Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T05:38:05.082Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Antecedents and Performance Consequences of Proactive Environmental Strategy: A Meta-analytic Review of National Contingency

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 July 2015

Yi Liu ,
Jingzhou Guo  and
Nan Chi
Yi Liu
Affiliation:
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Jingzhou Guo
Affiliation:
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Nan Chi
Affiliation:
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In this article we provide a comprehensive framework to explain, in China and in Western countries, how three antecedents – regulations, stakeholder norms, and managerial mindsets – differently affect proactive environmental strategies (PES) and subsequently influence firm performance. A meta-analysis of 68 studies involving 71 samples supports our hypotheses. In Western countries, top managerial mindsets have the strongest effect and regulations have the weakest effect on PES. In China, regulations, stakeholder norms, and managerial mindsets have similar effects on PES. For Western firms, the PES has stronger effects on environmental performance than on economic performance and the effect on environmental performance is stronger than that in Chinese firms. For firms in China, the PES has equally positively affects on environmental and economic performance, but the effect on economic performance is stronger than that of Western firms. Implications for future research are discussed.

Keywords

Chinaenvironmental performanceenvironmental strategiesfirm performancemeta-analysisnational contingency
Type
Special Issue Articles
Information
Management and Organization Review , Volume 11 , Issue 3: Special Issue Building Sustainable Organizations in China , September 2015 , pp. 521 - 557
Copyright
Copyright © The International Association for Chinese Management Research 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Aguinis, H., & Galvas, A. 2012. What we know and don't know about corporate social responsibility: A review and research agenda. Journal of Management, 38 (4): 932–968.Google Scholar
Aragón-Correa, J. A., Hurtado-Torres, N., Sharma, S., & García-Morales, V. J. 2008. Environmental strategy and performance in small firms: A resource-based perspective. Journal of Environmental Management, 86 (1): 88–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aragón-Correa, J. A., & Rubio-López, E. A. 2007. Proactive corporate environmental strategies: Myths and misunderstandings. Long Range Planning, 40 (3): 357–381.Google Scholar
Aragón-Correa, J. A., & Sharma, S. 2003. A contingent resource-based view of proactive corporate environmental strategy. Academy of Management Review, 28 (1): 71–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ateş, M. A., Bloemhof, J., Raaij, E. M., & Wynstra, F. 2012. Proactive environmental strategy in a supply chain context: The mediating role of investments. International Journal of Production Research, 50 (4): 1079–1095.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avella, L., Vazquez-Bustelo, D., & Fernandez, E. 2011. Cumulative manufacturing capabilities: An extended model and new empirical evidence. International Journal of Production Research, 49 (3): 707–729.Google Scholar
Bagur-Femenias, L., Llach, J., & Alonso-Almeida, M. M. 2013. Is the adoption of environmental practices a strategical decision for small service companies?: An empirical approach. Management Decision, 51 (1): 41–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banerjee, S. B. 2001. Managerial perceptions of corporate environmentalism: Interpretations from industry and strategic implications for organizations. Journal of Management Studies, 38 (4): 489–513.Google Scholar
Bansal, P. 2003. From issues to actions: The importance of individual concerns and organizational values in responding to natural environmental issues. Organization Science, 14 (5): 510– 527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bansal, P., & Clelland, I. 2004. Talking trash: Legitimacy, impression management and unsystematic risk in the context of the natural environment. Academy of Management Journal, 47 (1): 93–103.Google Scholar
Bansal, P., & Hunter, T. 2003. Strategic explanations for the early adoption of ISO 14001. Journal of Business Ethics, 46 (3): 289–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berrone, P., Cruz, C., Gomez-Mejia, L. R., & Larraza-Kintana, M. 2010. Socioemotional wealth and corporate responses to institutional pressures: Do family-controlled firms pollute less? Administrative Science Quarterly, 55 (1): 82–113.Google Scholar
Berrone, P., Fosfuri, A., Gelabert, L., & Gomez-Mejia, L. R. 2013. Necessity as the mother of ‘green’ inventions: Institutional pressures and environmental innovations. Strategic Management Journal, 34 (8): 891–909.Google Scholar
Berrone, P., & Gomez-Mejia, L. 2009. Environmental performance and executive compensation: An integrated agency-institutional perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 52 (1): 103–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Branzei, O., Ursacki-Bryant, T. J., Vertinsky, I., & Zhang, W. 2004. The formation of green strategies in Chinese firms: Matching corporate environmental responses and individual principles. Strategic Management Journal, 25 (11): 1075–1095.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, R. Y. K. 2005. Does the natural-resource-based view of the firm apply in an emerging economy? A survey of foreign invested enterprises in China. Journal of Management Studies, 42 (3): 625–672.Google Scholar
Chan, R. Y. K., He, H., Chan, H. K., & Wang, W. Y. C. 2012. Environmental orientation and corporate performance: The mediation mechanism of green supply chain management and moderating effect of competitive intensity. Industrial Marketing Management, 41 (4): 621–630.Google Scholar
Chang, C. H. 2011. The influence of corporate environmental ethics on competitive advantage: The mediation role of green innovation. Journal of Business Ethics, 104 (3): 361–370.Google Scholar
Chang, C., Rosen, C. C., & Levy, P. E. 2009. The relationship between perceptions of organizational politics and employee attitudes, strain, and behavior: A meta-analytic examination. Academy of Management Journal, 52 (4): 779–801.Google Scholar
Chen, M. J. 2002. Transcending paradox: The Chinese ‘middle way’ perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 19: 179–199.Google Scholar
Chen, Y. S., Chang, C. H., & Wu, F. S. 2012. Origins of green innovations: The differences between proactive and reactive green innovations. Management Decision, 50 (3): 368–398.Google Scholar
Christmann, P. 2000. Effects of ‘best practices’ of environmental management on cost advantage: The role of complementary assets. Academy of Management Journal, 43 (4): 663–680.Google Scholar
Christmann, P., & Taylor, G. 2001. Globalization and the environment: Determinants of firm self-regulation in China. Journal of International Business Studies, 32 (3): 439–458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarkson, M. E. 1995. A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review, 20 (1): 92–117.Google Scholar
Clemens, B., & Douglas, T. J. 2006. Does coercion drive firms to adopt ‘voluntary’ green initiatives? Relationships among coercion, superior firm resources, and voluntary green initiatives. Journal of Business Research, 59 (4): 483–491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cordano, M., & Frieze, I. H. 2000. Pollution reduction preferences of US environmental managers: Applying Ajzen's theory of planned behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 43 (4): 627–641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cordano, M., Marshall, R. S., & Silverman, M. 2010. How do small and medium enterprises go ‘green’? A study of environmental management programs in the US Wine Industry. Journal of Business Ethics, 92 (3), 463–478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crook, T. R., Ketchen, D. J. Jr, Combs, J. G., & Todd, S. Y. 2008. Strategic resources and performance: A meta-analysis. Strategic Management Journal, 29 (11): 1141–1154.Google Scholar
Dahlmann, F., & Brammer, S. 2011. Exploring and explaining patterns of adoption and selection in corporate environmental strategies in the USA. Organization Studies, 32 (4): 527–553.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalton, D. R., & Dalton, C. M. 2005. Strategic management studies are a special case for meta-analysis. In Ketchen, D. & Bergh, D. (Eds), Research Methodology in Strategy and Management: Vol. 2. San Diego, CA: Elsevier.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darnall, N., & Edwards, D. J. 2006. Predicting the cost of environmental management system adoption: The role of capabilities, resources and ownership structure. Strategic Management Journal, 27 (4): 301–320.Google Scholar
Darnall, N., Henriques, I., & Sadorsky, P. 2008. Do environmental management systems improve business performance in an international setting? Journal of International Management, 14 (4): 364–376.Google Scholar
Darnall, N., Henriques, I., & Sadorsky, P. 2010. Adopting proactive environmental strategy: The influence of stakeholders and firm size. Journal of Management Studies, 47 (6): 1072–1094.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delgado-Ceballos, J., Aragón-Correa, J. A., Ortiz-de-Mandojana, N., & Rueda-Manzanares, A. 2012. The effect of internal barriers on the connection between stakeholder integration and proactive environmental strategies. Journal of Business Ethics, 107 (3): 281–293.Google Scholar
Delmas, M. 2001. Stakeholders and competitive advantage: The case for ISO 14001. Production and Operations Management, 10 (3): 343–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delmas, M. A., & Montes-Sancho, M. J. 2010. Voluntary agreements to improve environmental quality: Symbolic and substantive cooperation. Strategic Management Journal, 31 (6): 576–601.Google Scholar
Delmas, M., & Toffel, M. 2004. Stakeholders and environmental management practices: An institutional framework. Business Strategy and the Environment, 13: 209–222.Google Scholar
Demirel, P., & Kesidou, E. 2011. Stimulating different types of eco-innovation in the UK: Government policies and firm motivations. Ecological Economics, 70 (8): 1546–1557.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escobar, L. F., & Vredenburg, H. 2011. Multinational oil companies and the adoption of sustainable development: A resource-based and institutional theory interpretation of adoption heterogeneity. Journal of Business Ethics, 98 (1): 39–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Etzion, D. 2007. Research on organizations and the natural environment, 1992–present: A review. Journal of Management, 33 (4): 637–664.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fang, T. 2010. Asian management research needs more self-confidence: Reflections on Hofstede (2007) and beyond. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 27: 155–170.Google Scholar
Fang, T. 2011. Yin Yang: A new perspective on culture. Management and Organization Review, 8 (1): 25–50.Google Scholar
Flannery, B. L., & May, D. R. 2000. Environmental ethical decision making in the U.S. metal-finishing industry. Academy of Management Journal, 43 (4): 642–662.Google Scholar
Florida, R., & Davison, D. 2001. Gaining from green management: Environmental management systems inside and outside the factory. California Management Review, 43 (3): 54–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freedman, M., & Jaggi, B. 1988. Impact of government regulations on pollution performance of pulp and paper firms. Environmental Management, 12 (3): 391–396.Google Scholar
Fryxell, G. E., & Lo, C. W. H. 2003. The Influence of Environmental Knowledge and Values on Managerial Behaviours on Behalf of the Environment: An Empirical Examination of Managers in China. Journal of Business Ethics, 46 (1): 45–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fryxell, G. E., Lo, C. W. H., & Chung, S. S. 2004. Influence of motivations for seeking ISO 14001 certification on perceptions of EMS effectiveness in China. Environmental Management, 33 (2): 239–251.Google Scholar
Gadenne, D. L., Kennedy, J., & McKeiver, C. 2009. An empirical study of environmental awareness and practices in SMEs. Journal of Business Ethics, 84 (1): 45–63.Google Scholar
González-Benito, J. 2008. The effect of manufacturing pro-activity on environmental management: An exploratory analysis. International Journal of Production Research, 46 (24): 7017–7038.Google Scholar
González-Benito, J., & González-Benito, O. 2006. The role of stakeholder pressure and managerial values in the implementation of environmental logistics practices. International Journal of Production Research, 44 (7): 1353–1373.Google Scholar
Hajmohammad, S., Vachon, S., Klassen, R. D., & Gavronski, I. 2013. Lean management and supply management: Their role in green practices and performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 39: 312–320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, S. L. 1995. A natural-resource-based view of the firm. Academy of Management Review, 20 (4): 986–1014.Google Scholar
Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. 1985. Statistical methods for meta-analysis. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Henriques, I., & Sadorsky, P. 1999. The relationship between environmental commitment and managerial perceptions of stakeholder importance. Academy of Management Journal, 42 (1): 87–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofer, C., Cantor, D. E., & Dai, J. 2011. The competitive determinants of a firm's environmental management activities: Evidence from US manufacturing industries. Journal of Operations Management, 30 (1–2): 69–84.Google Scholar
Hoffman, A. 1997. From heresy to dogma: An institutional history of corporate environmentalism. San Francisco, CA: New Lexington Press.Google Scholar
Hu, H. Y., Wu, Q. Y., Yang, Y., & Wang, H. T. 2011. Evaluation and management methods for toxicity control of industrial wastewater. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 1 (1): 46–51.Google Scholar
Huang, Y. C. 2005. An empirical test of the relationship of environmental management and stakeholders: A study of manufacturers at Taiwan. Asia Pacific Management Review, 10 (1): 5–16.Google Scholar
Huang, Y. C., Ding, H. B., & Kao, M. R. 2009. Salient stakeholder voices: Family business and green innovation adoption. Journal of Management and Organization, 15 (3): 309–326.Google Scholar
Huang, C. L., & Kung, F. H. 2010. Drivers of environmental disclosure and stakeholder expectation: Evidence from Taiwan. Journal of Business Ethics, 96 (3): 435–451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunter, J. E., & Schmidt, F. L. 1990. Methods of meta-Analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Hunter, J. E., & Schmidt, F. L. 2004. Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnstone, N., & Labonne, J. 2009. Why do manufacturing facilities introduce environmental management systems? Improving and/or signaling performance. Ecological Economics, 68 (3): 719–730.Google Scholar
Judge, W. Q., & Douglas, T. J. 1998. Performance implications of incorporating natural environmental issues into the strategic planning process: An empirical assessment. Journal of Management Studies, 35 (2): 241–262.Google Scholar
Julian, S. D., & Ofori-Dankwa, J. C. 2013. Financial resource availability and corporate social responsibility expenditures in a sub-Saharan economy: The institutional difference hypothesis. Strategic Management Journal, 34 (11): 1314–1330.Google Scholar
Kassinis, G. I., & Soteriou, A. C. 2003. Greening the service profit chain: The impact of environmental management practices. Production and Operations Management, 12 (3): 386–403.Google Scholar
Kassinis, G. I., & Vafeas, N. 2009. Environmental performance and plant closure. Journal of Business Research, 62 (4): 484–494.Google Scholar
King, A. A., & Lenox, M. J. 2001. Lean and green? An empirical examination of the relationship between lean production and environmental performance. Production and Operations Management, 10 (3): 244–256.Google Scholar
King, A. A., & Lenox, M. J. 2002. Exploring the locus of profitable pollution reduction. Management Science, 48 (2): 289–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirca, A. H., Hult, G. T. M., Roth, K., Cavusgil, S. T., Perry, M. Z., & Akdeniz, M. B., Delinogul, S. Z., Mena, J. A., Politte, W. A., Hoppner, J. J., Miller, J. C., & White, R. C. 2011. Firm-specific assets, multinationality, and firm performance: A meta-analytic review and theoretical integration. Academy of Management Journal, 54 (1): 47–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klassen, R. D. 2001. Plant-level environmental management orientation: The influence of management views and plant characteristics. Production and Operations Management, 10 (3): 257–275.Google Scholar
Klassen, R. D., & Vachon, S. 2003. Collaboration and evaluation in the supply chain: The impact on plant-level environmental investment. Production and Operations Management, 12 (3): 336–352.Google Scholar
Klassen, R. D., & Whybark, D. C. 1999. The impact of environmental technologies on manufacturing performance. Academy of Management Journal, 42 (6): 599–615.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, M. D. P. 2011. Configuration of external influences: The combined effects of institutions and stakeholders on corporate social responsibility strategies. Journal of Business Ethics, 102 (2): 281–298.Google Scholar
Li, Y., Lee, S., Li, X., & Liu, Y. 2010. Knowledge codification, exploitation, and innovation: The moderating influence of organizational controls in Chinese firms. Management and Organization Review, 6 (2): 219–241.Google Scholar
Li, Y., Li, P. P., Liu, Y., & Yang, D. 2010. Learning trajectory in offshore OEM cooperation: Transaction value for local suppliers in the emerging economies. Journal of Operations Management, 28: 269–282.Google Scholar
Li, Y., Liu, Y., Duan, Y., & Li, M. F. 2008. Entrepreneurial orientation, strategic flexibilities and indigenous firm innovation in transitional China. International Journal of Technology Management, 41: 223–246.Google Scholar
Li, Y., & Peng, M. W. 2008. Developing theory from strategic management research in China. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 25: 563–572.Google Scholar
Lin, C. Y., & Ho, Y. H. 2011. Determinants of green practice adoption for logistics companies in China. Journal of Business Ethics, 98 (1): 67–83.Google Scholar
Link, S., & Naveh, E. 2006. Standardization and discretion: Does the environmental standard ISO 14001 lead to performance benefits? IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 53 (4): 508–519.Google Scholar
Lipsey, M. W., & Wilson, D. B. 2001. Practical meta-Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Liu, X., Liu, B., Shishime, T., Yu, Q., Bi, J., & Fujitsuka, T. 2010. An empirical study on the driving mechanism of proactive corporate environmental management in China. Journal of Environmental Management, 91 (8): 1707–1717.Google Scholar
Llach, J., Perramon, J., Alonso-Almeida, M. M., & Bagur-Femenías, L. 2013. Joint impact of quality and environmental practices on firm performance in small service businesses: An empirical study of restaurants. Journal of Cleaner Production, 44: 96–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lo, C. W. H., Fryxell, G. E., & Tang, S. Y. 2010. Stakeholder pressures from perceived environmental impacts and the effect on corporate environmental management programmes in China. Environmental Politics, 19 (6): 888–909.Google Scholar
López-Gamero, M. D., Claver-Cortés, E., & Molina-Arozín, J. F. 2009. Evaluating environmental regulation in Spain using process control and preventive techniques. European Journal of Operational Research, 195 (2): 497–518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
López-Gamero, M. D., Claver-Cortés, E., & Molina-Azorín, J. F. 2011. Environmental perception, management, and competitive opportunity in Spanish hotels. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 52 (4): 480–500.Google Scholar
López-Gamero, M. D., Molina-Azorín, J. F., & Claver-Cortés, E. 2009. The whole relationship between environmental variables and firm performance: Competitive advantage and firm resources as mediator variables. Journal of Environmental Management, 90 (10): 3110–3121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
López-Gamero, M. D., Molina-Azorín, J. F., & Claver-Cortés, E. 2011. The relationship between managers' environmental perceptions, environmental management and firm performance in Spanish hotels: a whole framework. International Journal of Tourism Research, 13: 141–163.Google Scholar
Lux, S. 2008. Nonmarket effects on strategic fit and performance: An economic institutional change perspective. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Florida State University, Tallahassee.Google Scholar
Maignan, I., & Ralston, D. A. 2002. Corporate social responsibility in Europe and the U.S.: Insights from businesses' self-presentations. Journal of International Business Studies, 33: 497–515.Google Scholar
Margolis, J., Elfenbein, H. A., & Walsh, J. 2007. Does it pay to be good? A meta-analysis and redirection of research on the relationship between corporate social and financial performance. Working Paper. Ross School of Business, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Marshall, R. S., Akoorie, M. E. M., Hamann, R., & Sinha, P. 2010. Environmental practices in the wine industry: An empirical application of the theory of reasoned action and stakeholder theory in the United States and New Zealand. Journal of World Business, 45 (4): 405–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marshall, R. S., Cordano, M., & Silverman, M. 2005. Exploring individual and institutional drivers of proactive environmentalism in the US wine industry. Business Strategy and the Environment, 14: 92–109.Google Scholar
Martínez-del-Rio, J., Céspedes-Lorente, J., & Carmona-Moreno, E. 2012. High-involvement work practices and environmental capabilities: How HIWPS create environmentally based sustainable competitive advantages. Human Resource Management, 51 (6): 827–850.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matten, D., & Moon, J. 2008. ‘Implicit’ and ‘explicit’ CSR: A conceptual framework for a comparative understanding of corporate social responsibility. Academy of Management Review, 33 (2): 404–424.Google Scholar
Menguc, B., Auh, S., & Ozanne, L. 2010. The interactive effect of internal and external factors on a proactive environmental strategy and its influence on a firm's performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 94 (2): 279–298.Google Scholar
Nisbett, R.E., & Masuda, T. 2003. Culture and point of view. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100 (19): 11163–11170.Google Scholar
Nisbett, R. E., Peng, K., Choi, I., & Norenzayan, A. 2001. Culture and systems of thought: Holistic versus analytic cognition. Psychological Review, 108 (2): 291–310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ortiz-de-Mandojana, N., Aragón-Correa, J. A., Delgado-Ceballos, J., & Ferrón-Vílchez, V. 2012. The effect of director interlocks on firms' adoption of proactive environmental strategies. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 20 (2): 164–178.Google Scholar
Peattie, K. 1992. Green Marketing. London: Pitman Publishing.Google Scholar
Peng, M. W. 2002. Towards an institution-based view of business strategy. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 19 (2–3): 251–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peng, Y. S., & Lin, S. S. 2008. Local responsiveness pressure, subsidiary resources, green management adoption and subsidiary's performance: Evidence from Taiwanese manufactures. Journal of Business Ethics, 79 (1–2): 199–212.Google Scholar
Peng, K., & Nisbett, R. E. 1999. Culture, dialectics, and reasoning about contradiction. American Psychologist, 54 (9): 741–754.Google Scholar
Peng, K., Spencer-Rodgers, J., & Nian, Z. 2006. Naïve dialecticism and the Tao of Chinese thought. In Kim, U., Yang, K., & Hwang, K. (Eds.), Indigenous and Cultural Psychology: Understanding People in Context. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Philippe, D., & Durand, R. 2011. The impact of norm-conforming behaviors on firm reputation. Strategic Management Journal, 32: 969–993.Google Scholar
Powell, W. W., & DiMaggio, P. J. (Eds.) 1991. The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qi, G. Y., Zeng, S. X., Li, X. D., & Tam, C. M. 2012. Role of internalization process in defining the relationship between ISO 14001 certification and corporate environmental performance. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 19 (3): 129–140.Google Scholar
Qi, G. Y., Zeng, S. X., Tam, C. M., Yin, H. T., Wu, J. F., & Dai, Z. H. 2011. Diffusion of ISO 14001 environmental management systems in China: Rethinking on stakeholders' roles. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19 (11): 1250–1256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramus, C. A., & Steger, U. 2000. The roles of supervisory support behaviors and environmental policy in employee ‘ecoinitiatives’ at leading-edge European companies. Academy of Management Journal, 43 (4): 605–626.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenthal, R. 1994. Parametric measures of effect size. In Cooper, H. & Hedges, L. V. (Eds.), The handbook of research synthesis: 231–244. New York: Sage.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, R. 1979. The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results. Psychological Bulletin, 86: 638–641.Google Scholar
Russo, M. V., & Harrison, N. S. 2005. Organizational design and environmental performance: Clues from the electronics industry. Academy of Management Journal, 48 (4): 582–593.Google Scholar
Sarkis, J., Gonzalez-Torre, P., & Adenso-Diaz, B. 2010. Stakeholder pressure and the adoption of environmental practices: The mediating effect of training. Journal of Operations Management, 28 (2): 163–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaefer, A. 2007. Contrasting institutional and performance accounts of environmental management systems: Three case studies in the UK water & sewerage industry. Journal of Management Studies, 44 (4): 506–535.Google Scholar
Scott, W. R. 2001. Institutions and Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Shafer, W. E., Fukukawa, K., & Lee, G. M. 2007. Values and the perceived importance of ethics and social responsibility: The US versus China. Journal of Business Ethics, 70 (3): 265–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharfman, M. P., & Fernando, C. S. 2008. Environmental risk management and the cost of capital. Strategic Management Journal, 29 (6): 569–592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharma, S. 2000. Managerial interpretations and organizational context as predictors of corporate choice of environmental strategy. Academy of Management Journal, 43 (4): 681–697.Google Scholar
Sharma, S., & Henriques, I. 2005. Stakeholder influences on sustainability practices in the Canadian forest products industry. Strategic Management Journal, 26 (2): 159–180.Google Scholar
Sharma, S., & Vredenburg, H. 1998. Proactive corporate environmental strategy and the development of competitively valuable organizational capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, 19 (8): 729–753.Google Scholar
Spencer-Rodgers, J., Williams, M. J., & Peng, K. 2010. Cultural differences in expectations of change and tolerance for contradiction: A decade of empirical research. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 14 (3): 296–312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Su, Z., Peng, J., Shen, H., & Xiao, T. 2013. Technological capability, marketing capability, and firm performance in turbulent conditions. Management and Organization Review, 9 (1): 115–137.Google Scholar
Su, C., Sirgy, M. J., & Littlefield, J. E. 2003. Is guanxi orientation bad, ethically speaking? A study of Chinese enterprises. Journal of Business Ethics, 44 (4): 303–312.Google Scholar
Suchman, M. C. 1995. Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of Management Review, 20 (3): 571–610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thoumy, M., & Vachon, S. 2012. Environmental projects and financial performance: Exploring the impact of project characteristics. International Journal of Production Economics, 140 (1): 28–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torugsa, N. A., & O'Donohue, W., & Hecker, R. 2013. Proactive CSR: An empirical analysis of the role of its economic, social and environmental dimensions on the association between capabilities and performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 115 (2): 383–402.Google Scholar
Vachon, S. 2007. Green supply chain practices and the selection of environmental technologies. International Journal of Production Research, 45 (18–19): 4357–4379.Google Scholar
Villiers, C. de, Naiker, V., & Staden, C. J. van. 2011. The effect of board characteristics on firm environmental performance. Journal of Management, 37 (6): 1636–1663.Google Scholar
Viswesvaran, C., & Ones, D. 1995. Theory testing: Combining psychometric meta-analysis and structural equations modeling. Personnel Psychology, 48 (4): 865–885.Google Scholar
Wagner, M. 2007. Integration of environmental management with other managerial functions of the firm: Empirical effects on drivers of economic performance. Long Range Planning, 40 (6): 611–628.Google Scholar
Walls, J. L., Berrone, P., & Phan, P. H. 2012. Corporate governance and environmental performance: Is there really a link? Strategic Management Journal, 33 (8): 885–913.Google Scholar
Whitley, R. 1999. Divergent capitalisms: The social structuring and change of business systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wong, C. W. Y., Lai, K., Cheng, T. C. E., & Lun, Y. H. V. 2012. The roles of stakeholder support and procedure-oriented management on asset recovery. International Journal of Production Economics, 135 (2): 584–594.Google Scholar
Wright, M., Filatotchev, I., Hoskisson, R. E., & Peng, M. W. 2005. Strategy research in emerging economies: Challenging the conventional wisdom. Journal of Management Studies, 42 (1): 1–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, C. L., Lin, S. P., Chan, Y. H., & Sheu, C. 2010. Mediated effect of environmental management on manufacturing competitiveness: An empirical study. International Journal of Production Economics, 123 (1): 210–220.Google Scholar
Zhou, K. Z., Su, C., & Bao, Y. 2002. A paradox of price–quality and market efficiency: A comparative study of the U.S. and China markets. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 19 (4): 349–365.Google Scholar
Zhu, Q., & Sarkis, J. 2004. Relationships between operational practices and performance among early adopters of green supply chain management practices in Chinese manufacturing enterprises. Journal of Operations Management, 22 (3): 265–289.Google Scholar
Zhu, Q., Sarkis, J., & Lai, K. 2008. Confirmation of a measurement model for green supply chain management practices implementation. International Journal of Production Economics, 111 (2): 261–273.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Liu supplementary material

Translated abstracts

Download Liu supplementary material(File)
File 14.2 KB