Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T09:10:09.227Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A new review of the chlorites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2018

Max H. Hey*
Affiliation:
Department of Mineralogy, British Museum (Natural History)

Extract

The chlorites form an extensive isostructural series with a high degree of isomorphous substitution, within which it has always been difficult to define or delimit species; until recently, owing to the lack of adequate X-ray studies; several structurally distinct species were included with the group, further complicating the problem. The group comprises aluminosilicates of magnesium and iron (ferrous and ferric); a few contain appreciable amounts of chromium, nickel, or manganese, and one (pennantite) contains manganese as a major constituent.

The first step towards the understanding of the relations of the chlorites was taken by G. Tschermak (1890, 1891), who divided them into two groups: the orthochlorites, with compositions between (Mg,Fe")2Al2SiO5(OH)4 and (Mg,Fe")2Si2O5(OH)4, and the leptochlorites, with compositions not explicable on this basis, and in general richer in trivalent ions (often including considerable Fe"′) relative to silicon and divalent ions. The two orthochlorite end-members have the composition of amesite and serpentine respectively, but it is now known that neither of these two minerals has the chlorite structure.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1954

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agar, (W. M.) and Emendorfer, (E. H.), 1937. Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 5, vol. 34, p. 77. [M.A. 7-258.]Google Scholar
Bannister, (F. A.) and Whittard, (W. F.), 1945. Min. Mag., vol. 27, p. 99.Google Scholar
Bertolani, (M.), 1949. Mem. Comit. Sci. Centr. Club. Alpino Italiano, Modena, no. 1. [M.A. 11-51.]Google Scholar
Brindley, (G. W.), 1949. Nature, vol. 164, p. 319. [M.A. 11-104.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brindley, (G. W.) 1951. Min. Mag., vol. 29, p. 502.Google Scholar
Brindley, (G. W.) and Ali, (S. Z.), 1950. Acta Cryst. Cambridge, vol. 3, p. 25. [M.A. 11-104.]Google Scholar
Brindley, (G. W.) and Youell, (R. F.), 1953. Min. Mag., vol. 30, p. 57.Google Scholar
Clarke, (F. W.) and Schneider, (E. A.), 1891. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., no. 78, p. 19.Google Scholar
Dschang, (G. L.), 1931. Chemie der Erde, vol. 6, p. 416. [M.A. 5-39.]Google Scholar
Du Rietz, (T.), 1935. Geol. För. Förh. Stockholm, vol. 57, p. 133. [M.A. 6-216.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durrell, (C.), and Macdonald, (G. A.), 1939. Amer. Min., vol. 24, p. 452. [M.A. 7-551.]Google Scholar
Eckermann, (H. von), 1927. Geol. För. Förh. Stockholm, vol. 49, p. 450. [M.A. 3-474.]Google Scholar
Engelhardt, (W. von), 1942. Zeits. Krist., vol. 104, p. 142. [M.A. 8-291.]Google Scholar
Gallitelli, (P.), 1929. Atti Soc. Nat. Mat. Modena, ser. 6, vol. 8 (60), p. 86. [M.A. 4-470.]Google Scholar
Garrido, (J.), 1949. Bull. Soc. Franç. Min. Crist., vol. 72, p. 549. [M.A. 11-104.]Google Scholar
Gruner, (J. W.), 1944. Amer. Min., vol. 29, p. 422. [M.A. 9-232.]Google Scholar
Hallimond, (A. F.), 1939. Min. Mag., vol. 25, p. 441.Google Scholar
Hawes, (G. W.), 1875. Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 9, p. 454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hödl, (A.), 1941. Neues Jahrb. Min., Beil.-Bd. 77, p. 1. [M.A. 8-304.]Google Scholar
Holzner, (J.), 1938. Neues Jahrb. Min., Beil.-Bd. 73, p. 389. [M.A. 7-408.]Google Scholar
Hutchinson, (A.) and Smith, (W. Campbell), 1912. Min. Mag., vol. 16, p. 264.Google Scholar
Hutton, (C. O.), 1936. Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand, vol. 66, p. 35. [M.A. 6-364.]Google Scholar
Hutton, (C. O.) 1938. Min. Mag., vol. 25, p. 198.Google Scholar
Hutton, (C. O.) and Seelye, (F. T.), 1945. Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand, vol. 75, p. 160. [M.A. 9-268.]Google Scholar
Hutton, (C. O.) 1947. Ibid., vol. 76, p. 481. [M.A. 10-271.]Google Scholar
Jakob, (J.) and Quervain, (F. de), 1939. Sehweiz. Min. Petr. Mitt., vol. 19, p. 307. [M.A. 8-92.]Google Scholar
Jung, (J.) and Kohler|(E.), 1930. Chemie der Erde, vol. 5, p. 182. [M.A. 4-334.]Google Scholar
Jung, (J.) 1931. Ibid., vol. 6, p. 275. [M.A. 5-40.]Google Scholar
Kinosaki, (Y.), 1932. Bull. Min. Survey Chosen, vol. 7, no. 1. [M.A. 5-21.]Google Scholar
Kopetzky, (I.), 1948. Tschermaks Min. Petr. Mitt., ser. 3, vol. 1, p. 69. [M.A. 10-422.]Google Scholar
Kozik, (S.), 1930. Acad. Polonaise Sci. Lett., C1. Sci. Math. Nat., ser. A, p. 536. [M.A. 5-285.]Google Scholar
Lacroix, (A.), 1922. Min. Madagascar, vol. 2, p. 544. [M.A. 1-326, 2-146.]Google Scholar
Larsen, (E. S.), 1921. U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull., no. 679, p. 123. [M.A. 1-367.]Google Scholar
Larsen, (E. S.) and Steiger, (G.), 1917. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 7, p. 7. [M.A. 1-206.]Google Scholar
Lyamina, (A. N.) and Soboleva, (M. V.), 1937. All-Union Sci. Res. Econ. Min., Moscow, no. 110. [M.A. 8-334.]Google Scholar
Macgregor, (A. M.), 1941. Min. Mag., vol. 26, p. 102.Google Scholar
McMurchy, (R. C.), 1934. Zeits. Krist., vol. 88, p. 420. [M.A. 6-45.]Google Scholar
Mélon, (J.), 1938. Mém. Acad. Roy. Belg., C1. Sci., vol. 17, no. 4. [M.A. 7-360.]Google Scholar
Nockolds, (S. R.) and Richey, (J. E.), 1939. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 237, p. 27. [M.A. 7-305.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norin, (R.), 1942. Geol. För. Förh. Stockholm, vol. 64, p. 341. [M.A. 9-141.]Google Scholar
Orcel, (J.), 1927. Bull. Soc. Franç. Min., vol. 50, p. 75. [M.A. 3-372.]Google Scholar
Orcel, (J.), Caillère(S.), , and Hénin, (S.), 1950. Min. Mag., vol. 29, p. 329.Google Scholar
Osborne, (F. F.) and Archambault, (M.), 1948. Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, ser. 3, vol. 42, sect. 4, p. 61. [M.A. 11-113.]Google Scholar
Pavlovitch, (S.), 1931. Bull. Soc. Franç. Min., vol. 53 (for 1930), p. 535. [M.A. 5-215.]Google Scholar
Pulfrey, (W.), 1933. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 89, p. 401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rondolino, (R.), 1936. Periodico Min. Roma, vol. 7, p. 193. [M.A. 6-505.]Google Scholar
Sanero, (E.), 1933. Periodico Min. Roma, vol. 4, p. 473. [M.A. 5-441.]Google Scholar
Satô, (S.), 1933. Journ. Shanghai Sci. Inst., Sect. II, vol. 1, p. 17. [M.A. 5-527.]Google Scholar
Shannon, (E. V.), 1920. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 57, p. 397. [M.A. 1-171.]Google Scholar
Shannon, (E. V.) 1920. Ibid., vol. 58, p. 371. [M.A. 1-214.]Google Scholar
Shannon, (E. V.) 1923. Amer. Min., vol. 8, p. 8. [M.A. 2-363.]Google Scholar
Shannon, (E. V.) 1924. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 66, art. 2. [M.A. 3-204.]Google Scholar
Shannon, (E. V.) 1926. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 131, p. 378. [M.A. 3-130.]Google Scholar
Shannon, (E. V.) and Wherry, (E. T.). 1922. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 12, p. 239. [M.A. 2-189.]Google Scholar
Simpson, (E. S.), 1936. Journ. Roy. Soc. Western Australia, vol. 22, p. 1. [M.A. 6-363.]Google Scholar
Simpson, (E. S.) 1937. Ibid., vol. 23, p. 17. [M.A. 7-114.]Google Scholar
Smith, (W. Campbell) with analysis by Prior, (G. T.), 1924. Min. Mag., vol. 20, p. 241.Google Scholar
Smith, (W. Campbell), Bannister, (F. A.), and Hey, (M. H.), 1946. Ibid., vol. 27, p. 217.Google Scholar
Sokolov, (G. A.), 1931. Trans. Geol. Prosp. Service U.S.S.R., no. 56, p. 3. [M.A. 6-436.]Google Scholar
Tajder, (M.), 1938. Vesnik Geol. Inst. Juguslavije, vol. 6, p. 235. [M.A. 7-359.]Google Scholar
Tomkeieff, (S. I.), 1926. Min. Mag., vol. 21, p. 76.Google Scholar
Tomkeieff, (S. I.) 1943. Irish Nat. Jonrn. Belfast, vol. 8, p. 67. [M.A. 9-179.]Google Scholar
Tschermak, (G.), 1890. Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Cl. Mat.-Nat., vol. 99, abt. 1, p. 174.Google Scholar
Tschermak, (G.) 1891. Ibid., vol. 100, abt. l, p. 29.Google Scholar
Weiss, (A.) and Hofmann, (U.), 1951. Zeits. Naturforsch., vol. 6b, p. 405. [M.A. 12-54.]Google Scholar
Winchell, (A. N.), 1926. Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 5, vol. 11, p. 283. [M.A. 3-373.]Google Scholar
Winchell, (A. N.) 1936. Amer. Min., vol. 21, p. 642. [M.A. 6-532.]Google Scholar
Wiseman, (J. D. H.), 1934. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 90, p. 354. [M:A. 6-224.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolff, (J. E.), 1912. Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 34, p. 475.Google Scholar
Zepharovich, (V. von), 1877. Zeits. Kryst. Min., vol. 1, p. 371.Google Scholar
Zepharovich, (V. von) 1878. Ibid., vol. 2, p. 195.Google Scholar