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MECHANISMS OF DEUTEROMYCETE FUNGAL INFECTIONS IN GRASSHOPPERS AND LOCUSTS: AN OVERVIEW

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Michael J. Bidochka ,
Raymond J. St. Leger  and
Donald W. Roberts
Michael J. Bidochka
Affiliation:
Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA 14850
Raymond J. St. Leger
Affiliation:
Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA 14850
Donald W. Roberts
Affiliation:
Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA 14850
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Abstract

Several species of entomopathogenic deuteromycetous fungi can produce epizootics in populations of grasshoppers and locusts. Consequently there is considerable interest in development of these fungi as biocontrol agents. To this end we need information about the genetic and molecular basis of deuteromycete pathogenesis in acridids to develop a rational plan for strain improvement. Herein we present an overview of the infection processes of deuteromycetous fungi in acridids. These fungi penetrate through the cuticle which is composed primarily of proteins. Hydrophobic interactions, appressoria formation, and mucus production by the fungus are involved in fungal adhesion to the acridid cuticle. Extracellular proteases produced by Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin solubilize cuticle proteins, which assists penetration and provides nutrients for further growth. Fungal infection through the locust gut is rare because indigenous gut microflora produce antifungal metabolites. Little is known of the events providing host specificity or those that lead to insect death once the cuticle is breached by the fungus; however, mechanical damage, nutrient deprivation, and toxic metabolites may be involved.

Résumé

Plusieurs espèces de champignons deutéromycètes entomopathogènes peuvent causer des épizooties chez les populations de criquets. Conséquemment, les chercheurs manifestent un intérêt grandissant pour leur potentiel d'agents de lutte biologique. Dans cette optique, il est nécessaire d'accumuler de l'information sur les bases génétique et moléculaire des effets pathogènes de ces champignons chez les acridiens afin d'établir un plan rationnel d'amélioration des souches. On trouvera ici un aperçu global des processus infectieux des deutéromycètes chez les acridiens. Les champignons pénètrent sous la cuticule de nature principalement protéinique. Des interactions hydrophobes, la formation d'appressoriums et la production de mucus permettent l'attachement du champignon à la cuticule des criquets. Des protéases extracellulaires produites par Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin et Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin dissolvent les protéines cuticulaires de l'insecte, ce qui facilite la pénétration, et permettent l'approvisionnement des éléments nutritifs nécessaires à la croissance. Les infections transmises dans le tube digestif des criquets sont rares, car la microflore indigène du tube digestif produit des métabolites antifongiques. Les conditions qui assurent la spécificité d'hôte ou celles qui entraînent la mort après l'invasion de la cuticule sont mal connues, mais il est logique d'assumer que des dommages mécaniques, une carence en éléments nutritifs et une contamination par des métabolites toxiques peuvent être responsables des effets observés. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Research Article
Information
The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , Volume 129 , Supplement S171 , 1997 , pp. 213 - 224
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1997

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Footnotes

1

Current address: Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8.

2

Current address: Dept. of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4454 USA.

3

Current address: Dept. of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA.

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