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SURVEYS FOR FUNGAL PATHOGENS OF LOCUSTS AND GRASSHOPPERS IN AFRICA AND THE NEAR EAST

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

P.A. Shah ,
C. Kooyman  and
A. Paraïso
P.A. Shah
Affiliation:
International Institute of Biological Control, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7TA, United Kingdom
C. Kooyman
Affiliation:
Projet Surveillance des Pathogenes, Départment de Formation en Protection des Végétaux, Niamey, BP 12625, Republic of Niger
A. Paraïso
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Plant Health Management Division, Cotonou, BP 08-0932, Republic of Benin
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Abstract

A total of 181 isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, M. flavoviride Gams and Rozsypal, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, and Sorosporella sp. was found in a survey of Orthoptera in West Africa, Madagascar, Oman, and Pakistan between 1990 and 1993. Prior to this survey, there were only 28 isolates of hyphomycete fungi from Orthoptera held in international culture collections. Seventeen of the recently acquired Metarhizium isolates have been determined to be highly virulent during screening tests as part of a research programme for the development of a microbial insecticide against locusts and grasshoppers in Africa. Ninety-five isolates came from Benin which was the country where survey activities were most concentrated, and 63 of these isolates were found in Malanville, northern Benin, between 1991 and 1992 during an epizootic of M. flavoviride. Recordings from Oman and Pakistan represent the first specimens from these countries to be deposited in international culture collections. No deductions can be made on the best method for survey; both incubation of live grasshoppers and field searches for cadavers yielded results. Soil baiting with Orthoptera was used with some success. Limited soil screening using selective agar media was not found to be particularly useful.

Résumé

Cent quatre-vingt-une souches de Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, M. flavoviride Gams et Rozsypal, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin et Sorosporella sp. ont été recensées au cours d'un inventaire des orthoptères d'Afrique de l'Ouest, de Madagascar, d'Oman et du Pakistan entre 1990 et 1993. Avant cet inventaire, seulement 28 isolats de champignons hyphomycètes parasites d'orthoptères étaient gardés dans diverses collections internationales de cultures. Dix-sept des isolats de Metarhizium récemment découverts se sont avérés très virulents au cours de tests préliminaires opérés dans le cadre d'un programme de recherche destiné à la création d'insecticides microbiens contre les criquets d'Afrique. Quatre-vingt-quinze isolats proviennent du Bénin, pays le plus recensé, et 63 de ces isolats sont apparus à Malanville, dans le nord du Bénin, entre 1991 et 1992 au cours d'une épidémie de M. flavoviride. Les prélèvements recueillis en Oman et au Pakistan représentent les premiers spécimens de ces pays à être déposés dans des collections internationales de cultures. Il est impossible de déterminer quelle est la meilleure méthode pour recenser les souches; l'incubation de criquets vivants et la recherche de cadavres de criquets en nature ont donné toutes deux de bons résultats. L'introduction d'orthoptères dans le sol aégalement donné des résultats. Le tamisage de sol au moyen de milieux agar sélectifs ne s'est pas avéré particulièrement utile. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Research Article
Information
The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , Volume 129 , Supplement S171 , 1997 , pp. 27 - 35
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1997

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Footnotes

1

Present address: Institute of Microbiology, Swiss Federal Inst. of Technology, ETH-Zentrum, CH 8092 Zurich, Switzerland

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