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Notes on some Bolivian minerals (Jamesonite, Andorite, Cassiterite, Tourmaline, &c.)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2018

L. J. Spencer
L. J. Spencer*
Affiliation:
Mineral Department of the British Museum
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Extract

During the last twelve years I have communicated to this Society, often in collaboration with Dr. G. T. Prior, several papers descriptive of Bolivian minerals. These papers have dealt primarily with the species augelite, andorite, argyrodite, stannite, and chaleostibite, though many others have been examined and in some cases incidentally mentioned. The latter, as being of lesser general interest, or as not having led to sufficiently important results for separate publication, are now collected together in the present notes.

Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical magazine and journal of the Mineralogical Society , Volume 14 , Issue 67 , September 1907 , pp. 308 - 344
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1907

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References

Page 309 note 1 A brief description of this collection has been given by Pöhlmann, R., ‘Die Mineralien-Sammlung des + Theodor Hohmann.’ Verh. Deutsch. wiss. Ver. Santiago de Chile, 1899, vol. iv, pp. 75–86 Google Scholar.

Page 309 note 2 Roberts, M., ‘Minerals found in the silver lodes of Tatasi and Portugalete, Bolivia.’ Trans. Inst. Mining and Metallurgy, London, 1899, vol. vii, pp. 91-3Google Scholar.

Page 309 note 3 Spencer, L. J., ‘A description of the mineral specimens brought from Bolivia by Sir W. Martin Conway.’ Pp. 383-66Google Scholar in Sir Martin Conway, ‘The Bolivian Andes, a record of climbing and exploration in the Cordillera Real in the years 1898 and 1900.’ Harper & Brothers, London and New York, 1901.

The appendix of this volume also includes notes on other natural history specimens–the rock specimens were described by Professor T. G. Bonney (pp. 366-86)–but unfortunately there are no indications on the title-page nor in the index of their existence. Figs. 1, 2, 8, and 10 in the present paper are reproduced from Sir Martin Conway's book, the electrotypes having been kindly supplied by the publishers,

Page 310 note 1 Compare this vol., p. 207.

Page 310 note 2 This occurrence has already been mentioned by Frenzel, A. (Neues Jahrb. Min., 1893, vol. ii, p. 126)Google Scholar. Here the locality is given incorrectly as ‘Cerro de Uleina’.

Page 310 note 3 The statement of the cleavages of jamesonite given in the textbooks dates back to F. Mohs (1824). The basal cleavage, c(001), though good, can scarcely be described as perfect, and the others, m(110) and b(010), probably do not exist. The latter were not to be observed on any of the jamesonites I have examined; any apparent cleavage in these directions can be explained by the parallel aggregation of the acicular crystals.

Page 311 note 1 English translation of Mohs's, F. ‘Treatise of Mineralogy’, Edinburgh, 1825, vol. iii, p. 26 Google Scholar; Edinburgh Journ. Sci., 1825, vol. it, p. 374. The manuscript catalogue of the Allan collection, now in the British Museum, gives, under date 1824, this angle as 78° 30′, the entry referring to acicular Cornish crystals. The axial ratio corresponding with Haidinger's angle is erroneously given in the textbooks as a : b = 1 : 0.915.

Page 311 note 2 Min. Mag., 1897, vol. xi, p. 290.

Page 313 note 3 The excess is, however, not sufficient for iron-pyrites.

Page 314 note 1 Loc. cit., p. 859.

Page 314 note 2 Min. Mag., 1895; vol. xi, p. 23; 1897, vol. xi, p. 299.

Page 314 note 3 Min. Mag., 1899, vol. xii, p. 55.

Page 315 note 1 Compare the table of analyses and sp. gr. given in Min. Mag., vol. xii, p. 65.

Page 315 note 2 Compare this vol., p. 207.

Page 315 note 3 Phil. Mag., 1865, ser. 4, vol. xxix. p. 10. In an earlier paper (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1861, vol. xvii, p. 61) Forbes gives the name plagionite in a list of minerals occurring in the Bolivian mineral-veins.

Page 316 note 1 Compare Min. Mag, 1897, vol. xi, p. 286.

Page 316 note 2 Min. Mag., 1901, vol. xiii, p. 55.

Page 318 note 1 The faces (310), (320), and (201) were not present on the crystals, but their positions were fixed approximately by means of rough graduations on the crystal adjustment ares of the goniometer.

Page 320 note 1 P. von Groth. ‘Tabell. Uebers. d. Mineralien,’ 1898, 4th edition, pp. 32-3. The parameters (0.5747 : 1 : 0.5618) actually given by Groth are based on the less accurate measurements of Krenner. Groth incorrectly states that andorite has a perfect cleavage ; there is no cleavage.

Page 320 note 2 Min. Mag., 1901, vol. xiii, p. 61.

Page 320 note 3 With silver is included 0.65 to 0.73 per cent. of copper. Copper minerals were not found on any of the specimens used for analysis.

Page 321 note 1 See, e.g., Professor Miers's ‘Mineralogy’, 1902, p. 231.

Page 321 note 2 Amer. Journ. Sci., 1898, ser. 4, vol. vi, p. 316.

Page 322 note 1 Min. Mag., 18997 vol. xii, p. 66.

Page 322 note 2 Penfield, S. L. and Frenzel, A.. ‘On the identity of chalcostibite (wolfsbergite) and guejarite, and on chalcostibite from Huanchaca, Bolivia.’ Amer. Journ. Sci., 1897, ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 27 CrossRefGoogle Scholar ; Zeits. Kryst. Min., 1897, vol. xxviii, p. 598 ; abstract Min. Mag., 1897, vol. xi, p. 338.

Page 322 note 3 The locality, Machacamarca, Bolivia, given in Naumann's, C. F. ‘Elem. d. Min.’ (14th edit. by Zirkel, F., 1901, p. 451)Google Scholar and in Hintze's, C. ‘Handb. d. Min.’ (1902, vol. i, p. 996)Google Scholar, is based on von Sandberger's, F. determination of ‘guejarite’ (Neues Jahrb. Min., 1886, vol. i, p. 89)Google Scholar ; Sandberger, however, specially states that the mineral was not chalcostibite (with which ‘guejarite’ has since been proved to be identical). Compare Min. Mag., 1895, vol. xi, p. 23, and p. 314, above.

Page 322 note 4 Min. Mag., 1901, vol. xiii, p. 64.

Page 323 note 1 Min. Mag., 1895, vol. xi, p. 16 ; 1898, vol. xii, p. 1.

Page 325 note 1 The forms and angles are as given by Dana, ‘System of Mineralogy,’ 6th edit., 1892. Dana erroneously gives s {3̅11} for s {1̅31}.

Page 327 note 1 Sitzungsber. niederrhein. Ges., Bonn, 1886, Jahrg. xliii, p. 190.

Page 328 note 1 Min. Mag., 1901, vol. xiii, p. 54.

Page 328 note 2 On one specimen there are small crystals of chalybite, pyrargyrite, and pyrostilpnite. The pyrostilpnite has the form of thin blades, which, between crossed nicols, extinguish at 11° to their long edges. Goniometric measurements led to no definite results. On other specimens from Tatasi, blades of pyrostilpnite are associated with crystals of tetrahedrite.

Page 330 note 1 Values previously given for the prism (cleavage) angle are : 42° 17′ (W. Phillips, 1823), 43° 2′ (F. Mohs, 1824), 42° 18′ (P. von Groth, 1869), 41° 50′ (P. von Groth, 1874), 42° 41′ p (H. Laspeyres, 1884).

Page 331 note 1 Ann. k.k. naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, 1886, vol. i, p. 145.

Page 331 note 2 An analysis of acicular crystals of ‘white antimony’ from Perete in Tuscany gave E. Bechi (Amer. Journ. Sci., 1852, ser. 2, vol. xiv, p. 60) Sb, 78.83; O, 19.47 ; Fe, 1.25 ; gangue, 0.75 = 100.30. This suggests the formula Sb2O4, and is quoted by Dana (‘System of Mineralogy,’ 5th edit., 1868, p. 187) under cervantite.

Page 331 note 3 An attempt to determine the oxygen directly, by heating the mineral in a current of hydrogen and weighing the water so formed, was unsuccessful, owing to the ready fusibility of the reduced metal.

Page 331 note 4 Detected by the Babo-Fresenius test.

Page 331 note 5 The value, 5.566, usually quoted for the specific gravity of valentinite, is due to Haidinger, W. (Edinburgh Journ. Sci., 1825, vol. ii, p. 73 Google Scholar ; and quoted earlier in F. Mohs's ‘Grund-Riss d. Mineralogie,’ 1824).

Page 332 note 1 Phillips, W., Trans. Geol. Soc. London, 1814, vol. ii, p. 373 Google Scholar, plate 25, figs. 208-15. Haidinger, W., Edinburgh Journ. Sci, 1825, vol. iii, p. 61 Google Scholar, plate 3, fig. 7.

Page 334 note 1 The wolframite crystals have a brilliant lustre and are tabular parallel to t {102} ; the following forms were determined by the goniometrical measurement of one crystal :—a {100}, b {010), c {001), t {102}, m {110}, l {210}, f{011}, ω {111}, σ {121}.

The mispickel (arsenopyrite) crystals are bright with a purplish tarnish : in habit they are exactly like fig. 2 in Dana's ‘System of Mineralogy’ (6th edit., 1892, p. 98), though in addition to the forms e {101} and m {ll0}, which are equally developed, there are very narrow faces of c {001}.

Page 335 note 1 Min. Mag., 1876, vol. i, p. 55.

Page 335 note 2 These include altered dacite, clay-slate, quartz-grit, and quartzite.

Page 335 note 3 Another Bolivian occurrence of pyrophyllite is noted above (p. 324).

Page 336 note 1 Specimens of granite were collected by Sir Martin Conway high up on Mt. Sorata (see ‘Bolivian Andes’, p. 373).

Page 336 note 2 Stelzner, A. W.. ‘Die Silber-Zinnerzlagerstätten Bolivias. Ein Beitrag zur Naturgesehichte des Zinnerzes.’ Zeits. Deutseh. geol. Ges., 1897, vol. xlix, pp. 51–142 Google Scholar (see pp. 135-6).

Page 336 note 3 Loc. cit., p. 116.

Page 336 note 4 Zeits. Deutsch. geol. Ges., 1892, vol. xliv, p. 532 (footnote).

Page 336 note 5 Ibid., 1897, vol. xlix, p. 137.

Page 336 note 6 Phil. Mag., 1865, ser. 4, vol. xxix, p. 2.

Page 336 note 7 SirConway, M., ‘The Bolivian Andes,’ 1901, p. 372 Google Scholar

Page 336 note 8 Verh. Deutsch. wiss. Ver. Santiago de Chile, 1899, vol. iv, p. 83. Most of these specimens are probably from Chilian copper-lodes.

Page 336 note 9 Mineral Resources of the United States, for 1903, 1904, p. 966 (p. 60 of reprint).

Page 337 note 1 Trans. R. Geol. Soc. Cornwall, 1906, vol. xiii, p. 105. It is here stated that Mr. D. A. MacAlister has detected tourmaline in a specimen of Bolivian tin-ore.

Page 337 note 2 Zeits. Kryst. Min., 1884, vol. ix, p. 75.

Page 337 note 3 Zeits. Deutseh. geol. Ges., 1897, vol. xlix, p. 116.

Page 337 note 4 Zeits. Kryst. Min., 1880, vol. iv, p. 370 ; 1881, vol. v, p. 580.

Page 337 note 5 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1861, vol. xvii, p. 60.

Page 337 note 6 Domeyko, I., ‘Mineralojia,’ 3rd edit., Santiago de Chile, 1879, p. 717 Google Scholar.

Page 337 note 7 Kunz, G. F., Mineral Resources of the United States, for 1903, 1904, p. 968 Google Scholar (p. 62 of the reprint of Kunz's annual report on precious stones, for 1903). Humphreys, W. J. (Astrophysical Journ., Chicago, 1904, vol. xx, p. 269)Google Scholar has found yttrium and ytterbium to be present in this fluorite.

Page 337 note 8 Pasley, C. S., ‘The tin mines of Bolivia.’ Trans. Inst. Mining and Metallurgy, London, 1899, vol. vii, pp. 77–90 Google Scholar. Fluorite is mentioned on p. 83.

Page 338 note 1 Ber. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges., 1901, I Theil, p. 53.

Page 339 note 1 Zeits. Deutseh. geol. Ges., 1892, vol. xliv, p. 532 (footnote).

Page 339 note 2 Ibid., 1897, vol. xlix, p. 137.

Page 339 note 3 Phil. Mag., 1865, ser. 4, vol. xxix, p. 2.

Page 339 note 4 Domeyko, I., ‘Mineralojia,’ 3rd edit., 1879, p. 498 Google Scholar. The statement was first made in 1867 in the 2nd appendix to the 2nd edition (Anales de la Universidad de Chile, 1867, vol. xxix, p. 76).

Page 339 note 5 Bull. Soc. Min. France, 1882, vol. v, p. 299. Tile rhombohedral terminations do not suggest apatite.

Page 339 note 6 Loc. cit., 1897, pp. 137, 138.

Page 340 note 1 Two determinations gave 2.69 and 2.63 per cent. of copper. No copper mineral was detected on the specimen.

Page 340 note 2 Min. Mag., 1898, vol. xii, p. 12.

Page 341 note 1 The letters, indices, and calculated angles here given are those of Dana, ‘System of Mineralogy,’ 6th edit., 1892, p. 116.

Page 341 note 2 This specimen has been mentioned under argyrodite (Min. Mag., 1898, vol. xii, p. 13).

Page 342 note 1 In addition to the silver minerals from Aullagas mentioned above, crystals of stephanite have been described (Min. Mag., 1898, vol. xii, p. 6, footnote).

Page 344 note 1 Verb. Deutsch. wiss. Ver. Santiago de Chile, 1899, vol. iv, p. 80.

Page 344 note 2 Bodenbender, G., ‘Los Minerales… en la República Argentina,’ Córdoba, 1899, p. 54.Google Scholar