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Illegal Restriction of Competition by Courier-Services: Is The Netherlands Liable?
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 July 2009
Extract
A current legal development that has certainly attracted public attention (at least in the Netherlands) is the Decision of the European Commission “concerning the provision in the Netherlands of express delivery services”.
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References
1. OJ. 1990, L 10/47.
2. Postwet (Law on the Operation of the Postal Service), 1988 Staatsblad 60; Besluit Minimumtarieven (Implementing Decree), 1989 Staatscourant 109. See also Schuurman & Jordens 22 (1989).
3. See , Wyatt & , Dashwood The Substantive Law Of the EEC 376–377, more generally 364–377 (1980). See also Law of the European Community (Vaughan ed.) §§ 19.103–19.115 (vol. 2, 1986).Google Scholar
4. See Vaughan, supra note 4, §§ 19.104, 19.106, 19.107.
5. OJ. 1990, L 31/46.
6. It may be questioned whether this may in fact be inferred from the text See Schuurman & Jordens supra note 2, at 43.
7. See supra note 1, at 48 for a more elaborate exposition of the differences between the two.
8. See supra note 1, at 49. Generally Bellamy & Child, Common Market of Competition 569–570 (1987) and Van Gerven, Equal Treatment of Public and Private Enterprises, 2 FIDE (1.13, 1.15) (1978).
9. 311/84, Telemarketing, ECR 1985, 3278.
10. Supra note 1, at 50.
11. Supra note 1, at 51.
12. It seems to me that the rectification did not rectify as much as it should have rectified. More in particular, the Commission appears to mix up the various terms basic mail, expresse mail and courier delivered speed mail.
13. See Art. 173 of the EEC Treaty
14. See, e.g., 323/82, SL Intermills v. Commission, ECR 1985, 3809; 296/82 and 318/82, Leeuwarder Papierfabriek, ECR 1985, 809 and Schemers & Waelbroeck, Judicial Protection in the European Communities 205–217 (1987).
15. See Asser Verbintenissenrecht III, De Verbintenis uit de Wet 131–145 (1983).
16. Van Wijk & Konijnenbelt, Hoofdstukken van Administratief Recht 165–182 (1984).
17. HR 9–5-86, 252 NJ. (1987); HR 1–7-83, 360 NJ. (1984); HR 24-1-1969, 316 NJ. (1970); 1969 AA 266–273; Kan, Aansprakelijkheid voor Onverbindend Verklaarde Regelingen, 1969 NJB 789–790.
18. See 1969 AA 270; HR 24-1-1969, 316 NJ. (1969) (comment point 5); HR 23-11-1939, 242 NJ. (1940); HR 1-7-83, 360 NJ. (1984) (comment point 5); HR 4-4-1929, 44 NJ. (1929).
19. See HR 1-7-1983, 360 NJ.(1984) (comment point 3). See also Scheimers, 1979 AA 32–37. However Troostwijk, 26 AA 266–269 (1969).
20. Hand 1979/1980, at 15049; at the occasion of the amendment of the Dutch constitution. Here the government elaborates on the meaning of the provision.
21. Schemers & Waelbroeck, supra note 15, at 109. See also Bebr, Development of Judicial Control of the European Communities 616–617 (1981).
22. Kapteyn, Verloren Van Themaat (Gormley ed.), Introduction to the Law of the European CFommunities 40–45, 349–354 (1989).
23. 106/77, Amministrazione delle Hnanze dello Sato v. Simmenthal Spa., ECR 1978, 629.
24. Beber, Development of Judicial Control of the European Communities 616–617 (1981). Stein, in his comment on Case 71/85, ECJ 12–4, 1986, NJ 1987, no. 846.
25. Judgment of 6–23-1988, KG 351 (Hof 's Gravenhage 1988).
26. See Brinkhorst, & Schermers, Judicial Remedies in the European Communities 127–148 (1977);Google ScholarWouw, VanNederlandse rechter km Derde Richtlijn rechtstreeks toepassen, 6 NJB 180–181 (1985)Google Scholar. See also Kapteyn & Verioren Van Themaat, Introduction to the Law of the European Communities 333–338 (1989).
27. HR 24-1-1969, 316 NJ. 1969 (consideration 6).
28. HR 5-9-1986, 252 NJ. 1987.
29. Schermers & Waelbroeck, supra note 21, at 295–329; 1975 AA 42–47.
30. Bellamy & Child, Common Market Law of Competition 568 (1987); 155/73, Sacchi, ECR 1974, 409.
31. See supra note 1, point 5.