Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-kw2vx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-15T15:02:38.396Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

3.2 GROUND SYSTEMS FOR RELEASING TRICHOGRAMMA MINUTUM RILEY IN PLANTATION FORESTS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

S.M. Smith  and
D.R. Wallace
S.M. Smith
Affiliation:
Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B3
D.R. Wallace
Affiliation:
Forestry Canada, Ontario Region, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7
Get access

Abstract

Two systems for releasing the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma minutum Riley, from ground level in forest stands are described: (1) a gridded point-source release using parasitized host eggs attached to cards, and (2) a hand-held leafblower distributing parasitized eggs in bulk. Neither technique affected the emergence of the parasitoids released. Parasitoids emerging from eggs released in bulk had a similar sex ratio, longevity, and fecundity to those not released. Both methods of ground release achieved uniform parasitoid distribution and resulted in levels of parasitism similar to those achieved with aerial releases. Parasitism was greater in the mid- to upper canopy of trees than in the lower canopy. The difficulties associated with each technique and its comparative usefulness in experimental and operational programs are discussed.

Résumé

Deux systèmes pour le relâchement du parasitoïde de l'oeuf, Trichogramma minutum Riley, à partir du niveau de la terre dans les terrains forestiers sont décrits : (1) un relâchement d'un point-source dans une superficie quadrillée en utilisant les oeufs parasités de l'hôte attachés aux cartes et (2) un relâchement en utilisant une souffleuse de feuilles tenue dans la main pour disperser en volume les oeufs parasités. Les parasitoïdes éclos des oeufs relâchés en volume avaient le rapport sexuel, la longévité et la fécondité semblables à ceux non relâchés. Les deux méthodes de relâchement terrestre ont accompli une distribution uniforme de parasitoïdes et ont abouti aux niveaux de parasitisme semblables à ceux accomplis par les relâchements aériens. Le parasitisme était plus important aux niveaux moyens et hauts des voûtes de feuillage qu'au niveau bas. Les difficultés associées à chaque méthode et l'utilité comparative de chacune aux programmes expérimentaux et opérants sont discutées.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , Volume 122 , Supplement S153 , 1990 , pp. 31 - 37
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Bouse, L.F., Carlton, J.B., and Morrison, R.K.. 1980. Aerial application of insect egg parasites. Trans. Am. Soc. agric. Engng. 24: 26–39.Google Scholar
Bouse, L.F., and Morrison, R.K.. 1985. Transport, storage and release of Trichogramma pretiosum. Southwest. Ent. Suppl. 8: 36–48.Google Scholar
Houseweart, M.W, Jennings, D.T., Pease, S.H., and Lawrence, R.K.. 1984. Alternate insect hosts and characteristics of forest stands supporting native populations of Trichogramma minutum Riley. Misc. Rep. 300. Univ. Maine at Orono, Coll. For. Resour., Res. Bull. 5. 32 pp.Google Scholar
Huffaker, C.B. 1977. Augmentation of natural enemies in the People's Republic of China, pp. 329–341 in Ridgway, R.L., and Vinson, S.B. (Eds.), Biological Control by Augmentation of Natural Enemies. Plenum Press, New York. 480 pp.Google Scholar
Jaynes, H.A., and Bynum, F.K.. 1941. Experiments with Trichogramma minutum Riley as a control agent of the sugarcane borer in Louisiana. USDA Tech. Bull. 743. 42 pp.Google Scholar
Jones, S.L., Morrison, R.K., Abies, J.R., Bouse, L.F., Carlton, J.B., and Bull, D.L.. 1979. New techniques for the aerial release of Trichogramma pretiosum. Southwest. Ent. 4: 14–19.Google Scholar
Jones, S.L, Morrison, R.K., Ables, J.R., and Bull, D.L.. 1977. A new and improved technique for the field release of Trichogramma pretiosum. Southwest. Ent. 2: 210–215.Google Scholar
Kemp, W.P., and Simmons, G.A.. 1978. The influence of stand factors on parasitism of spruce budworm eggs by Trichogramma minutum. Environ. Ent. 7: 685–688.Google Scholar
Oatman, E.R., and Plainer, G.R.. 1971. Biological control of the tomato fruitworm, cabbage looper, and horn-worms on processing tomatoes in Southern California, using mass releases of Trichogramma pretiosum. J. econ. Ent. 64: 501–506.Google Scholar
Oatman, E.R., and Plainer, G.R.. 1978. Effect of mass releases of Trichogramma pretiosum against Lepidopterous pests on processing tomatoes in Southern California, with notes on host egg populations trends. J. econ. Ent. 71: 896–900.Google Scholar
Parker, F.D., Lawson, F.R., and Pinnell, R.E.. 1971. Suppression of Pieris rapae using a new control system: mass releases of both the pest and its parasites. J. econ. Ent. 64: 721–735.Google Scholar
Smith, C.W. 1929. Parasitism of the Oriental peach moth in Ontario with special reference to biological control experiments with Trichogramma minutum Riley. Rep. ent. Soc. Ont. 1929: 72–80.Google Scholar
Smith, S.M. 1985. Feasibility of using inundative releases of the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma minutum Riley, for biological control of the spruce budworm. Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.221 pp.Google Scholar
Smith, S.M. 1988. Pattern of attack on spruce budworm egg masses by Trichogramma minutum (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) released in forest stands. Environ. Ent. 17: 1009–1015.Google Scholar
Smith, S.M., Hubbes, M., and Carrow, J.R.. 1987. Ground releases of Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) against the spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. Ent. 119: 251–263.Google Scholar
Van Steenburgh, W.E., and Boyce, H.R.. 1938. Biological control of the Oriental fruit moth, Laspeyresia molesta Busck in Ontario. A. Rep. ent. Soc. Ont. 1938: 65–74.Google Scholar