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WEEVILS AND PLANTS: PHYLOGENETIC VERSUS ECOLOGICAL MEDIATION OF EVOLUTION OF HOST PLANT ASSOCIATIONS IN CURCULIONINAE (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Robert S. Anderson
Robert S. Anderson*
Affiliation:
Curator of Entomology, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1P 6P4
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Abstract

A great proportion of biodiversity is accounted for by organisms, particularly insects, intimately associated with plants. Knowing whether ecological or phylogenetic factors chiefly influence the evolution of host plant associations is essential to understanding speciation in, and therefore factors influencing diversity of, phytophagous insects. Through examination of known host plant associations in Curculioninae and comparison with available reconstructed phylogenetic relationships of certain taxa of Curculioninae, little, if any, evidence for cospeciation (parallel cladogenesis) is found. In curculionine taxa where sufficient host plant and/or phylogenetic data are available, weevil species are narrowly to broadly oligophagous; a number of related weevil species are associated with a single host plant species; many weevil genera have host plant ranges spanning distantly related plant taxa; and available weevil reconstructed phylogenies are not concordant with plant relationships. Rather, for at least some weevil taxa, evolution appears to be mediated by one or more of a variety of strictly ecological factors, particularly habitat associations. General applications of these results include biological control, pollination biology, conservation and restoration biology, and use of patterns in insect – host plant associations to resolve problems in plant classification.

Résumé

La biodiversité est en grande partie attribuable à des organismes, particulièrement les insectes, étroitement associés aux plantes. Pour comprendre le phénomène de la spéciation et, par le fait même, des facteurs qui influencent la diversité des insectes phytophages, il est essentiel de savoir si ce sont les facteurs écologiques ou les facteurs phylogénétiques qui contrôlent surtout l'évolution des associations hôte-plante. L'examen d'associations hôte-plante connues chez les Curculioninae et la comparaison avec des arbres phylogénétiques reconstruits pour certains taxons de Curculioninae n'ont pas permis de conclure à l'existence d'une cospéciation (cladogenèse parallèle). Chez les taxons de Curculioninae pour lesquels il existe suffisamment de données hôte-plante et/ou de données phylogénétiques, les espèces de charançons sont oligophages généralistes ou spécialisés, un certain nombre d'espèces apparentées sont associées à une seule espèce de plante hôte, plusieurs genres de charançons ont comme hôtes plusieurs plantes très peu apparentées et les phylogénies hypothétiques disponibles sur les charançons ne concordent pas avec liens de parenté des plantes. Chez certains taxons de charançons, l'évolution semble plutôt contrôlée par un ensemble ou par plusieurs ensembles de facteurs écologiques, particulièrement les associations à un habitat. Parmi les applications pratiques de ces résultats, il faut considérer le contrôle biologique, la biologie de la pollinisation, la biologie de la conservation et de la restauration et l'utilisation des associations insecte–plante pour résoudre les problèmes de classification des plantes. [Traduit par la rédaction]

Type
Research Article
Information
The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , Volume 125 , Supplement S165 , 1993 , pp. 197 - 232
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1993

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