In this section of the report we have described the artifacts representative of the Tchefuncte culture as a whole. These artifacts were made of pottery, stone, bone, and shell—pottery vessels, however, are described in the next chapter.

Clay Tubular Pipes.—Tubular pipes made of fired clay are a diagnostic trait of the Tchefuncte period (Fig. 7). Complete specimens averaged about 15 cm. in length and the stem diameter increases gradually from about 1.5 cm. to 2 cm. which is the average diameter of the tobacco chamber. Frequently these pipes have flattened mouth pieces (Fig. 7 a, d, f, p, q, s, t). A few specimens exhibit slight shoulders between the stem and the tobacco chamber (Fig. 7 l, m) and a few others have slightly flaring rims (Fig. 7 c, k).

In most of the specimens there is a slight interior constriction between the tobacco chamber and the stem. The bore tapers gradually from the chamber to the mouthpiece where it has an average diameter of 6 mm. The tobacco chambers have an average interior diameter of 16 mm. About one-half of any pipe is tobacco chamber and the other half is stem.