Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T03:49:27.889Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The description of a new species reveals underestimated diversity in the lichen genus Bulbothrix (Parmeliaceae) in Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 September 2015

Didier Masson ,
Michel N. Benatti  and
Emmanuël Sérusiaux
Didier Masson
Affiliation:
386 rue des Flamboyants, F-40600 Biscarrosse, France
Michel N. Benatti
Affiliation:
Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Caixa Postal 68041, São Paulo / SP, CEP 04045-972, Brazil
Emmanuël Sérusiaux
Affiliation:
(corresponding author): Evolution and Conservation Biology Unit, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B22, B-4000 Liège, Belgium. Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Bulbothrix johannis is described as new to science. The species is morphologically similar to the South American Bulbothrix pseudofungicola Benatti & Marcelli but has wider lobes, laminal ciliate isidia which frequently develop into phyllidia, larger cilia and rhizines, and longer ascospores. This epiphytic species occurs fairly frequently in the cloud forests and montane thickets on Réunion Island (Mascarene archipelago). The comparison of B. johannis with morphologically and chemically similar species shows that several different African taxa are currently grouped under the widely used but problematic name B. suffixa (Stirt.) Hale.

Keywords

Bulbothrix johannisBulbothrix suffixaIndian Oceanmolecular phylogenyRéuniontaxonomy
Type
Articles
Information
The Lichenologist , Volume 47 , Issue 5 , September 2015 , pp. 323 - 334
Copyright
© British Lichen Society, 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alstrup, V., Aptroot, A., Divakar, P. K., LaGreca, S. & Tibell, L. (2010) Lichens from Tanzania and Kenya III. Macrolichens and calicioid lichens. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 31: 333–351.Google Scholar
Aptroot, A. (1990) Lichens of Madagascar: new and interesting records and species. Cryptogamie, Bryologie et Lichénologie 11: 401–408.Google Scholar
Benatti, M. N. (2010) Revisão taxonômica do gênero Bulbothrix Hale (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota liquenizados). Ph.D. thesis, Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo.Google Scholar
Benatti, M. N. (2011) Two new species of Bulbothrix Hale. Mycology 2: 255–259.Google Scholar
Benatti, M. N. (2012 a) Three resurrected species of the genus Bulbothrix Hale (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Fungi). Mycosphere 3: 46–55.Google Scholar
Benatti, M. N. (2012 b) A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the species with medullary norstictic or protocetraric acids. MycoKeys 2: 1–28.Google Scholar
Benatti, M. N. (2012 c) New species of Bulbothrix Hale containing gyrophoric acid from Brazil. Mycology 3: 127–131.Google Scholar
Benatti, M. N. (2012 d) A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the species with medullary salazinic acid lacking vegetative propagules. MycoKeys 5: 1–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benatti, M. N. (2013 a) A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the isidiate, sorediate, and pustulate species with medullary salazinic acid. Mycosphere 4: 1–30.Google Scholar
Benatti, M. N. (2013 b) A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the species with medullary fatty acids or without medullary substances. Mycosphere 4: 303–331.Google Scholar
Benatti, M. N. (2013 c) A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: species with gyrophoric, lecanoric or lobaric acids lacking vegetative propagules. Opuscula Philolichenum 12: 151–173.Google Scholar
Benatti, M. N. (2014) A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the isidiate, lacinulate, sorediate and pustulate species with medullary gyrophoric, lecanoric and lobaric acids, together with a world key for the genus. Opuscula Philolichenum 13: 122–154.Google Scholar
Benatti, M. N. & Elix, J. A. (2012) The true identity of Bulbothrix goebelii (Zenker) Hale and the re-establishment of some of its synonyms as accepted species. Lichenologist 44: 813–826.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bungartz, F., Benatti, M. N. & Spielmann, A. A. (2013) The genus Bulbothrix (Parmeliaceae, Lecanoromycetes) in the Galapagos Islands: a case study of superficially similar, but overlooked macrolichens. Bryologist 116: 358–372.Google Scholar
Bussmann, R. W. (2006) Vegetation zonation and nomenclature of African Mountains – an overview. Lyonia 11: 41–66.Google Scholar
Calvelo, S. & Adler, M. T. (1999) Parmelia araucana sp. nov. and new reports in the Parmeliaceae sensu stricto (lichenized Ascomycotina) from Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). Sydowia 51: 145–154.Google Scholar
Castresana, J. (2000) Selection of conserved blocks from multiple alignments for their use in phylogenetic analysis. Molecular Biology and Evolution 17: 540–552.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crespo, A., Kauff, F., Divakar, P. K., del Prado, R., Pérez-Ortega, S., Amo de Paz, G., Ferencova, Z., Blanco, O., Roca-Valiente, B., Núñez-Zapata, J. et al. (2010) Phylogenetic generic classification of parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) based on molecular, morphological and chemical evidence. Taxon 59: 1735–1753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cubero, O. F., Crespo, A., Fatehi, J. & Bridge, P. D. (1999) DNA extraction and PCR amplification method suitable for fresh, herbarium-stored, lichenized, and other fungi. Plant Systematics and Evolution 216: 243–249.Google Scholar
Divakar, P. K., Crespo, A., Blanco, O. & Lumbsch, H. T. (2006) Phylogenetic significance of morphological characters in the tropical Hypotrachyna clade of parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40: 448–458.Google Scholar
Divakar, P. K., Lumbsch, H. T., Ferencova, Z., del Prado, R. & Crespo, A. (2010) Remototrachyna, a newly recognized tropical lineage of lichens in the Hypotrachyna clade (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota), originated in the Indian subcontinent. American Journal of Botany 97: 579–590.Google Scholar
Elix, J. A. (1993) Progress in the generic delimitation of Parmelia sensu lato lichens (Ascomycotina: Parmeliaceae) and a synoptic key to the Parmeliaceae . Bryologist 96: 359–383.Google Scholar
Elix, J. A. (2014) A Catalogue of Standardized Chromatographic Data and Biosynthetic Relationships for Lichen Substances. Third Edition. Canberra: Published by the author.Google Scholar
Ferencova, Z. (2012) Estudio morfológico comparado de los caracteres generativos en relación con linajes monofiléticos de la familia Parmeliaceae (Lecanorales, Ascomycota). Ph.D. thesis, Universidad Complutense de Madrid.Google Scholar
Gardes, M. & Bruns, T. D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes - application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118.Google Scholar
Hale, M. E. (1974) Bulbothrix, Parmelina, Relicina, and Xanthoparmelia, four new genera in the Parmeliaceae (Lichenes). Phytologia 28: 479–490.Google Scholar
Hale, M. E. (1976) A monograph of the lichen genus Bulbothrix (Parmeliaceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 32: 1–29.Google Scholar
Hale, M. E. & Kurokawa, S. (1964) Studies on Parmelia subgenus Parmelia. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 36: 121–191.Google Scholar
Jumaux, G., Quetelard, H. & Roy, D. (2011) Atlas Climatique de La Réunion. Météo-France.Google Scholar
Katoh, K. & Standley, D. M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 772–780.Google Scholar
Maddison, D. R. & Maddison, W. P. (2005) MacClade v. 4.08. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Assocociates.Google Scholar
Masson, D. (2012) Hypotrachyna altorum sp. nov., a new lichen from the cloud forests of Réunion Island, Indian Ocean. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 33: 203–212.Google Scholar
Miller, M. A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetics trees. In Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), 14 November 2010, New Orleans, Louisiana, pp. 1–8.Google Scholar
Mittermeier, R. A., Gil, P. R., Hoffman, M., Pilgrim, J., Brooks, T., Mittermeier, C. G., Lamoreux, J. & da Fonseca, G. A. B. (2004) Hotspots Revisited: Earth’s Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Terrestrial Ecoregions. Mexico: CEMEX.Google Scholar
Olson, D. M. & Dinerstein, E. (2002) The Global 200: priority ecoregions for global conservation. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 89: 199–224.Google Scholar
Orange, A., James, P. W. & White, F. J. (2001) Microchemical Methods for the Identification of Lichens. London: British Lichen Society.Google Scholar
Orock, E. A., Leavitt, S. D., Fonge, B. A., St. Clair, L. L. & Lumbsch, H. T. (2012) DNA-based identification of lichen-forming fungi: can publicly available sequence databases aid in lichen diversity inventories of Mount Cameroon (West Africa)? Lichenologist 44: 833–839.Google Scholar
Rambaut, A. (2009) FigTree v1.2.3. Available at http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ Google Scholar
Rivas-Martínez, S. & Rivas-Sáenz, S. (2009) Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System. Phytosociological Research Center, Madrid. http://www.globalbioclimatics.org Google Scholar
Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22: 2688–2690.Google Scholar
Stamatakis, A., Hoover, P. & Rougemont, J. (2008) A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML Web servers. Systematic Biology 57: 758–771.Google Scholar
Stirton, J. (1878) On certain lichens belonging to the genus Parmelia . Scottish Naturalist 4: 200–203, 252–254, 298–299.Google Scholar
Strasberg, D., Rouget, M., Richardson, D. M., Baret, S., Dupont, J. & Cowling, R. M. (2005) An assessment of habitat diversity and transformation on La Réunion Island (Mascarene Islands, Indian Ocean) as a basis for identifying broad-scale conservation priorities. Biodiversity and Conservation 14: 3015–3032.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swinscow, T. D. V. & Krog, H. (1988) Macrolichens of East Africa. London: British Museum (Natural History).Google Scholar
van den Boom, P. P. G., Brand, M., Ertz, D., Kalb, K., Magain, N., Masson, D., Schiefelbein, U., Sipman, H. J. M. & Sérusiaux, E. (2011) Discovering the lichen diversity of a remote tropical island: working list of species collected on Reunion (Mascarene archipelago, Indian Ocean). Herzogia 24: 325–349.Google Scholar
White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. W , . (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In PCR Protocols: a Guide to Methods and Applications (M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky & T. J. White, eds): 315–322. San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Zhang, Y. Y., Wang, X. Y., Liu, D., Li, J. W., Shi, H. X., Ye, X. & Wang, L. S. (2014) Bulbothrix asiatica sp. nov., and other new records of Parmeliaceae with bulbate cilia from Cambodia. Bryologist 117: 379–385.Google Scholar
Zoller, S., Scheidegger, C. & Sperisen, C. (1999) PCR primers for the amplification of mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA of lichen-forming ascomycetes. Lichenologist 31: 511–516.Google Scholar