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10. Bell, Christine Dealing with the past in Northern Ireland’ (2003) 26(4) Fordham International Law Journal 1095.Google Scholar The most recent of these initiatives is the Consultative Group on the Past, a group appointed by the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, and chaired by Robin Eames and Dennis Bradley to consult across the community on the best way to deal with the legacy of the past in Northern Ireland. See http://www.cgpni.org.

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22. Akhavan, Payam Justice in the Hague, peace in the former Yugoslavia? a commentary on the United Nations war crime tribunal’ (1998) 20(4) Human Rights Quarterly 737.CrossRefGoogle Scholar Our emphasis.

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28. Article 6(5) of the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), 1125 UNTS 609, entered into force 7 December 1978.

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30. Report of the Healing Through Remembering project, Making Peace with the Past: Options for truth recovery regarding the conflict in and about Northern Ireland (Belfast: Healing Through Remembering, 2006),Google Scholar http://healingthroughremembering.org.

31. For the terms of reference of the Inquiry see http://www.bloody-sunday-inquiry.org.uk/index2.asp?p=7 (accessed 15 January 2008).

32. The Rt Hon Lord Widgery, OBE, TD Report of the Tribunal appointed to inquire into the events on Sunday, 30th January 1972, which led to loss of life in connection with the procession in Londonderry on that day (London: HMSO, HL 101, HC 220, 1972).

33. Christine Bell, above n 10.

34. Healing Through Remembering, above n 30; Bell, above n 10.

35. The Secretary of State for Northern Ireland confirmed in parliamentary questions that the cost for the Bloody Sunday Inquiry stood at £178.264 million at the end of April 2007. See http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmhansard/cm070726/text/70726w0050.htm (accessed 15 January 2008).

36. See Freeman, above n 4 at 31.

37. Healing Through Remembering, above n 30.

38. ‘Tribunal Will Cost €300 million Writes Judge Mahon’, http://www.rte.ie/news/2007/0215/mahon.html.

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40. Chapman and Ball, above n 27.

41. Ibid, at 20.

42. Ibid.

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48. Ibid; Ball, Patrick et al How Many Peruvians Have Died? (Washington DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2003).Google Scholar

49. Landman, above n 4, at p 113.

50. Ní Aoláin and Turner, above n 12.

51. Landman, above n 4, at p 125.

52. Ibid.

53. See eg Chapman and Ball, above n 27, at 24.

54. Landman, above n 4, at p 117.

55. Ibid, at p 119.

56. Chapman and Ball, above n 27, at 37.

57. See generally, Freeman, above n 4.

58. Ibid, at pp 188–221.

59. The investigations by Sir John Stevens into allegations of security force collusion with loyalist paramilitaries in Northern Ireland provide an example. See Stevens Enquiry: Overview and Recommendations, 17 April 2003, available at http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/collusion/stevens3/stevens3summary.pdf.

60. See generally http://www.policeombudsman.org.

61. See http://www.psni.police.uk/index/departments/historical_enquiries_team.htm.

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63. See Gasser, Hp A Measure of Humanity in Internal Disturbances and Tensions: Proposal for a Code of Conduct’ (1988) 262 International Review of the Red Cross 38;CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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69. Bassiouni, above n 67; Dugard, John Dealing with Crimes of the past: Is Amnesty Still an Option?’ (1999) 12 Leiden Journal of International Law 1004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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72. Stahn, above n 70.

73. Dugard, above n 69.

74. Prosecutor v Kallon (2004) 16 BHRC 252.

75. Ibid.

76. Moy, above n 70.

77. For example opposition to legislation proposed to deal with so-called ‘On the Runs’ resulted in the proposals being dropped, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_Ireland/4602314.stm.

78. This reflects findings made by Lundy and McGovern that of those in favour of a truth commission in Northern Ireland, 46.6% favoured the involvement of an international organisation such as the UN, making this the single most popular option. See Lundy, Patricia and McGovern, Mark Attitudes Towards a Truth Commission for Northern Ireland: A research report submitted to the Northern Ireland Community Relations Council based upon research conducted as part of the Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey 2004 (Belfast: Community Relations Council, 2006).Google Scholar

79. See Craig, Paul and De Burca, Grainne EU Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008).Google Scholar

80. Bell, Christine Peace Agreements: Their nature and legal status’ (2006) 100 American Journal of International Law 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

81. Campbell, Ní Aoláin and Harvey, above n 8.

82. Schapp, above n 19.

83. For a critique of ‘community relations’-based concepts of reconciliation in Northern Ireland, McEvoy, Leslie, McEvoy, Kieran and McConnachie, Kirsten ‘Reconciliation is a Dirty Word: Conflict, Community Relations and Education in Northern Ireland’ (2006) 60 Journal of International Affairs 81. Google Scholar