Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T16:27:59.977Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

AQUATIC COLEOPTERA OF PEATLANDS AND MARSHES IN CANADA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

David J. Larson
David J. Larson*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X9
Get access

Abstract

A rich fauna of water beetles, comprising 11 families and 485 species, occurs in Canadian peatlands and marshes. These beetles are diverse with respect to morphology, feeding habits, life-history patterns, and even in the degree to which they occur in water. Major adaptations to peatland and marsh habitats are described. Based on species composition, the following regional communities of marsh-inhabiting beetles are recognized: arctic, boreal, Cordilleran, grasslands, and eastern temperate. Peatlands possess a community of beetles similar to that of boreal marshes but contain enough unique elements to warrant separate recognition. However, based on water beetle distribution, it is not possible to subdivide peatlands into bog and fen communities because these habitats have many species in common. Future needs for research on wetland water beetles are identified.

Résumé

On retrouve dans les tourbières et les marécages du Canada une faune coléoptérienne aquatique riche comprenant 485 espèces réparties dans 11 familles. Ces coléoptères sont diversifiés quant à leur morphologie, leurs habitudes alimentaires, leurs cycles vitaux et même leur degré d'établissement dans le milieu aquatique. On décrit les principales adaptations aux tourbières et aux marécages. D'après la composition spécifique, on reconnait les communautés régionales suivantes : arctique, boréale, cordillérienne, des prairies, et tempérée de l'est. Les tourbières abritent une communauté de coléoptères semblable à celle des marécages nordiques, mais avec suffisamment d'éléments particuliers pour justifier une distinction. Cependant, la répartition des coléoptères aquatiques ne permet pas de distinguer de comunautés des tourbières ombrotrophes et minérotrophes, parce que ces habitats ont trop d'espèces en commun. On a identifié des besoins précis de recherches sur les coléoptères aquatiques des milieux humides.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , Volume 119 , Supplement S140 , 1987 , pp. 99 - 132
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, R.D. 1971. A revision of the Nearctic representatives of Hygrotus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 64: 503–512.Google Scholar
Anderson, R.D. 1976. A revision of the Nearctic species of Hygrotus groups II and III (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 69: 577–584.Google Scholar
Anderson, R.D. 1983. Revision of the Nearctic species of Hygrotus groups IV, V and VI (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 76: 173–196.10.1093/aesa/76.2.173Google Scholar
Angus, R.B. 1973. The habits, life histories and immature stages of Helophorus F. (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 125: 1–26.Google Scholar
Angus, R.B. 1984. A new Siberian Agabus Leach, with notes on the other species with clubbed male antennae (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Entomologica scand. 15: 193–202.Google Scholar
Bertrand, H.P.I. 1972. Larves et Nymphes des Coléoptères Aquatiques du Globe. F. Paillart, Abbéville. 804 pp.Google Scholar
Brigham, W.V. 1977. Nearctic Haliplidae, IV. New Haliplus from Canada (Coleoptera: Haliplidae). Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 79: 254–258.Google Scholar
Brown, H.P. 1972. Aquatic dryopoid beetles (Coleoptera) of the United States. Identif. Man. U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency, Biota Freshwat. Ecosyst. 6. 82 pp.Google Scholar
Brown, H.P. 1973. Survival records for elmid beetles, with notes on laboratory rearing of various dryopids (Coleoptera). Ent. News 84: 278–284.Google Scholar
Buckingham, G.R., and Bennett, C.A.. 1981. Laboratory biology and behavior of Litodactylus leucogaster (Marsham), a Ceutorhynchine weevil that feeds on watermilfoils. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 74: 451–458.Google Scholar
Burke, H.R., and Anderson, D.M.. 1976. Systematics of larvae and pupae of American Curculionidae: status report, historical review and bibliography. SW Ent. 1: 56–73.Google Scholar
Campbell, J.M. 1980. Distribution patterns of Coleoptera in eastern Canada. Can. Ent. 112: 1161–1175.Google Scholar
Fall, H.C. 1922 a. The North American species of Gyrinus. Trans. Am. ent. Soc. 47: 269–306.Google Scholar
Fall, H.C. 1922 b. A Review of the North American Species of Agabus. Privately printed, Mount Vernon, New York. 36 pp.Google Scholar
Fall, H.C. 1923. A Revision of the North American Species of Hydroporus and Agaporus. Privately printed. 129 pp.Google Scholar
Galewski, K. 1971. A study on morphobiotic adaptation of European species of the Dytiscidae (Coleoptera). Polskie Pismo ent. 41: 488–702.Google Scholar
Gleason, H. A., and Cronquist, A.. 1964. The Natural Geography of Plants. Univ. Columbia Press, New York. 420 pp.Google Scholar
Gordon, R.D. 1969. Revision of North American Hydroporus, niger-tenebrosus group (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Ph.D. thesis, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo. 322 pp.Google Scholar
Gordon, R.D. 1981. New species of North American Hydroporus, niger-tenebrosus group (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Pan-Pacif. Ent. 57: 105–123.Google Scholar
Hatch, M.H. 1953. The Beetles of the Pacific Northwest. Part I. Introduction and Adephaga. Univ. Wash. Publs Biol. 16. 340 pp.Google Scholar
Hatch, M.H. 1961. The Beetles of the Pacific Northwest. Part III. Pselaphidae and Diversicornia I. Univ. Wash. Publs Biol. 16. 503 pp.Google Scholar
Hilsenhoff, W.L. 1975. Notes on Nearctic Acilius (Dytiscidae), with the description of a new species. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 68: 272–274.Google Scholar
Hilsenhoff, W.L. 1980. Coptotomus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) in eastern North America with descriptions of two new species. Trans. Am. ent. Soc. 105: 461–471.Google Scholar
Hilsenhoff, W.L., and Brigham, W.U.. 1978. Crawling water beetles of Wisconsin (Coleoptera: Haliplidae). Gt Lakes Ent. 11: 11–22.Google Scholar
Hilsenhoff, W.L., and Tracy, B.. 1982. A new species of Hydrochara (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) from the western Great Lakes Region. Gt Lakes Ent. 15: 99–102.Google Scholar
Jackson, D.L. 1952. Observations on the capacity for flight of water beetles. Proc. R. ent. Soc. Land. (A) 27: 57–70.Google Scholar
Jackson, D.L. 1960. Observations on egg-laying in llybius fuliginosus Fabricius and I. ater DeGeer (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), with an account of the female genitalia. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 112: 37–52.Google Scholar
James, H.G. 1966. Insect predators of univoltine mosquitoes in woodland pools of the Pre-cambrian Shield in Ontario. Can. Ent. 98: 550–555.Google Scholar
James, H.G. 1970. Immature stages of five diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), notes on their habits and life history, and a key to aquatic beetles of vernal woodland pools in southern Ontario. Proc. ent. Soc. Ont. 100: 52–97.Google Scholar
Kavanaugh, D.H. 1980. Insects of western Canada, with special reference to certain Carabidae (Coleoptera): present distribution patterns and their origins. Can. Ent. 112: 1129–1144.Google Scholar
Landin, J. 1980 a. Habitats, life histories, migration and dispersal by flight in water beetles (Hydrophilidae and Hydraenidae). Dep. Zoology, Univ. Stockholm, Sweden. 23 pp.Google Scholar
Landin, J. 1980 b. Habitats, life histories, migration and dispersal by flight of two water-beetles Helophorus brevipalpis and H. strigifrons (Hydrophilidae). Holarct. Ecol. 3: 190–201.Google Scholar
Larson, D.J. 1975. The predaceous water beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) of Alberta: systematics, natural history and distribution. Quaest. ent. 11: 245–498.Google Scholar
Larson, D.J. 1985. Structure in temperate predaceous diving beetle communities (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Holarct. Ecol. 8: 18–32.Google Scholar
Larson, D.J., and Colbo, H.M.. 1983. The aquatic insects: biogeographic considerations, pp. 593–677in South, G.R. (Ed.), Biogeography and Ecology of the Island of Newfoundland. Monographiae Biologicae 48. Junk, The Hague.Google Scholar
Larson, D.J., and Nilsson, A.N.. 1985. The holarctic species of Agabus (sensu lato) Leach (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Can. Ent. 117: 119–130.Google Scholar
Larson, D.J., and Roughley, R.E.. 1983. Recognition of Ilybius vittiger (Gyllenhal, 1827), new combination, in North America. Can. Ent. 115: 7–15.Google Scholar
Leech, H.B. 1937. A new North American Agabus, with notes on other species (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Can. Ent. 69: 146–150.Google Scholar
Leech, H.B. 1939. On some Nearctic species of Agabus, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Can. Ent. 71: 217–221.Google Scholar
Leech, H.B. 1940. Description of a new species of Laccornis, with a key to the Nearctic species (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Can. Ent. 72: 122–128.Google Scholar
Leech, H.B. 1942. Dimorphism in the flying wings of a species of water beetle, Agabus bifarius (Kirby) (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 35: 76–80.Google Scholar
Leech, H.B. 1945. The specific characters and distribution of Agabus vancouverensis and A. hypomelas (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Can. Ent. 77: 77–78.Google Scholar
Leech, H.B. 1948. Some Nearctic species of hydradephagid water beetles, new and old (Coleoptera). Can. Ent. 80: 89–96.Google Scholar
Leech, H.B. 1949. New species and subspecies of Nearctic water beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae and Hydrophilidae). Wasmann Club Collect. 7: 243–256.Google Scholar
Leech, H.B., and Chandler, H.P.. 1956. Aquatic Coleoptera. pp. 293–371in Usinger, R.L. (Ed.), Aquatic Insects of California. Univ. California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Lehmkuhl, D.M. 1980. Temporal and spatial changes in the Canadian insect fauna: patterns and explanation. The prairies. Can. Ent. 112: 1145–1159.10.4039/Ent1121145-11Google Scholar
LeSage, L., and Harper, P.P.. 1976. Cycles biologiques d'Elmidae (Coléoptères) de ruisseaux des Laurentides, Quebec. Annls Limnol. 12: 139–174.Google Scholar
Marx, E.J.F. 1957. A review of the subgenus Donacia in the western hemisphere (Coleoptera: Donaciidae). Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 112: 195–278.Google Scholar
Matta, J. 1982. The bionomics of two species of Hydrochara (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) with descriptions of their larvae. Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 84: 461–467.Google Scholar
Morrissette, R. 1979. Les Coléoptères Gyrinidae du Québec. Cordulia Suppl. 8: 43 pp.Google Scholar
Nilsson, A.N. 1982 a. A key to the identification of the third-stage larvae of the Fennoscandian species of the genus Agabus Leach (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Entomologica scand. 13: 333–338.Google Scholar
Nilsson, A.N. 1982 b. A Key to the Larvae of the Fennoscandian Dytiscidae (Coleoptera). Fauna Norrlandica 2. 45 pp.Google Scholar
Nilsson, A.N. 1984. Species richness and succession of aquatic beetles in some kettle-hole ponds in northern Sweden. Holarct. Ecol. 7: 149–156.Google Scholar
Nilsson, A.N. 1986. Life cycles and habitats in the northern European Agabini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Entomologica basil. 11: 385–390.Google Scholar
Nilsson, A.N., and Danell, K.. 1981. The annual and seasonal successions of larvae and imagines of water beetles in a shallow, man-made lake in Northern Sweden. Aquat. Insects 3: 233–243.Google Scholar
Nilsson, A.N., and Larson, D.J.. 1984. A reexamination of some Dytiscidae (Coleoptera) from Newfoundland and adjacent regions. Annls ent. fen. 50: 123–125.Google Scholar
Nyholm, T. 1972. Die nordeuropaischen Arten der Gattung Cyphon Paykull (Coleoptera). Entomologica scand. Suppl. 3. 100 pp.Google Scholar
O'Brien, C.W. 1977. The semiaquatic weevil genus Listronotus in Mexico and Central America (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Cylindrorhininae). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 70: 804–814.Google Scholar
O'Brien, C.W. 1981. The larger (4.5 + mm) Listronotus of America, north of Mexico. Trans. Am. ent. Soc. 107: 69–123.Google Scholar
O'Brien, C.W., and Marshall, G.B.. 1979. United States Bagous, bionomic notes, a new species and a new name (Bagoini, Erirhininae, Curculionidae, Coleoptera). SW Ent. 4: 141–149.Google Scholar
O'Brien, C.W., and Wibmer, G.J.. 1982. Annotated Checklist of the Weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of North America, Central America, and the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Mem. Am. ent. Inst. 34. 382 pp.Google Scholar
Otto, C. 1985. Effects of temporal and spatial variations in food availability on life cycle and palatabihty of a chrysomelid beetle. Aquat. Insects 7: 19–28.Google Scholar
Perkins, P.D. 1980. Aquatic beetles of the family Hydraenidae in the Western Hemisphere: classification, bio-geography and inferred phylogeny (Insecta: Coleoptera). Quaest. ent. 16: 3–554.Google Scholar
Perkins, P.D., and Spangler, P.J.. 1981. A description of the larva of Helocombus bifidus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Pan-Pacif. Ent. 57: 52–56.Google Scholar
Ranta, E. 1985. Communities of water-beetles in different kinds of waters in Finland. Trans. Philad. Acad. Sci. 137: 33–45.Google Scholar
Richmond, E.A. 1920. Studies on the Biology of the Aquatic Hydrophilidae. Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 42. 94 pp.Google Scholar
Roughley, R.E. 1983. Classification, phylogeny and zoogeography of the world species of Dytiscus Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Alberta, Edmonton. 349 pp.Google Scholar
Roughley, R.E., and Pengelly, D.H.. 1981. Classification, phylogeny and zoogeography of Hydaticus Leach (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) of North America. Quaest. ent. 17: 249–309.Google Scholar
Ryker, L.C. 1975. Observations on the life cycle and flight dispersal of a water beetle, Tropisternus ellipticus LeConte, in western Oregon. Pan-Pacif. Ent. 51: 184–194.Google Scholar
Schaeffer, C. 1925. Revision of the new world species of the tribe Donaciini of the coleopterous family Chrysomelidae. Brooklyn Mus. Bull. 3: 45–165.Google Scholar
Scudder, G.G.E. 1979. Present patterns in the fauna and flora of Canada, pp. 87–179in Danks, H.V. (Ed.), Canada and its Insect Fauna. Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 108.Google Scholar
Seeger, W. 1971 a. Morphology, bionomics, and ethology of haliplids with special consideration of function and morphology (Haliplidae; Coleoptera). Arch. Hydrobiol. 68: 400–435.Google Scholar
Seeger, W. 1971 b. Laboratory investigations on autecology of haliplids, with zoogeographical notes (Haliplidae; Coleoptera). Arch. Hydrobiol. 68: 528–574.Google Scholar
Seeger, W. 1971 c. Habitat distribution of haliplids with a contribution to the problem of syntopic (sympatric s. str.) species (Haliplidae; Coleoptera). Arch. Hydrobiol. 69: 155–199.Google Scholar
Sherman, J.D. 1913. Some habits of the Dytiscidae. Jl N.Y. ent. Soc. 21: 43–54.Google Scholar
Smetana, A. 1974. Revision of the Genus Cymbiodyta Bed. (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 93. 113 pp.Google Scholar
Smetana, A. 1978. Revision of the Subfamily Sphaeridiinae of America North of Mexico (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 105. 292 pp.Google Scholar
Smetana, A. 1980. Revision of the Genus Hydrochara Berth. (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 111. 100 pp.Google Scholar
Smetana, A. 1985. Revision of the Subfamily Helophorinae of the Nearctic Region (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 131. 154 pp.Google Scholar
Tarnocai, C. 1980. Canadian wetland registry, pp. 9–38in Rubec, C.D.A., and Pollett, F.C. (Eds.), Proc. Workshop on Canadian Wetlands. Ecol. Land Classif Ser. Environ. Can. 12.Google Scholar
Tracy, B.H., and Hilsenhoff, W.L.. 1982. The female of Graphoderus manitobensis with notes on identification of female Graphoderus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Gt Lakes Ent. 15: 163–164.Google Scholar
Van Tassell, E.R. 1966. Taxonomy and biology of the subfamily Berosinae of North and Central America and the West Indies (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Ph.D. thesis, Catholic Univ. America, Washington. 328 pp.Google Scholar
Wallis, J.B. 1915. Some Manitoban water beetles. Can. Ent. 48: 169–174.Google Scholar
Wallis, J.B. 1933. Revision of the North American Species (North of Mexico) of the Genus Haliplus, Latreille. Trans. R. Can. Inst. 19. 76 pp.Google Scholar
Wallis, J.B. 1939 a. The genus Graphoderus Aube in North America (north of Mexico) (Coleoptera). Can. Ent. 71: 128–130.10.4039/Ent71128-6Google Scholar
Wallis, J.B. 1939 b. The genus Ilybius Er. in North America (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae). Can. Ent. 71: 192–199.Google Scholar
Wallis, J.B. 1973. An annotated list of the Hydroadephaga (Coleoptera: Insecta) of Manitoba and Minnesota. Quest, ent. 9: 99–114.Google Scholar
Wesenberg-Lund, C. 1912. Biologische Studien über Dytisciden. Biol. Suppl. Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr. 5. 129 pp.Google Scholar
Wiggins, G.B., Mackay, R.J., and Smith, I.M.. 1980. Evolutionary and ecological strategies of animals in annual temporary pools. Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 58: 97–206.Google Scholar
Wilcox, J.A. 1965. A Synopsis of the North American Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Bull. N.Y. St. Mus. Sci. Serv. 400. 226 pp.Google Scholar
Wilson, C.B. 1923 a. Life history of the water scavenger beetle Hydrous (Hydrophilus triangularis), and its economic relation to fish breeding. Bull. Bur. Fish., Wash. 39: 9–38.Google Scholar
Wilson, C.B. 1923 b. Water beetles in relation to pondfish culture, with life histories of those found in fishponds at Fairport, Iowa. Bull. Bur. Fish., Wash. 39: 231–345.Google Scholar
Wolfe, G.W. 1984. A revision of the vittatipennis species group of Hydroporus Clairville, subgenus Neoporus Guignot (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Trans. Am. ent. Soc. 110: 389–433.Google Scholar
Wolfe, G.W., and Spangler, P.J.. 1985. A synopsis of the Laccornis difformis species group with a revised key to North American species of Laccornis Des Gozis (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Proc. biol. Soc. Wash. 98: 61–71.Google Scholar
Young, F.N. 1953. Two new species of Matus, with a key to the known species and subspecies of the genus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 46: 49–55.Google Scholar
Young, F.N. 1954. The Water Beetles of Florida. Univ. Florida Press, Gainsville. 238 pp.Google Scholar
Young, F.N. 1956. A preliminary key to the species of Hydrovatus of the eastern United States (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Coleopts Bull. 10: 53–54.Google Scholar
Young, F.N. 1960 a. The water beetles of a temporary pond in southern Indiana. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 69: 154–164.Google Scholar
Young, F.N. 1960 b. The colors of desert water beetles—environmental effect or protective coloration? Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 53: 422–425.Google Scholar
Young, F.N. 1963. The Nearctic species of Copelatus Erichson (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Q. Jl Fla Acad. Sci. 26: 56–77.Google Scholar
Young, F.N. 1969. A checklist of the American Bidessini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae). Smithson. Contr. Zool. 33: 1–5.Google Scholar
Young, F.N. 1979 a. A key to the Nearctic species of Celina with descriptions of new species (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). J. Kans. ent. Soc. 52: 820–830.Google Scholar
Young, F.N. 1919 b. Water beetles of the genus Suphisellus Crotch in the Americas north of Colombia (Coleoptera: Noteridae). SW Nat. 24: 409–429.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, J. R. 1960. Seasonal population changes and habitat preferences in the genus Laccophilus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Ecology 41: 141–152.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, J. R. 1970. A Taxonomic Revision of the Aquatic Beetle Genus Laccophilus (Dytiscidae) of North America. Mem. Am. ent. Soc. 26. 275 pp.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, J. R. 1981. A revision of the Colymbetes of North America (Dytiscidae). Coleopts Bull. 35: 1–52.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, J.R., and Smith, A.H.. 1975. A survey of the Deronectes (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) of Canada, the United States, and northern Mexico. Trans. Am. ent. Soc. 101: 651–722.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, J.R., and Smith, R.L.. 1975. The genus Rhantus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) in North America. Part 1. General account of the species. Trans. Am. ent. Soc. 101: 33–123.Google Scholar
Zoltai, S.C. 1987. Peatlands and marshes in the wetland regions of Canada, pp. 5–13in Rosenberg, D.M., and Danks, H.V. (Eds.), Aquatic Insects of Peatlands and Marshes in Canada. Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 140.Google Scholar