The limestone plateau of Derbyshire is intensively farmed but supports terricolous lichens associated with unimproved grazing, derelict lead mining ground and modern fluorspar working. The assemblages identified include a number of relict species now very rare in central England. Reworking mine waste for fluorspar can result in the development of communities containing particularly interesting lichens. Land-use is now the chief determinant of terricolous lichen communities in the area studied.