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Improved photoprotection in melanized lichens is a result of fungal solar radiation screening rather than photobiont acclimation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 November 2019

Richard Peter BECKETT ,
Knut Asbjørn SOLHAUG ,
Yngvar GAUSLAA Open the ORCID record for Yngvar GAUSLAA [Opens in a new window]  and
Farida MINIBAYEVA
Richard Peter BECKETT
Affiliation:
School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; and OpenLab ‘Biomarker’, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Email: [email protected]
Knut Asbjørn SOLHAUG
Affiliation:
Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway.
Yngvar GAUSLAA
Affiliation:
Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway.
Farida MINIBAYEVA
Affiliation:
Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center ‘Kazan Scientific Center of RAS’, P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia. Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Some lichenized ascomycetes synthesize melanic pigments in their upper cortices when exposed to ultraviolet light and high solar radiation. Our previous work showed that melanized chloro- and cyanolichens from both high light and more shaded habitats were less photoinhibited than pale ones during controlled exposure to high light. However, protection from high light might not necessarily be the consequence of just sun-screening by melanins in upper cortices. An inherent problem with earlier experiments was that the photobionts of melanized thalli might have received more light than those beneath pale cortices. The photobionts may therefore have possessed other light-induced tolerance mechanisms that gave protection from photoinhibition. Here, we aimed to test directly the inherent tolerance of lichen photobionts to photoinhibition. The method involved removing the lower cortices and medullas of three lichen species, Cetraria islandica, Crocodia aurata and Lobaria pulmonaria, and exposing the photobionts to light from below. Results confirmed that most of the improvement in tolerance to photoinhibition in melanized lichens derives from fungal melanization in the upper cortex. However, in C. islandica, the most heavily melanized species, algae from melanized thalli possessed a significantly higher tolerance to photoinhibition than those from pale thalli, suggesting that photobionts can also adapt themselves to high light.

Keywords

acclimationchlorophyll fluorescencedesiccationlichensmelaninphotoinhibitionUV-B
Type
Articles
Information
The Lichenologist , Volume 51 , Issue 5 , September 2019 , pp. 483 - 491
Copyright
Copyright © British Lichen Society 2019 

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