Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-5r2nc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-15T11:03:08.116Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Functional Response of Invertebrate Predators to Prey Density

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

C. S. Holling
C. S. Holling*
Affiliation:
Forest Research Laboratory, Victoria, British Columbia
Get access

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Other
Information
The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , Volume 98 , Supplement S48 , 1966 , pp. 5 - 86
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1966

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

1

Contribution No, 1177, Forest Entomology and Pathology Branch, Canada Department of Forestry, Ottawa.

References

Atwal, A. S., and Sethi, S. L.. 1963. Predation by Coccinella septempunctata L. on the cabbage aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) in India. J. Anim. Ecol. 32: 481–488.Google Scholar
Bellman, R. 1957. Dynamic programming. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Beverton, R. J. H., and Holt, S. J.. 1957. On the dynamics of exploited fish populations. Fishery Invest. Ser. II, Vol. 19. Ministry Agric., Fisheries and Food, London.Google Scholar
Brown, M. E. 1957. Experimental studies on growth. In Physiology of Fishes, editor Brown, Margaret E., Academic Press Inc., N.Y. pp. 361–400.Google Scholar
Chambers, R. M. 1956. Effects of intravenous glucose injections on learning, general activity and hunger drive. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 49: 558–564.Google Scholar
Cotton, J. W. 1953. Running time as a function of food deprivation. J. exp. Psychol. 46: 188–199.Google Scholar
Dempster, J. P. 1960. A quantitative study of the predators on the eggs and larvae of the broom beetle, Phytodecta olivaceae Forster, using the precipitin test. J. Anim. Ecol. 29: 149–167.Google Scholar
Duda, J. J., and Bolles, R. C.. 1963. Effects of prior deprivation, current deprivation, and weight loss on the activity of the hungry rat. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 56: 569–571.Google Scholar
Edney, E. B. 1937. A study of spontaneous locomotor activity in Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R. and F.) by the actograph method. Bull. ent. Res. 28: 243–278.Google Scholar
Edwards, J. S. 1963. Arthropods as predators. Viewpoints in Biol. 2: 85–114.Google Scholar
Fleschner, C. 1950. Studies of searching capacity of the larvae of three predators of the citrusred mite. Hilgardia 20: 233–265.Google Scholar
Finger, F. W. 1951. The effect of food deprivation and subsequent satiation upon general activity in the rat. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 44: 557–564.Google Scholar
Fisher, R. W., and F. Jursic. 1958. Rearing houseflies and roaches for physiological research. Canad. Ent. 90: 1–7.Google Scholar
Gause, G. F. 1934. The struggle for existence. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.Google Scholar
Ghent, A. W. 1963. On the anatomy of explanation. Pt. 3: Sequential and hierarchical description. Bios 34: 11–23.Google Scholar
Goldberg, S. 1961. Introduction to difference equations. John Wiley and Sons, Science Editions, Inc., New York.Google Scholar
Goldstein, A. C. 1960. Starvation and food-related behaviour in a poikilotherm, the salamander, Triturus viridescens. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 53: 144–150.Google Scholar
Green, G. W. 1965. The control of spontaneous locomotor activity in Phormia regina Meigen. II. Experiments to determine the mechanism involved. J. of Insect Physiol. In press.Google Scholar
Haynes, D. L., and Sisojevic, P.. 1964. Predatory behaviour of Philodromus rufus Walckenaer (Araneae, Thomisidae). Unpublished MS.Google Scholar
Holling, C. S. 1959a. The components of predation as revealed by a study of small mammal predation of the European pine sawfly. Canad. Ent. 91: 293–320.Google Scholar
Holling, C. S. 1959b. Some characteristics of simple types of predation and parasitism. Canad. Ent. 91: 385–398.Google Scholar
Holling, C. S. 1961. Principles of insect predation. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 6: 163–182.Google Scholar
Holling, C. S. 1963. An experimental component analysis of population processes. Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 32: 22–32.Google Scholar
Holling, C. S. 1964. The analysis of complex population processes. Canad. Ent. 96: 335–347.Google Scholar
Holling, C. S. 1965. The functional response of predators to prey density and its role in mimicry and population regulation. Mem. ent. Soc. Can. In press.Google Scholar
Holling, C. S., Brown, D. M. and Watt, K. E. F.. 1965. Simulation of attack by invertebrate predators. In preparation.Google Scholar
Hoogland, R. D. Morris and Tinbergen, N.. 1956. The spines of sticklebacks (Gasterosteus and Pygosteus) as means of defense against predators (Perca and Esox). Behaviour 10: 205–236.Google Scholar
Ivlev, V. S. 1944. The time of hunting and distance travelled by the predator in relation to the population density of prey. (In Russian.) Zool. Zh. 23: 139–145.Google Scholar
Ivlev, V. S. 1945. Density and distribution of food as factors determining the rations of fishes. (In Russian.) Zool. Zh. 24: 112–125.Google Scholar
Ivlev, V. S. 1961. Experimental ecology of the feeding of fishes. Yale University Press, New Haven.Google Scholar
Janowitz, H. D., and Ivy, A. C.. 1949. Role of blood sugar levels in spontaneous and insulininduced hunger in man. J. appl. Physiol. 1: 643–645.Google Scholar
Kettlewell, H. B. D. 1956. Further selection experiments on industrial melanism in the Lepidoptera. Heredity 10: 287–301.Google Scholar
Korschgen, L. L. 1957. Food habits of the coyote in Missouri. J. Wildlife Mgmt 21: 424–435.Google Scholar
Kuno, E. 1962. The effect of population density on the reproduction of Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Res. Population Ecology 4: 47–59.Google Scholar
Laing, J. 1938. Host finding by insect parasites. II. The chance of Trichogramma evanescens finding its hosts. J. exp. Biol. 15: 281–302.Google Scholar
Lotka, A. J. 1923. Contribution to a quantitative parasitology. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 13: 152–158.Google Scholar
Loughton, B. G., C Derry and West, A. S.. 1963. Spiders and the spruce budworm. Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 31: 249–268.Google Scholar
Miller, C. A. 1959. The interaction of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), and the parasite Apanteles fumiferanae Vier. Canad. Ent. 91: 457–477.Google Scholar
Miller, C. A. 1960. The interaction of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), and the parasite Glypta fumiferanae (Vier.). Canad. Ent. 92: 839–850.Google Scholar
Mittelstaedt, H. 1954. Regelung und Steuerung bei der Orienticrung dere Lebewesen. Regelungstechnik 2: 226–232.Google Scholar
Mittelstaedt, H. 1957. Prey capture in mantids. Recent Advances in Invertebrate Physiology. U. of Oregon Publications pp. 51–71.Google Scholar
Morris, R. F. 1963. The effect of predator age and prey defence on the functional response of Podisus maculiventris Say to the density of Hyphantria cunea Drury. Canad. Ent. 95: 1009–1020.Google Scholar
Mosimann, J. E. 1958. The evolutionary significance of rare matings in animal populations. Evolution 12: 246–261.Google Scholar
Nicholson, A. J., and Bailey, V. A.. 1935. The balance of animal populations, Part I. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1935: 551–598.Google Scholar
Rashevsky, N. 1959. Some remarks on the mathematical theory of nutrition of fishes. Bull. Math. Biophysics 21: 161–182.Google Scholar
Reeve, M. R. 1964. Feeding of zooplankton, with special reference to some experiments with Sagitta. Nature 201: 211–213.Google Scholar
Rilling, S., Mittelstaedt, H. and Roeder, K. D.. 1959. Prey recognition in the praying mantis. Behaviour 14: 164–184.Google Scholar
Roeder, K. D. 1953. Insect physiology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., N.Y.Google Scholar
Roeder, K. D., Tozian, L. and Weiant, E. A.. 1960. Endogenous nerve activity and behaviour in the mantis and cockroach. J. of Insect Physiol. 4: 45–62.Google Scholar
Ruiter, L. de. 1956. Countershading in caterpillars, and analysis of its adaptive significance. Arch, néerl. Zool. 11: 285–341.Google Scholar
Siegel, P. S., and Steinberg, M.. 1949. Activity level as a function of hunger. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 42: 413–;416.Google Scholar
Skellam, J. G. 1958. The mathematical foundations underlying the use of line transects in animal ecology. Biometrics 14: 385–400.Google Scholar
Solomon, M. E. 1949. The natural control of animal population. J. Anim. Ecol. 18: 1–35.Google Scholar
Stanley, J. 1932. A mathematical theory of the growth of populations of the flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Duv. Canad. J. Res. 6: 632–671.Google Scholar
Steinmetz, C., Jr. 1961. Laboratory experiments in fish predation as exemplified by Danis malabaricus Jerdon. Diss. Abst. 21: 3898–3899.Google Scholar
Teitelbaum, P. 1957. Random and food-directed activity in hyperphagic and normal rats. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 50: 486–490.Google Scholar
Thompson, W. R. 1924. Théorie mathématique de l'action des parasites entomophages et le facteur du hasard. Ann. Fac. Sci. Marseille 2: 69–89.Google Scholar
Thorpe, W. H. 1963. Learning and Instinct in Animals. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd.Google Scholar
Tinbergen, L. 1960. The dynamics of insect and bird populations in pine woods. Arch. néerl. Zool. 13: 259–472.Google Scholar
Tinbergen, L., and H. Klomp. 1960. The natural control of insects in pine woods II. Conditions for damping of Nicholson oscillations in parasite-host systems. Arch, néerl. Zool. 13: 344–379.Google Scholar
Tugendhat, B. 1960. The normal feeding behaviour of the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Behaviour 15: 284–318.Google Scholar
Turnbull, A. L. 1964. The search for prey by a web-building spider Achaearanea tepidariorum (C. L. Koch) (Araneae, Theridiidae). Canad. Ent. 96: 568–579.Google Scholar
Varley, G. C., and Edwards, R. L.. 1957. The bearing of parasite behaviour on the dynamics of insect host and parasite populations, J. Anim. Ecol. 26: 471–477.Google Scholar
Volterra, V. 1931. Variations and fluctuations of the number of individuals in animal species living together. In Animal Ecology by R. N. Chapman, pp. 409–448.Google Scholar
Watt, K. E. F. 1959. A mathematical model for the effect of densities of attacked and attacking species on the number attacked. Canad. Ent. 91: 129–144.Google Scholar
Wolda, H. 1961. Response decrement in the prey catching activity of Notonecta glauca L. (Hemiptera). Arch. néerl. Zool. 14: 61–89.Google Scholar
Yapp, W. B. 1955. The theory of line transects. Bird Study 3: 93–104.Google Scholar