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See, e.g., Ronald L. Stephens, ““Do Not Resuscitate” Orders: Ensuring the Patient's Participation,” JAMA, 255 (Jan. 1986): 240–41.Google Scholar

Bedell, Susanna E. and Delbanco, Thomas L., “Choices about Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Hospital: When do Physicians Talk with Patients?”, New England Journal of Medicine, 310 (Apr. 1984): 1089–93. See also Evans, Andrew L. and Brody, Baruch A., “The Do-Not-Resuscitate Order in Teaching Hospitals”, JAMA, 253 (Apr. 1985): 2236–39.Google Scholar

See, e.g., President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, Deciding to Forego Life-Sustaining Treatment (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1983), 4, 5, 9; The Hastings Center, Guidelines on the Termination of Life-Sustaining Treatment and the Care of the Dying (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987).Google Scholar

Blackhall, Leslie J., “Must We Always Use CPR?”, New England Journal of Medicine, 317 (Nov. 1987): 1281–85. For additional discussion of futility, see, e.g., Lo, Bernard and Steinbrook, Robert L., “Deciding Whether to Resuscitate”, Archives of Internal Medicine, 143 (Aug. 1983): 1561–63.Google Scholar

In re Jobes, 108 N.J. 394, 529 A.2d 434 (1987).Google Scholar