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EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON DEVELOPMENTAL RATE AND ADULT WEIGHT OF AUSTRALIAN POPULATIONS OF ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HARRIS) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Robert J. Lamb  and
Patricia A. MacKay
Robert J. Lamb
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
Patricia A. MacKay
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
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Abstract

Three populations of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), from locations between 27 and 36°S in eastern Australia were studied at five constant temperatures from 10 to 28 °C. A three-parameter, nonlinear equation accurately described developmental rate as a function of temperature for each of the five lines from each population. Maximum adult weight was attained at 20 °C. Wingless aphids developed faster and were heavier than winged aphids. There were no significant differences in developmental times among populations, and adult weights among populations differed only at 25 °C. These weight differences and other nonsignificant differences among populations showed no trends with the long-term average temperatures at the collection sites. This finding indicates that developmental rate and adult weight have not been adapted to temperature in the 5 years since the aphids were introduced. The maximum rate of development, optimum temperature for rapid development, developmental threshold, and optimum temperature for high adult weight were higher for the Australian populations than for North American populations, but these differences do not reflect adaptation to different environmental temperatures. We conclude that Australian populations of A. pisum did not originate in North America.

Résumé

On a étudié trois populations du puceron du pois, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), provenant de localités situées entre 27 et 36°S en Australie orientale, à cinq températures constantes allant de 10 à 28 °C. Une équation non-linéaire à trois paramètres a permis de décrire adéquatement le taux de développement en fonction de la température, pour chacune de cinq lignées de chaque population. Le poids adulte maximal a été obtenu à 20 °C. Les pucerons aptères se sont développés plus rapidement et ont atteint un poids plus élevé que les ailés. La durée du développement ne différait pas significativement entre populations, et le poids adulte n'a différé qu'à 25 °C. Ces différences pondérales et d'autres différences non significatives entre les populations n'ont pas montré de tendances conformes aux températures moyennes caractéristiques des sites du collection. Cette observation indique qu'il n'y aurait pas eu d'adaptation du taux de développement ou du poids adulte en réponse à la température locale, au cours des 5 ans écoulés depuis l'introduction du puceron. Le taux maximal de développement, la température optimale pour la vitesse de développement, le seuil thermique du développement, et la température optimale pour maximiser le poids adulte, étaient tous plus élevés chez les populations Australiennes qu'Américaines, mais ces différences ne réflètent pas d'adaptation aux températures locales. Nous concluons que les populations Australiennes d'A. pisum n'originent pas d'Amérique du Nord.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , Volume 120 , Supplement S146 , 1988 , pp. 49 - 55
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1988

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