An interesting case of cyclogenesis over the western Mediterranean Sea, accompanied by extraordinary convective activity, is described in this paper. The event took place between 18 and 21 July 2001. Its synoptic features are examined on the basis of quasi-geostrophic theory using numerical analyses from the global model of Deutscher Wetterdienst GME and from the ECMWF. Particularly remarkable is the large amount of latent heat released in the condensation process, which produces significant modifications of the flow. These effects are evident both in the fields of relative vorticity as well as potential vorticity in the upper levels. The infrared Meteosat satellite pictures are used to follow the evolution of the upper-level cloudiness associated with the process and its connection with the values of vorticity and winds at 300 hPa. Radar pictures, reflectivity and radial velocity from Doppler surveillance radar in the Veneto region allowed us to outline the structure of the mesoscale convective system – a squall line that developed during the night of 19–20 July over Italy, in the Padana Valley. The features of this system were compared with a conceptual model proposed by Houze et al. (1989). The vertical wind shear, as inferred from the radial velocity pictures, was likely to play an important role in the development of the storm. Finally, an analysis of the vertical stability in the pre-storm environment was performed using sounding data from Udine, 20 July 2001, 00 UTC. The analysis shows the importance in the storm development of the potential instability released by ascent during the transit of the baroclinic system, a process that was investigated using the vertical profile of equivalent potential temperature and an estimate of ascending motion given by the ECMWF model.