Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T20:58:12.189Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

References to Artificial Intelligence in Canada's Court Cases

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2020

Channarong Intahchomphoo ,
André Vellino ,
Odd Erik Gundersen ,
Christian Tschirhart  and
Eslam Shaaban
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a widely discussed topic in many fields including law. Legal studies scholars, particularly in the domain of technology and internet law, have expressed their hopes and concerns regarding AI. This project aims to study how Canada's courts have referred to AI, given the importance of the reasonings of justices to the policy makers who determine society's rules for the usage of AI in the future. Decisions from all levels of both Canada's provincial and federal courts are used as the data sources for this research. The findings indicate that there are four legal contexts in which AI has been referred to in the Canadian caselaw including: legal research, investment tax credits, trademarks and access to government records. In this article the authors use these findings to make suggestions for legal information management professionals on how to develop collections and reference services that are in line with the new information needs of their users regarding AI and the rule of law.

Keywords

artificial intelligenceA1lawinformation managementCanada
Type
International Perspectives
Information
Legal Information Management , Volume 20 , Issue 1 , March 2020 , pp. 39 - 46
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. Published by British and Irish Association of Law Librarians

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Footnotes

1 McCarty, L. Thorne. & Sridharan, M. S. (1982) A Computational Theory of Legal Argument. Technical Report LRP-TR-13. Computer Science Department, Rutgers University.

2 Rissland, Edwina L., Ashley, Kevin D. & Branting, L. Karl. (2005) Case-based reasoning and law. The Knowledge Engineering Review 20(3), 293–298CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

3 Aamodt, Agnar & Enric Plaza. (1994) Case-based reasoning: foundational issues, methodological variations, and system approaches. AI communications 7(1), 39–59.

4 Ashley, Kevin D. (1992) Case-based reasoning and its implications for legal expert systems. Artificial Intelligence and Law 1(2–3), 113–208CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

5 Ben-Ari, Daniel, et al. (2016) Artificial intelligence in the practice of law: An analysis and proof of concept experiment. Rich. JL & Tech 23(2).

6 Alarie, Benjamin, Niblett, Anthony, & Yoon, Albert H. (2016) Using machine learning to predict outcomes in tax law. Canadian Business Law Journal 58 (3), 231–254.

7 Alarie, Benjamin, Niblett, Anthony, & Yoon, Albert H. (2016) Law in the future. University of Toronto Law Journal 66(4), 423–428.

8 Leith, Philip. (1988) The application of AI to Law. AI & Society 2(1), 31–46.

9 Charles, John. (1998) Al and law enforcement. IEEE Intelligent Systems and their Applications 13(1), 77–80.

10 Charles, John. (1998) Al and law enforcement. IEEE Intelligent Systems and their Applications 13(1), 77–80.

11 Doshi-Velez, Finale, et al. (2017) Accountability of AI under the law: The role of explanation. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3064761.

12 Castel, J. G., & Castel, Matthew E. (2016) The road to artificial super-intelligence: Has international law a role to play? Canadian Journal of Law and Technology 14(1)Google Scholar.

13 Ibid.

14 Ibid.

15 Ben-Ari, Daniel, Frish, Yael, Lazovski, Adam, Eldan, Uriel, & Greebaum, Dov. (2017) Artificial intelligence in the practice of law: an analysis and proof of concept experiment. Richmond Journal of Law and Technology 23(2).

16 Wisskirchen, Gerlind et al. (2017) Artificial intelligence and robotics and their impact on the workplace. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohamed_Mourad_Lafifi/post/World_population_and_jobs_market_where_are_we_going/attachment/5c13b4a03843b006754b5976/AS%3A703736632586245%401544795296667/download/AI-and-Robotics-IBA-GEI-April-2017.pdf.

17 Remus, Dana, & Levy, Frank. (2017) Can robot be lawyers? computers, lawyers, and the practice of law. The Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics 30(3), 501–558.

18 Drummond v. The Cadillac Fairview Corp. Ltd., 2018 ONSC 5350. Retrieved from https://www.canlii.org/en/on/onsc/doc/2018/2018onsc5350/2018onsc5350.html?autocompleteStr=Drummond%20v.%20The%20Cadillac%20&autocompletePos=2.

19 Revelations Research Ltd. v. Minister of National Revenue, [1992] 1 C.T.C. 2136. Retrieved from https://nextcanada.westlaw.com

20 Knowledge Network of the West Communications Authority v. Leppik, [1989] 27 C.P.R. (3d) 92. Retrieved from https://nextcanada.westlaw.com.

21 Cognos Inc. v. Cognisys Consultants Inc., [1994] 53 C.P.R. (3d) 552. Retrieved from https://nextcanada.westlaw.com

22 Ontario (Finance) (Re), 2017 CanLII 143361 (ON IPC) Retrieved from https://www.canlii.org/en/on/onipc/doc/2017/2017canlii143361/2017canlii143361.html?autocompleteStr=Ontario%20(Finance)%20(Re)%2C%202017%20CanL&autocompletePos=2.

23 Srivastava, S. (2019) Top 10 countries leading the artificial intelligence race. Retrieved from https://www.analyticsinsight.net/top-10-countries-leading-the-artificial-intelligence-race/.

24 wipo.int/portal/en/index.html.