Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T03:57:30.408Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The genus Relicinopsis is nested within Relicina (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 May 2017

Paul M. KIRIKA ,
Pradeep K. DIVAKAR ,
Steven D. LEAVITT ,
Kawinnat BUARUANG ,
Ana CRESPO ,
George MUGAMBI ,
Grace W. GATHERI  and
H. Thorsten LUMBSCH
Paul M. KIRIKA
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya Botany Department, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Pradeep K. DIVAKAR
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
Steven D. LEAVITT
Affiliation:
Science & Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
Kawinnat BUARUANG
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkhen, Bangkok, 10900Thailand
Ana CRESPO
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
George MUGAMBI
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Meru University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 972-60200, Meru, Kenya
Grace W. GATHERI
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
H. Thorsten LUMBSCH*
Affiliation:
Science & Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
*
Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Macro-morphological features traditionally used to segregate genera in Parmeliaceae have been shown to be highly plastic, placing limits on their taxonomic value. Here we aim to elucidate the evolutionary relationships of the genera Relicina and Relicinopsis and reassess the phenotypic features traditionally used to separate these genera. To this end, we gathered ribosomal DNA sequences of ITS, nuLSU and mtSSU and analyzed them in a phylogenetic framework. Relicina was recovered as paraphyletic, with Relicinopsis nested within, and three different clades were identified within Relicina. Alternative hypothesis tests significantly rejected the monophyly of Relicina. Our results indicate that the presence or absence of bulbate cilia is of limited taxonomic value in this clade. Based on differences in conidia, however, we propose to accept Relicinopsis as a subgenus within Relicina as Relicina subgen. Relicinopsis (Elix & Verdon) Kirika, Divakar & Lumbsch. It is proposed that five new combinations of species previously classified in Relicinopsis be placed in Relicina.

Keywords

generic circumscriptionintegrative taxonomylichenized fungimolecular systematicsparmelioid lichens
Type
Articles
Information
The Lichenologist , Volume 49 , Issue 3 , May 2017 , pp. 189 - 197
Copyright
© British Lichen Society, 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arup, U., Ekman, S., Lindblom, L. & Mattsson, J. E. (1993) High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), an improved technique for screening lichen substances. Lichenologist 25: 61–71.Google Scholar
Biomatters Ltd (2005–2015) Geneious r8. Available at: http://www.geneious.com/previous-versions Google Scholar
Buaruang, K., Scharnagl, K., Divakar, P. K., Leavitt, S. D., Crespo, A., Nash, T. H., Manoch, L., Lücking, R. & Lumbsch, H. T. (2015) Molecular data support Pseudoparmelia as a distinct lineage related to Relicina and Relicinopsis (Ascomycota, Lecanorales). Lichenologist 47: 43–49.Google Scholar
Crespo, A., Kauff, F., Divakar, P. K., Amo, G., Arguello, A., Blanco, O., Roca-Valiente, B., Núñez-Zapata, J., Cubas, P., Argüello, A. et. al. (2010) Phylogenetic generic classification of parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) based on molecular, morphological and chemical evidence. Taxon 59: 1735–1753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crespo, A., Divakar, P. K. & Hawksworth, D. L. (2011) Generic concepts in parmelioid lichens, and the phylogenetic value of characters used in their circumscription. Lichenologist 43: 511–535.Google Scholar
Divakar, P. K. & Crespo, A. (2015) Molecular phylogenetic and phylogenomic approaches in studies of lichen systematics and evolution. In Recent Advances in Lichenology: Modern Methods and Approaches in Lichen Systematics and Culture Techniques, Volume 2 (D. K. Upreti, P. K. Divakar, V. Shukla & R. Bajpai, eds): 45–60. New Delhi: Springer India.Google Scholar
Divakar, P. K. & Upreti, D. K. (2005) Parmelioid Lichens in India (A Revisionary Study). Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh.Google Scholar
Divakar, P. K., Ferencova, Z., Del Prado, R., Lumbsch, H. T. & Crespo, A. (2010) Remototrachyna, a new tropical lineage in hypotrachynoid lichens (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota): a multigene and morphological approach. American Journal of Botany 97: 579–590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Divakar, P. K., Crespo, A., Núñez-Zapata, J., Flakus, A., Sipman, H. J. M., Elix, J. A. & Lumbsch, H. T. (2013) A molecular perspective on generic concepts in the Hypotrachyna clade (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota). Phytotaxa 132: 21–38.Google Scholar
Divakar, P. K., Crespo, A., Wedin, M., Leavitt, S. D., Hawksworth, D. L., Myllys, L., McCune, B., Randlane, T., Bjerke, J. W., Ohmura, Y. et al. (2015) Evolution of complex symbiotic relationships in a morphologically derived family of lichen-forming fungi. New Phytologist 208: 1217–1226.Google Scholar
Drummond, A. & Rambaut, A. (2007) BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7: 214.Google Scholar
Drummond, A. J., Suchard, M. A., Xie, D. & Rambaut, A. (2012) Bayesian phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7. Molecular Biology and Evolution 29: 1969–1973.Google Scholar
Elix, J. A. (1993) Progress in the generic delimitation of Parmelia sensu lato lichens (Ascomycotina: Parmeliaceae) and a synoptic key to the Parmeliaceae . Bryologist 96: 359–383.Google Scholar
Elix, J. A. (1994) Parmeliaceae . Flora of Australia 55: 1–360.Google Scholar
Elix, J. A., Johnston, J. & Verdon, D. (1986) Canoparmelia, Paraparmelia and Relicinopsis, three new genera in the Parmeliaceae (lichenized Ascomycotina). Mycotaxon 27: 271–282.Google Scholar
Gardes, M. & Bruns, T. D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes – application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118.Google Scholar
Gutierrez, G., Blanco, O., Divakar, P. K., Lumbsch, H. T. & Crespo, A. (2007) Patterns of group I intron presence in nuclear SSU rDNA of the lichen family Parmeliaceae . Journal of Molecular Evolution 64: 181–195.Google Scholar
Hale, M. E. (1974) Bulbothrix, Parmelina, Relicina, and Xanthoparmelia, four new genera in the Parmeliaceae . Phytologia 28: 479–490.Google Scholar
Hale, M. E. (1975) A monograph of the lichen genus Relicina (Parmeliaceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 26: 1–32.Google Scholar
Hale, M. E. (1976) A monograph of the lichen genus Pseudoparmelia Lynge (Parmeliaceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 31: 1–62.Google Scholar
Hörandl, E. & Stuessy, T. F. (2010) Paraphyletic groups as natural units of biological classification. Taxon 59: 1641–1653.Google Scholar
Katoh, K. & Toh, H. (2008) Recent developments in the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. Briefings in Bioinformatics 9: 286–298.Google Scholar
Katoh, K., Kuma, K. I., Toh, H. & Miyata, T. (2005) MAFFT version 5: improvement in accuracy of multiple sequence alignment. Nucleic Acids Research 33: 511–518.Google Scholar
Lanfear, R., Calcott, B., Ho, S. Y. & Guindon, S. (2012) PartitionFinder: combined selection of partitioning schemes and substitution models for phylogenetic analyses. Molecular Biology and Evolution 29: 1695–1701.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Larena, I., Salazar, O., González, V., Julián, M. C. & Rubio, V. (1999) Design of a primer for ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer with enhanced specificity for ascomycetes. Journal of Biotechnology 75: 187–194.Google Scholar
Lumbsch, H. T. (2001) Analysis of phenolic products in lichens for identification and taxonomy. In Protocols in Lichenology: Culturing, Biochemistry, Ecophysiology and Use in Biomonitoring (I. Kranner, R. Beckett & A. Varma, eds): 281–295. Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
Lumbsch, H. T. (2007) Recent trends in phylogeny and classification of lichen-forming ascomycetes. In Fungi: Multifaceted Microbes (B. N. Ganguli & S. K. Deshmukh, eds): 153–168. Delhi: Anamaya.Google Scholar
Printzen, C. (2010) Lichen systematics: the role of morphological and molecular data to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships. Progress in Botany 71: 233–279.Google Scholar
Rambaut, A. & Drummond, A. J. (2009) Tracer version 1.5. Available at: http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk.Google Scholar
Schmidt, H. A., Strimmer, K., Vingron, M. & von Haeseler, A. (2002) TREE-PUZZLE: maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis using quartets and parallel computing. Bioinformatics 18: 502–504.Google Scholar
Shimodaira, H. & Hasegawa, M. (1999) Multiple comparisons of log-likelihoods with applications to phylogenetic inference. Molecular Biology and Evolution 16: 1114–1116.Google Scholar
Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22: 2688–2690.Google Scholar
Stamatakis, A., Hoover, P. & Rougemont, J. (2008) A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML Web servers. Systematic Biology 57: 758–771.Google Scholar
Strimmer, K. & Rambaut, A. (2002) Inferring confidence sets of possibly misspecified gene trees. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 269: 137–142.Google Scholar
Swinscow, T. D. V. & Krog, H. (1988) Macrolichens of East Africa. London: British Museum (Natural History).Google Scholar
Talavera, G. & Castresana, J. (2007) Improvement of phylogenies after removing divergent and ambiguously aligned blocks from protein sequence alignments. Systematic Biology 56: 564–577.Google Scholar
Thell, A., Crespo, A., Divakar, P. K., Kärnefelt, I., Leavitt, S. D., Lumbsch, H. T. & Seaward, M. R. D. (2012) A review of the lichen family Parmeliaceae – history, phylogeny and current taxonomy. Nordic Journal of Botany 30: 641–664.Google Scholar
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238–4246.Google Scholar
White, T. J., Bruns, T. D., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (eds) (1990) Amplification and Direct Sequencing of Fungal Ribosomal RNA Genes for Phylogenetics. San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Wiens, J. J. (1998) Combining data sets with different phylogenetic histories. Systematic Biology 47: 568–581.Google Scholar
Zoller, S., Scheidegger, C. & Sperisen, C. (1999) PCR primers for the amplification of mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA of lichen-forming ascomycetes. Lichenologist 31: 511–516.Google Scholar