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EREMAEIDAE (ACARI: ORIBATIDA) OF NORTH AMERICA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Valerie M. Behan-Pelletier
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Abstract

The oribatid family Eremaeidae is represented in North America by two genera, Eremaeus and Eueremaeus, both widely distributed throughout the Palaearctic and Nearctic regions. In North America species in both genera are found in moist to arid habitats from New Mexico to the High Arctic. Reproduction is sexual, and both immatures and adults feed mainly on fungi.Revised diagnoses are presented for the Eremaeidae and genera Eremaeus and Eueremaeus. Eighteen species of Eremaeus, of which 14 are newly proposed, and 24 species of Eueremaeus, of which 15 are newly proposed, are recognized. Identification keys are provided for the world genera of Eremaeidae, and for adults of Eremaeus and Eueremaeus of North America. All but one North American species of these genera are described, and their geographical distributions mapped.North American Eremaeus species include E. appalachicus sp. no v., E. boreomontanus sp. nov., E. brevitarsus (Ewing), E. californiensis sp. nov., E. gracilis sp. nov., E. grandis Hammer, E. kananaskis sp. nov., E. kevani sp. nov., E. megistos sp. nov., E. monticolus sp. nov., E. nortoni sp. nov., E. occidentalis sp. nov., E. oresbios sp. nov., E. plumosus Woolley, E. porosus sp. nov., E. salish sp. nov., E. translamellatus Hammer, and E. walteri sp. nov. The immatures of four of these, E. kananaskis, E. occidentalis, E. oresbios, and E. translamellatus, are described.North American Eueremaeus include Eu. acostulatus sp. nov., Eu. aridulus sp. nov., Eu. columbianus (Berlese), Eu. foveolatus (Hammer), Eu. marshalli sp. nov., Eu. masinasin sp. nov., Eu. michaeli sp. nov., Eu. nahani sp. nov., Eu. nemoralis sp. nov., Eu. proximus (Berlese) comb, nov., Eu. woolleyi (Higgins) comb, nov., Eu. yukonensis sp. nov., and three informal species groups with the following included species in North America: (1) Eu. trionus group—Eu. trionus (Higgins) comb, nov., (2) Eu. stiktos group—Eu. carinatus sp. nov., Eu. higginsi sp. nov., Eu. stiktos (Higgins) comb, nov., Eu. tetrosus (Higgins) comb, nov., (3) Eu. chiatous group—Eu. alvordensis sp. nov., Eu. aysineep sp. nov., Eu. chiatous (Higgins) comb, nov., Eu. danos sp. nov., Eu. lindquisti sp. nov., Eu. magniporosus (Wallwork) comb, nov., and Eu. osoyoosensis sp. nov. The immatures of nine of these, Eu. masinasin, Eu. nahani, Eu. carinatus, Eu. higginsi, Eu. columbianus, Eu. proximus, Eu. woolleyi, Eu. stiktos, and Eu. tetrosus, are described. Kartoeremaeus reevesi Higgins and Eremaeus politus Banks are considered junior subjective synonyms of Eueremaeus columbianus (Berlese).A cladistic analysis of the genera comprising Eremaeidae: Eremaeus, Tricheremaeus, Eueremaeus (and included species groups), Proteremaeus, Carinabella, and Asperemaeus, indicates that Eremaeus is the sister taxon of Carinabella, and that Eueremaeus is the sister taxon of Proteremaeus. Tricheremaeus is the sister taxon of Eremaeus + Carinabella, and Asperemaeus is the sister taxon of Eueremaeus + Proteremaeus. The relationship of the Eremaeidae to the Megeremaeidae and Zetorchestidae is presented. Finally, I discuss the ecology and distribution of North American species of Eremaeidae.

Résumé

Chez les oribates de l'Amérique du Nord, la famille des Eremaeidae est représentée par deux genres, Eremaeus et Eueremaeus tous deux répartis partout dans les régions paléarctiques et néarctiques. En Amérique du Nord, les espèces des deux genres habitent les zones arides du Nouveau-Mexique jusque dans le Haut Arctique. Leur reproduction est sexuée et les immatures aussi bien que les adultes se nourrissent surtout de champignons.

On trouvera ici des diagnoses révisées des Eremaeidae et des genres Eremaeus et Eueremaeus. Dix-huit espèces d'Eremaeus, dont 14 sont nouvelles, et 24 espèces d'Eueremaeus, dont 15 sont nouvelles, sont reconnues. Des clés d'identification permettront de distinguer les différents genres d'Eremaeidae à l'échelle mondiale, et de reconnaître les adultes d'Eremaeus et d'Eueremaeus présents en Amérique du Nord. à l'exception d'une seule, toutes les espèces nord-américaines de ces genres sont décrites et leur répartitions géographiques respectives sont représentées sur des cartes.

Le genre Eremaeus compte les espèces nord-américaines suivantes : E. appalachicus sp. nov., E. boreomontanus sp. nov., E. brevitarsus (Ewing), E. californiensis sp. nov., E. gracilis sp. nov., E. grandis Hammer, E. kananaskis sp. nov., E. kevani sp. nov., E. megistos sp. nov., E. monticolus sp. nov., E. nortoni sp. nov., E. occidentalis sp. nov., E. oresbios sp. nov., E. plumosus Woolley, E. porosus sp. nov., E. salish sp. nov., E. translamellatus Hammer et E. walteri sp. nov. La description des stade immatures de quatre de ces espèces, E. kananaskis, E. occidentalis, E. oresbios et E. translamellatus est présentée.

Le genre Eueremaeus compte les espèces nord-américaines suivantes : Eu. acostulatus sp. nov., Eu. aridulus sp. nov., Eu. columbianus (Berlese), Eu. foveolatus (Hammer), Eu. marshalli sp. nov., Eu. masinasin sp. nov., Eu. michaeli sp. nov., Eu. nahani sp. nov., Eu. nemoralis sp. nov., Eu. proximus (Berlese) comb, nov., Eu. woolleyi (Higgins) comb. nov., Eu. yukonensis sp. nov., et trois groupes informels qui comptent les espèces nord-américaines suivantes : (1) le groupe Eu. trionus, avec l'espèce Eu. trionus (Higgins) comb, nov., (2) le groupe Eu. stiktos, qui comprend Eu. carinatus sp. nov., Eu. higginsi sp. nov., Eu. stiktos (Higgins) comb. nov. et Eu. tetrosus (Higgins) comb. nov. et (3) le groupe Eu. chiatous, qui comprend Eu. alvordensis sp. nov., Eu. aysineep sp. nov., Eu. chiatous (Higgins) comb, nov., Eu. danos sp. nov., Eu. lindquisti sp. nov., Eu. magniporosus (Wallwork) comb. nov. et Eu. osoyoosensis sp. nov. Les stades immatures de neuf de ces espèces, Eu. masinasin, Eu. nahani, Eu. carinatus, Eu. higginsi, Eu. columbianus, Eu. proximus, Eu. woolleyi, Eu. stiktos et Eu. tetrosus, sont décrits. Kartoeremaeus reevesi Higgins et Eremaeus politus Banks sont considérés comme des synonymes subjectifs plus récents d'Eueremaeus columbianus (Berlese).

Une analyse cladistique des genres qui font partie des Eremeidae, Eremaeus, Tricheremaeus, Eueremaeus (y compris les groupes d'espèces), Proteremaeus, Carinabella et Asperemaeus, indique qu'Eremaeus est le taxon soeur de Carinabella et qu'Eueremaeus est le taxon soeur de Proteremaeus. Tricheremaeus est le taxon soeur d'Eremaeus + Carinabella et Asperemaeus est le taxon soeur d'Eueremaeus + Proteremaeus. La relation entre les Eremaeidae, d'une part, et les Megeremaeidae et les Zetorchestidae, d'autre part, est examinée. Enfin, l'écologie et la répartition des espèces nord-américaines d'Eremaeidae font l'objet d'une discussion.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , Volume 125 , Supplement S168 , 1993 , pp. 1 - 193
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1993

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