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Notes on Some Minor English Mathematical Serials
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 November 2016
Extract
While major mathematical problems were discussed already in the seventeenth century in such serial publications as the Philosophical Transactions (1665) and Acta Eruditorum (1682), it was not till the early part of the eighteenth century that serials containing elementary problems of wide appeal commenced to appear. The first of these seems to have been the Lady’s Diary, started in London in 1704, and “designed for the sole use of the female sex”. It had an immediate success, and continued to appear in various forms for 168 consecutive years. Of the second, Delights for the Ingenious, there were only eight numbers, in 1711. The third publication of the kind was possibly Kunstfrüchte 1. Sammlung (1723), a publication (I have not seen it) of the Hamburg mathematical society, founded thirty-three years before. The Jahrbriefe of this same society were published irregularly during the 140 years 1732-1871. For the fifth and sixth publications we come back to England, Miscellanece Curiosce (York, 1734-35) and Gentleman’s Diary, started in 1741 and continued for a century before its union with the Ladies’ Diary. Then followed five other English serials before Holland’s Mathematische Liefhebberye (Purmerende, 1754), issued annually for seventeen years. During the next 175 years the number of these minor publications became very large. It is my purpose to bring together brief notes on minor English serials and their editors of the past two and a quarter centuries, and to indicate where more information regarding them may be found. It will not be possible, within the limits of this article, to indicate more than very occasionally anything of the contents (often rich and varied) of such serials, many results appearing in their pages for the first time. Problems and their solutions usually occupied the greater part of the space, and most of the prominent English mathematicians of the time were contributors. While some may incline to frown upon such mathematical occupations, it may be recalled that “Sätze und Aufgaben” were to be found in such an exalted source as Crelle’s Journal, so recently as 1858.
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References
* Of course his fame will rest on other things; see Macfarlane, Ten British Mathematicians 1916, pp. 122-133.
* Wilkinson, (i) M.M. vol. 48,1848, pp. 56-57; vol. 51, 1849, p. 484: (ii) Educational Times, vol. 17, 1864, pp. 82-83, 176-178, 1865, pp. 270-271; vol. 18, 1865, pp. 55-57, 128-129; vol. 19,1866, pp. 9-10, 197-198; T. Leybourn, Malhem. Questions … Ladies’ Diary, vol. 1, 1817, pp. v-xi, see No. 1. 4; Playjair, Edinburgh Rev. vol. 11, 1808, p. 282; T. P. Kirkman, Lady’s and Gentleman’s Diary, 1850, p. 85; Wilkinson, “An account of the early mathematical and philosophical writings of Dr. Dalton,” Mem. Lit. Phil. So. Manchester, ser. 2, vol. 12, 1855, pp. 2-25.
* Dict. Nat. Biography (D.N.B.). Five letters of Tipper (Harl. MS. 3782) giving interesting particulars about the starting and conduct of the Diary are printed in H. Ellis, Original Letters of Eminent Literary Men, London, 1843 (Camden So. Publ. vol. 23, pp. 304-315). Of the second Diary the 4000 copies printed were all sold by “New-Years-tide.”.
† C. Hutton, Philos. and Mathem. Dict. 2nd ed. 1815; D.N.B.
‡ Leybourn, Mathem. Questions … Ladies Diary, vol. 1, pp. viii-ix; D.N.B.; Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 67, 1857, p. 607.
§ Hutton, Philos. and Mathem. Dict. 2nd ed. 1815; D.N.B.
║ D.N.B.; Encycl. Brit. 11th ed. For a correction of the former in its reference to Hutton’s son, see a note by P. J. Anderson in Notes and Queries, ser. 11, vol. 2, 1910, p. 347. There is a portrait in European Mag. vol. 83, 1823, p. 483.
* D.N.B.; Encycl. Brit. 11th et.; poems in his memory, Lady’s and Gentleman’s Diary for 1842, pp. 19-20.
** In Thacker’s Miscellany of Mathematical Problems, vol. 1, Birmingham, 1743, the author styles himself “Teacher of Mathematicks at the Birmingham Free-School. And the Author of the Ladies Diary,” which lends support to this statement.
†† Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 61, 1854, p. 244, and Reliquary, vol. 11,1871, p. 202; Ladies Diary, 1771, p. 46.
‡‡ Part 1, July 1, 1771, pp. 1-60 math. (pp. 1-120 rebuses, ienigmas); 2, Nov. 1, pp. 61-120(pp. 121-144); 3, Feb. 1,1772, pp. 121-180 (pp. 145-168); 4, May 1, pp. 181-252 (pp. 169-240);5, Aug. 1, pp. 253-324 (pp. 241-324); 6, Nov. 1, pp. 325-364 end of math. vol. 1; 7, March 1,1773, pp. 1-140 math. vol. 2 (pp. 325-384); 8, July 1, pp. 141-248 (pp. 385-396 end of poetry, etc. vol. 1, and pp. 1-48, vol. 2); 9, Nov. 1, pp. 249-392 end of math. vol. 2 (pp. 49-120);10, March 1, 1774, pp. 1-72 (pp. 121-168); 11, July 1, pp. 73-168 (pp. 169-216); 12, Nov. 1, pp. 169-288 (pp. 217-288); 13, March 1, 1775, pp. 289-372 (pp. 289-348); 14, July 1, pp. 373-424 end of math. vol. 3 (pp. 349-364 end of poetry, vol. 2). See Notes and Queries, ser. 11, vol. 3, 1911, pp. 252-253.
* P.J. Anderson, Notes and Queries, ser. 11, vol. 2,1910, p. 347; see also vol. 3, 1911, p. 253.
† Hutton, Diarian Miscellany, B.M. copy, covers of Nos. II, VIII-XIV; Hutton, Tracts on Mathem. and Philos. Subjects, vol. 3, 1812, pp. 381-2; Leybourn, Mathem. Questions … Ladies’ Diary, vol. 1, p. 5; Notes and Queries, ser. 11, vol. 3, 1911, p. 252.
‡ Compare Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 61, 1854, pp. 244-246.
§ Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 51, 1849, pp. 484-486.
║ There is an inadequate and inaccurate sketch of Leybourn (1770-1840), by Charles Platts, in D.N.B. For most of the last forty years of his life he was teacher of Mathematics in the Eoyal Military College, Sandhurst. He was also editor of The Gentleman’s Diary (No. 2), The Mathematical Repository (No. 26). See also Math. Gazette, vol. 6, 1912, p. 297.
* C. Wildbore, Gentleman’s Diary, 1781, preface, pp. 2-4, reprinted in Davis’s edition, vol. 3; O. Gregory, Gentleman’s Diary, 1804, p. 2; Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 48, 1848, p. 57.
† Gentleman’s Mag. vol. 72, part 1, 1802, pp. 1075, 1221. Allibone, Critical Dictionary of Engl. Lit. vol. 3, 1871. Wildbore was pastor at Sulney, Notts., for over thirty years, and was a contributor to several minor mathematical serials.
‡ See under 1. 4.
§ Cat. Per. Pubis. Lib. Royal So. London, 1912.
* Proc. London Math. So. vol. 25, 1893, p.1-4; H. H. Turner, Mo. Notices R. Astr. So. vol. 54, 1894, pp. 204-206; G.H. Ryan, Jl. Inst. Actuaries, vol. 31, 1895, pp. 362-365. Woolhouse was a deputy superintendent at the Nautical Almanac office 1830-39; his new method of finding the latitude and longitude was characterised as one of the greatest improvements in nautical astronomy of the century. He was the author of (1) a number of volumes, including one on Measures, Weights and Monies of all Nations, and (2) many valuable papers in the Journal of the Institute of Actuaries. He was also an accomplished musician and editor of classical music. About thirty of his papers are listed in the Royal Society Catalogue.
† D.N.B. article Tipper, John.
║ Lawson, Synopsis of Data for Constr. Triangles, Rochester, 1773; B.M. Catalogue; Cat. Per. Publs. Lib. Univ. Coll., London, 1912.
§ Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 50, 1849, pp. 5-9; the question of editors is discussed at length. See also Hutton’s life of Simpson in Simpson’s Select Exercises, new ed. London, 1792, p. xviii.
║ Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 53, 1850, pp. 144-148, 193-196;. Newcastle General Mag. vol. 6, 1753, p. 444; Lawson, Synopsis of Data for Constr. Triangles, Rochester, 1773. In the preface to The Gentleman’s Diary for 1798 the following lines by the editor, Rev. C. Wildbore, occur don the second page: “It is unpleasant to record dirty tricks that men of science have been guilty of; yet, it may be proper on this occasion to observe, that the original authors of this Diary published two annual Supplements to it, and were about to write a third, when they found themselves anticipated by some mathematicians in London, who had surreptitiously inspected the contributors’ letters, and published the solutions to the questions; in a quarterly Miscellany then carried on by Holliday; who had wrote in the Diary under the name of Gamston Retford”. One can verify that the sixteen questions prepared in the second Supplement of The Gentleman’s Diary (No. 2. 3) were reprinted (except for changes from poetry to prose) by Holliday, with solutions by Samuel Fairer, in the first and second numbers of Miscellanea Curiosa. Solutions by others appeared in the third Supplement to the Diary. That the editors of this Supplement did not share Wildbore’s opinion is shown by the Supplement itself. In commenting on question 2 one finds the following on page 18: “The above was ingeniously answered in Numbers by a Gentleman in the Miscellanea Curiosa Mathematica, Number I, to which we refer the Reader; and we shall here, once for all, observe, that our Readers will find most of them solved in the aforesaid Miscellanea, but in a quite different Method to what we have given here”. But further, there is a not unfriendly paragraph on the Miscellanea in the preface, the answer to Question XII (pp. 27-28) is copied with acknowledgement, from the Miscellanea, as is also (p. 33) “Gamston Retford’s Paradox”, the third part of a “dissertation” by Gamston Retford is printed on pp. 13-17, and an acknowledged editorial courtesy on the part of the “conductor of the Miscellanea Curiosa Mathematica”filled pp. 31-32.
* “On the wrapper of the first number Newton is said to have thus expressed himself with regard to simple but tedious problems:—They are like the endeavouring to crack, with the teeth, a hard pebble, for the sake of the kernel.” (R. Copeland, Cat. Crawford Lib. R. Obs. Edinburgh, 1800, p. 239.)
† Author of works on: equations and series, Syntagma Mathesios (1745), gunnery and fortification(1756, 1774) and Fluxions (1777),—according to B.M. Catalogue.
‡ Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 50, 1849, pp. 466-475; Cat. Per. Pubis. Lib. Univ. Coll. London, 1912.
* Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 50,1849, pp. 267-273, and vol. 67,1857, p. 607. See also T. Simpson, Select Exercises, new ed. 1792, p. xviii.
† Lawson’s Synopsis (I.e.); Gentleman’s Mag. vol. 72, part 1, 1802, pp. 1075, 1221; D.N.B.; A. N. Disney and others, Origin and Development of the Microscope, London, 1928, pp. 230, 289; in D.N.B. Charles Platts makes no references to Miscellaneous Correspondence, and his statement regarding the incompleteness of Martin’s Magazine is wholly erroneous; the complete publication is i B.M.
* Lawson, Synopsis (l.e.).
† Lawson, Synopsis (l.e.); Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 52, 1850, pp. 446-448; Cat. Per. Publs. Lib. Univ. Coll., London, 1912.
‡ Notes and Queries, ser. 11, vol. 3, 1911, p. 246; vol. 5, 1912, p. 15.
ò Lawson, Synopsis (l.e.); Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 52, 1850, pp. 266-270; A. De Morgan,‘Fly leaves of books: ileuben Burrow,” Notes and Queries, vol. 12, 1855, pp. 142-143; Cat.Lib. R. Astr. So. 1886.
* Hutton, Phil, and Math. Dict. 1815; D.N.B. William Wales (1734 ?-1798), fellow of the Royal Society which sent him in 1769 to observe at Hudson Bay the transit of Venus, was the author of various works including a restoration of the determinate section of Apollonius (1772). See also M.M. vol. 60, 1854, pp. 436-437.
† Lawson, Synopsis (l.e.), pp. ii, 1, 3, 7, 9; Miscellanea Mathematica (No. 19), pp. 326, 328; Math. Geom. and Phil. Delights (No. 29), No. 2, p. 2; Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 61, 1854, pp. 244-245.
‡ Lawson, Synopsis (l.e.), a specimen of which was published in the Oracle; Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 50, 1849, pp. 561-565, and vol. 61, 1854, p. 124; Cat. Per. Publs. Lib. Univ. Coll.London, 1912.
§ P.J. Anderson, Notes and Queries, ser. 11, vol. 2, 1910, p. 347: Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 48, 1848, p. 83.
* Math. Geom. and Phil. Delights (No. 28), No. 2 (1792), p. 2; No. 4 (1794), p. 4; Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 51, 1849, pp. 244-247, 293-297, 350-357.
‡ Wilkinson, “The journals of the late Reuben Burrow,” Phil. Mag. ser. 4, vol. 5, 1855, pp. 185-193, 514-522, vol. 6, pp. 196-204. Regarding these “journals” see A. De Morgan, Notes and Queries, ser. 3, vol. 5, 1864, pp. 107, 261, 361; Wilkinson’s replies are on pp. 215 and 303. Memoir of Burrow by J. H. Swale, M.M. vol. 53, 1850, pp. 267-268. And anally references may be given to “Poggendorff,” and to D.N.B. Burrow went to India in 1782, studied Sanskrit, and in his paper on “Hindoo knowledge of the binomial theorem” (1788)announced his intention very shortly to publish translations of the “Leelavotty” and “Beej Geneta.” This intention was not carried out; but in Strachey’s translation of the latter (1813) there are various references to Burrow’s work. Burrow’s only separate work was a restoration of the Inclinations of Apollonius together with “the theory of Gunnery” (1779). See also under No. 16.
‡ See Wilkinson, “Lancashire geometers …” (l.e.), and Brierley, “Lancashire mathematicians” (l.e.).
§ Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 53, 1850, pp. 412-415: Cat. Per. Publs. Lib. Royal Society, London, 1912; Math. Geom. and Phil. Delights (No. 29), No. 2, p. (2).
║ Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 53,1850, pp. 451-455; Cat. Per. Publs. Lib. Univ. Coll., London, 1912.
* T. Whiting, Select Exercises, 1803, advertisement at back; Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 53, 1850, pp. 363-367; Cat. Per. Publs. Lib. Univ. Coll., London, 1912.
† Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 52, 1850, pp. 63-65.
‡ Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 53, 1850, pp. 503-505.
§ Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 55, 1851, pp. 264-266,306-310, 445-448; vol. 56, 1852, pp. 134-135, 145-147, 445-447; vol. 57, pp. 7-9, 64-66, 245-247, 291-294, 483. T. S. Davies, “Geometry and Geometers. No. VIII”, Phil. Mag. ser. 4, vol. 2, pp. 445-446. In some places the curious error has been made of regarding this periodical of Leybourn as a continuation of The Mathematical Repository, vol. 1 (1748, 2nd ed. 1775), vol. 2 (1753), vol. 3 (1755), by James Dodson (D.N.B.), author of The Anti-logarithmic Canon (1742). Dodson’s Repository was not a serial.
║ Wilkinson has noted the following in M.M. vol. 67, 1857, p. 608: “‘Samuel Thornoby,’ = Thomas Leybourn, the signature being an anagram of his name. In number 4 of the Mathematical Repository (O.S.) the Editor (Mr. Leybourn) begs leave to inform Mr. S. Thornoby, that he believes Mr. Playfair’s edition of the ‘Elements of Euclid’ the best for a learner. This was probably in return for the Professor’s having given his consent for the republication of his ‘Essay on the Origin of Porisms’ in the first number of the Mathematical Tracts…. In some other parts of the Repository I find the Editor awarding the prize to himself under the disguise of this assumed name!”
* Isaac Dalby (1744-1824), D.N.B. For a sketch mainly autobiographic, see Mathematical Repository, N.S. vol. 5, 1830, part 1, pp. 196-203. See also Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 61, 1854, pp. 243-244.
† John Lowry (1769-1850), D.N.B.
‡ William Wallace (1768-1843), D.N.B.
§; Sir James Ivory (1765-1842), D.N.B.
║ Wilkinson: (i) M.M. vol. 48, 1848, pp. 83-84; (ii) Educ. Times, Reprint, vol. 13, 1870, p. 34; T. S. Davies, Mathematician, vol. 3, 1848, p. 83; Cat. Per. Pubis. Univ. Coll. London,1912.
¶ Wilkinson, “Lancashire Geometers” (l.e.), p. 128, and “Geometry in Lancashire” (l.e.), p. 57; Brierley, “Lancashire Mathematicians” (l.e.), p. 24, 27. Knowles wrote under the pseudonym “Non Sibi”. Hilton died May 1826 (Phil. Mag. ser. 4, vol. 4, p. 204).
* Cf. Brierley, “Lancashire Mathematicians”(I.e.), pp. 22, 28.
† Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 48. 1848, pp. 154-155, 224-226, 254-255, 279-281, 342-343, 401-402,466-468.
‡ D.N.B.; Gentleman’s Mathematical Companion for 1808.
§ Gentleman’s Math. Comp. for 1826; Hampshire died April 1825, aged eighty-one years. He was recorded as a “man of great mathematical knowledge, integrity, worth, and unassuming parts”.
║ Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 48, 1848, p. 514; advertisement at the end of T. Whiting, Select Exercises, 1803.
¶ Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 49, 1849, pp. 5-6; B.M. and Library of Congress Catalogues.
** This date is correct, although one might get a different impression by reading the preface (dated “July 1st, 1815”) to The Leeds Correspondent, vol. 1, 1815. One finds there a reference to: “the ‘Enquirer’, an excellent ‘literary, mathematical, and philosophical repository’, ably conducted by Mr. Marrat, and published quarterly at Boston, till May last, when it was discontinued” [the italics are mine]. This serial was never printed at Boston, but both of the editors lived there at the time of its publication; hence it is sometimes called The Boston Enquirer.
* D.N.B.; Lady℉s and Gentleman’s Diary, 1853, p. 75; Marrat, mathematician and topographer, was for fifty years a contributor to such minor serials as the Lady’s Diary, Gentleman’s Diary, Scientific Receptacle, and Leeds Correspondent. He is the author of mathematical, topographical, historical, and astronomical books. He lived in New York, United States, where he was a teacher of mathematics 1817-1820, and editor of The Scientific Journal, of which nine numbers were published at Perth Arnboy, N.J. and New York, 1818-19: there is a set in the Boston Public Library (Union List of Serials in Libs, of U.S. and Canada, 1927).
† D.N.B.; Thompson the historian was a bank clerk at the time he was editor of The Enquirer. During 1819-46 he was a bookseller in the United States and an acquaintance of such men as Daniel Webster and Edward Everett.
‡ Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 48, 1848, p. 583.
§ Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 49, 1849, pp. 203-204, 303-306.
║ B.U. has also The Leeds Literary Observer, of which there was a single volume (371 pp.) of nine numbers published in 1819. It was edited by the publisher, James Nicholls. This was a supplement to the non-mathematical parts of the Correspondent.
¶ J. Nicholls, Leeds Correspondent, vol. 2, pp. 97-103, 242-250; D.N.B.; Reliquary, vol. 11, 1871, p. 201.
** Lady’s and Gentleman’s Diary, 1856, p. 70; Reliquary, vol. 11, 1871, p. 201.
†† Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 49, 1849, pp. 437-438; also Trans. Hist. So. Lancashire and Cheshir e ser. 3, vol. 4, 1876, p. 87.
* T.S. Davies, The Mathematician, vol. 3, 1849, pp. 317-318; T. S. Davies, Phil. Mag. ser. 4, vol. 1, 1851, pp. 536-544; Wilkinson: (i) Phil. Mag. ser. 4, vol. 4, 1852, pp. 29-33, 201-209; (ii) M.M. vol. 58, 1853, 306-307, 327-328; (iii) Lancashire and Cheshire Hist. So. Trans, vol. 7, 1855, pp. 143-164; vol. 10, 1858, pp. 169-182 + 1 plate; C. W. Sutton and J. H. K. Notes and Queries, ser. 11, vol. 1, 1910, pp. 192-193. Swale was a schoolmaster in Liverpool from 1810 until his death in 1837 at the age of sixty-two. In England he was the most independent and original geometer of his time. His methods were Euclidean. Apart from many contributions to periodicals he published Geometrical Amusements: or a course of Lessons in Construction and Analysis in three parts. Part 1, London, 1821, 256 pp. Davies characterises this work as, “undoubtedly, one of the most original and remarkable books on geometry that has appeared since the time of Stewart and Simson”. Only part 1 was published.
† J. L. Coolidge, Amer. Math. Mo. vol. 33, 1926, pp. 61-76. The first part of Adrain’s article, “View of Diophantine algebra”, in Mathematical Correspondent, Beading, pa. 1806, seems to have been reprinted in the second volume of The Liverpool Apollonius.
‡ Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 49, 1849, pp. 367-368.
§ “Prospectus” (4 pp.) dated November 9, 1826, and issued with The Gentleman’s Mathematical Companion for 1827; Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 54, 1851, pp. 449-450, 474-475, 492-494; Ladies’ Diary, 1833, p. 37. It is usually referred to as Mathematical Associate.
║ Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 49, 1849, pp. 523-524. It has been referred to as The Bolton Scientific Mirror (Lady’s and Gentleman’s Diary, 1856, p. 70).
* W.W.R. Ball., Cambridge Papers, London, 1918. Wright was the author of a pseudonymous autobiographical work, Alma Mater: or Seven Years at the University of Cambridge, 2 Vols. (1827), which describes in detail the mathematical teaching of the time in the University.
† Wilkinson, autobiographical sketch, Trans. Hist. So. Lancashire and Cheshire, ser. 3, vol. 4, 1876, p. 86; Brierley, Papers Manchester Lit. Club, vol. 4, 1878, pp. 20-30; L. and O. Diary, 1856, p. 70. In the B.M. Catalogue it seems to be suggested that The York Courant was amalgamated with The York Herald in 1827 and continued under the latter title for the next sixteen years, at least, that is, during the whole period 1829-46. At present I have no explanation to offer.
† D.N.B.; Tate was the inventor of the double piston air pump that is known by his name, and his Principles of Geometry, Mensuration, Trigonometry, Land Surveying, and Levelling (1848) was translated into Hindustani. See Lady’s and Gentleman’s Diary for 1848, p. 70. His mother’s name was Turner. Was it her father, Thomas Turner, who was editor of Miscellanea Curiosa published at York (see No. 5)?
§ Ladies’ Diary for 1839, p. 20; Lady’s and Gentleman’s Diary for 1842, p. 66; Wilkinson, M.M. vol. 59, 1852, pp. 506-507, 528-530.
║ Fen wick was the author of Mechanics of Construction (1861), and joint-author with Rutherford of Elementary Course of Math, prepared for the Royal Military Academy (1850).
* England’s first exclusively mathematical periodical of a research character, The Cambridge Mathematical Journal, was started just six years before, and was destined to continue under changed names to the present time.
† D.N.B. Apart from references there given are the following: Lady’s and O. Diary for 1852, p. 70; [Wilkinson] Westminster … Review, vol. 55, 1851, Amer. ed. pp. 35-42; M.M vol. 62, 1855, pp. 271-275; vol. 63, 1855, pp. 220-223; vol. 64, 1856, pp. 27-28; “Poggendorff”, vol. 1, 1863; De Morgan, Budget of Paradoxes, 1st ed. 1872, pp. 350, 351; 2nd ed. vol. 2, 1915, pp. 151-152. Davies was one of the mathematical masters at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, from 1734 till his death after six years of illness. He was the author of many problems and papers in minor serials, as well as papers in such publications as Trans.R. So. Edinb., Phil. Trans., and Cambridge and Dublin Math. Jl. He wrote under many pseudonyms; some of them are: Pen-and-ink, Shadow, Centurion, Miss L. L., Dunelmensis Bathonensis, Zephyr, Rev. Peter Twaddleton, Figaro, Sidrophel, Diedrich Knickerbocker, S.S.S., and Brown Rappee (M.M. vol. 67,1857, p. 608).
‡ D.N.B.; Rutherford taught at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, 1838-64, and wrote a number of mathematical works.
§ Autobiographical sketch in Trans. Hist. S. Lancashire and Cheshire, ser. 3, vol. 4, 1876, pp. 86-87. There is a reference, p. 89, to Miller being the editor of the mathematical part of The Key, another minor mathematical serial which lasted for two years at least.
║ Author of a dozen volumes and pamphlets, theological and literary, 1830-40, 1870, 1873 (B.M. Catalogue).
¶ B. F. Finkel, Amer. Math. Mo. vol. 3, 1896, pp. 159-163 +portrait of Miller; Miller, preface to 2nd ed. of Math. Q. and Sols. vol. 1, 1886: BMiotheca Mathematica, ser. 3, vol. 4, 1903, p. 111; B.M. Catalogue. Miller was the author of Essays and Nature Studies with Lectures, edited with an introd. by H. K. Swann, London, 1899. For a time Miller was a professor at Huddersfleld College, Yorkshire, but in 1876 he became registrar and secretary of the General Medical Council. In 1887 he founded the Richmond Athenaeum, of which he was long president.
* The page of the Educ. Times contained three columns previous to July 1864, when wider columns, two to the page, were published. The first volume of the Reprint had two columns to the page; but later volumes had but one somewhat different in format (13-6 x 21-2 cm.). To this style the second edition of volume 1 (1886, 164 pp., with “some needed corrections and improvements”) was made to conform.
† Thomas Archer Hirst (1830-92). “Poggendorff”; D.N.B.
‡ Geometrical Contributions to the Educational Times, 63 pp. 1875 (Hodgson).
§ It is to be hoped that some one will bring out a volume containing all of Sylvester’s contributions to the Educational Times. These go back to 1853 at least. None of them, except such as may also have appeared elsewhere, are included in his Collected Mathem. Papers.
* E.M. Langley, “The early history of The Mathematical Gazette,” Math. Gazette, vol. 7, 1913. pp. 134-136.
† C. H. P. Mayo and C. Godfrey, Math. Gazette, vol. 11, 1923, pp. 325-329+portrait.
‡ Robert Tucker (1832-1905). G. B. Halsted, Amur. Math. Mo., vol. 7, 1900, pp. 237-329, portrait opp. p. 277. M. J. M. Hill, Proc. London Math. So. ser. 2, vol. 3, 1905, pp. xii-xx.
§ Math. Gazette, Jan. 1913, vol. 7, in honour of Langley; biographical sketch and portrait.
║ Who’s Who, 1929.
¶ Who Was Who, 1897-1916, H. W. L. Tanner (1851-1915).
** Math. Gazette, vol. 9, 1917, p. 144, “H. M. S. Vanguard, July 9, 1917.”
†† Biographical notes and portrait, Math. Gazette, vol. 7, 1913, pp. 28-29; Who’s Who, 1929.