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Dimensions in Geometry*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2016

Extract

In selecting a subject for submission to your attention, I have avoided topics belonging to the customary ranges of the school room, the lecture theatre, and the examination arena. My wish is to discuss the notion of dimensions in abstract geometry. In recent years, the “fourth dimension” has been obtruded upon an unsophisticated world in phrases which occasionally defy comprehension. Little more than a year ago, our Sabbath peace was perturbed by a newspaper announcement that a fifth dimension had been discovered, though the explanation which introduced the discovery was little more than incoherent verbiage. Novelists have ventured upon the intangible theme of multiple space : did not one of them, in an attenuated remembrance of Cambridge training, malign a great mathematician by assigning to his genius a fatuous dogma that ghosts are possible by means of the fourth dimension? Theologians of a sort, on both sides of the Atlantic, have not disdained to make a new departure by placing heaven in the fourth dimension : one of them, indeed, has postulated an unlimited number of dimensions as constituting the heaven of heavens, the dwelling-place of The Most High. Nay, coming nearer to our mathematical science, some popular expositions of the successive theories of relativity have stated, almost pontifically as an article in a creed, that Time is the fourth dimension. Even more bewildering was the rhetoric launched at us some six months ago when we were told, in a metaphorical summary, that the four-dimensional space-time continuum had

“swallowed up both ether and light and was about to swallow up both the gravitational and electromagnetic fields and corpuscles as well. …”

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Mathematical Association 1931

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Footnotes

page 325 note *

A paper read at the Annual Meeting of the Mathematical Association, January 5th, 1931.

References

page 325 note † The representative Relativist (in Eddington’s prologue in Time, Space, and Gravitation, p. 14) declares : I think that there is a real sense in which time is a fourth dimension—as distinct from a fourth variable. The term dimension seems to be associated with relations of order. I believe that the order of events in nature is one indissoluble four-dimensional order.

page 325 note ‡ The Times, 17 June, 1930; 30 June, 1930.

page 326 note * La vie de l’espace, p. 9.

page 330 note * Such an ideal space is called sometimes flat, sometimes homaloidal : it Is unnecessary, at this stage, to amplify the vocabulary of technical terms; and neither term will be used.

page 335 note * Einstein, The Times, 5 February, 1929, p. 15.