanochemical treatments. Journal of Material Science, 32, 73–78.Google Scholar
Kumar, P.H., Kumar Singh, V. and Kumar, P. (2015) Mechanochemically synthesized kalsilite based bioactive glass-ceramic composite for dental vaneering. Applied Nanoscience, 1–6.Google Scholar
Lam, M.K., Tan, K.T., Lee, K.T. and Mohamed, A.R. (2009) Malaysian palm oil: surviving the food versus fuel dispute for a sustainable future. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13, 1456–1464.Google Scholar
Lam, M.K., Lee, K.T. and Mohamed, A.R. (2010) Homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzymatic catalysis for transesterification of high free fatty acid oil (waste cooking oil) to biodiesel: A review. Biotechnology Advances, 28, 500–518.Google Scholar
Larson, A.C. and Von Dreele, R.B. (1997) General Structure Analysis System (GSAS). Los Alamos National Laboratory Report Laur, 86–748.Google Scholar
Leung, D.Y.C., Wu, X. and Leung, M.K.H. (2010) A review on biodiesel production using catalyzed transesterification. Applied Energy Journal, 87, 1083–1095.Google Scholar
Novembre, D., Di Sabatino, B., Gimeno, D., Garcia Valles, M. and Martinez Manent, S. (2004) Synthesis of Na-X zeolites from tripolaceous deposits (Crotone, Italy) and volcanic zeolitised rocks (Vico Volcano, Italy). Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 75, 1–11.Google Scholar
Novembre, D., Di Sabatino, B. and Gimeno, D. (2005) Synthesis of Na-A zeolite from 10 Å halloysite and a new crystallization kinetic model for the transformation of Na-A into HS zeolite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 53, 28–36.Google Scholar
Novembre, D., Gimeno, D., Pasculli, A. and Di Sabatino, B. (2010) Synthesis and characterization of sodalite using natural kaolinite: an analytical and mathematical approach to simulate the loss in weight of chlorine during the synthesis process. Fresenius Environmental Bullettin, 19, 1109–1117.Google Scholar
Novembre, D., Di Sabatino, B., Gimeno, D. and Pace, C. (2011) Synthesis and characterization of Na-X, Na-A, and Na-P zeolites and hydroxysodalite from metakaolinite. Clay Minerals, 46, 339–354.Google Scholar
Novembre, D., Pace, C. and Gimeno, D. (2014) Syntheses and characterization of zeolites K-F and W type using a diatomite precursor. Mineralogical Magazine, 78, 1209–1225.Google Scholar
Novembre, D., Pace, C. and Gimeno, D. (2017) Synthesis and characterization of wollasonite 2M by using a diatomite precursor. Mineralogical Magazine, 82, 95–110.Google Scholar
Okamoto, Y. (1997) Structural modification of KAlSiO4 minerals. Okayama University Earth Science Reports, 4, 41–72.Google Scholar
Okamoto, Y. and Kawahara, A. (1996) Interpretation of the crystal structure of synthetic kaliophilite from the domain structure of kalsilite. Okayama University Earth Science Reports, 3, 57–64.Google Scholar
Perrotta, A.J. and Smith, J.V. (1965) The crystal structure of kalsilite, KAlSiO4. Mineralogical Magazine, 35, 588–595.Google Scholar
Qtaitat, M.A. and Al-Trawneh, I.N. (2005) Characterization of kaolinite of the Baten El-Ghoul region/south Jordan by infrared spectroscopy. Spectrochimica Acta A, 61, 1519–1523.Google Scholar
Robert, J.L., Della Ventura, G. and Thauvin, J.L. (1989) The infrared OH-stretching region of synthetic richterites in the system Na2O–K2O–CaO–MgO–SiO2–H2O–HF. European Journal of Mineralogy, 1, 203–211.Google Scholar
Ruggieri, F., Saavedra, J., Fernandez-Turiel, J.L., Gimeno, D. and Garcia-Valles, M. (2010) Environmental geochemistry of ancient volcanic ashes. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 183, 353–365.Google Scholar
Smith, J.V. and Tuttle, O.F. (1957) The nepheline-kalsilite system; Part I, X-ray data for the crystalline phases. American Journal of Science, 255, 282–305.Google Scholar
Stebbins, J.F., Murdoch, J.B., Carmichael, I.S.E. and Pines, A. (1986) Defects and short-range order in nepheline group minerals: a Silicon-29 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance study. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 13, 371–381.Google Scholar
Toby, B.H. (2001) EXPGUI, a graphical user interface for GSAS. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 34, 210–213.Google Scholar
Tonucci, L., Coccia, F., Bressan, M. and d'Alessandro, N. (2012) Mild photocatalysed and catalysed green oxidation of lignin: A useful pathway to low-molecular-weight derivatives. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 3, 165–174.Google Scholar
Tuttle, O.F. and Smith, J.V. (1958) The nephelinekalsilite system; II, Phase relations. American Journal Science, 256, 571–589.Google Scholar
Wen, G., Yan, Z., Smith, M., Zhang, P. and Wen, B. (2010) Kalsilite based heterogeneos catalyst for biodiesel production. Fuel, 89, 2163–2165.Google Scholar
Zhang, Y., Lv, M., Chen, D. and Wu, J. (2007) Leucite cristallization kinetics with kalsilite as a transition phase. Materials Letters, 61, 2978–2981.Google Scholar