Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T15:12:55.600Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Power, Intercorporate Networks, and “Strategic Bankruptcy”

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Strands of scholarly writing on corporate bankruptcy are scattered across the fields of economics, jurisprudence, political science, and policy analysis. These varied perspectives tend to share common weaknesses that point directly to adding a sociological voice to the debate. An analytic framework that emphasizes power, interorganizational ties, and the embeddedness of organizational action in a larger social structure yields new insights into “strategic bankruptcies,” such as the Chapter 11 filing of the Manville Corporation. In turn, this perspective leads to a questioning of some of the basic assumptions concerning the role and operation of bankruptcy law.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1989 The Law and Society Association

Footnotes

I would like to express my appreciation to Gerry Turkel for submitting this paper to the Law and Society Association Student Paper Awards Committee and to Susan Silbey and the other members of the committee for their recognition of this work. I would also like to thank David Carlson, Jonathan D. Casper, Shari Diamond, Rick Eckstein, Mark Granovetter, James Rule, Michael Schwartz, and Debra Swoboda for their thoughtful comments.

References

References

ALCHIAN, Arnold (1953) “Biological Analogies in the Theory of the Firm: Comment,” 43 American Economic Review 600.Google Scholar
ALTMAN, Edward I. (1983) Corporate Financial Distress: A Complete Guide to Predicting, Avoiding, and Dealing with Bankruptcy. New York: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
ALTMAN, Edward I. (1971) Corporate Bankruptcy in America. Lexington, MA: Heath Lexington Books.Google Scholar
ANG, James S., and Jess H., CHUA (1980) “Coalitions, the Me-First Rule, and the Liquidation Decision,” 11 The Bell Journal of Economics 355.Google Scholar
ASBESTOS LITIGATION GROUP (1983) “The Manville Bankruptcy—Using Chapter XI as an Escape Hatch,” 19 Trial 72.Google Scholar
BAIRD, Douglas G. (1987) “A World Without Bankruptcy,” 50 Law and Contemporary Problems 173.Google Scholar
BARRICKMAN, Ray (1979) Business Failures: Causes, Remedies, and Cures. Washington, DC: University Press of America.Google Scholar
BEARDEN, James (1982) “The Board of Directors in Large U.S. Corporations.” Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Sociology, State University of New York at Stony Brook.Google Scholar
BEAVER, William H. (1968) “Market Prices, Financial Ratios, and the Prediction of Failure,” 6 Journal of Accounting Research 179.Google Scholar
BERG, Eric N. (1986) “Savings Industry Upset by Accounting Proposal,” New York Times (July 17).Google Scholar
BERLE, Adolf A., and Gardiner C., MEANS ([1932] 1968) The Modem Corporation and Private Property. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.Google Scholar
BERMAN, Jack (1984) “Beshada v. Johns-Manville Products Corp.: The Function of State of the Art Evidence in Strict Product Liability,” 10 American Journal of Law and Medicine 93.Google Scholar
BRODEUR, Paul (1985a) “The Asbestos Industry on Trial I: A Failure to Warn,” The New Yorker (June 10) 49 (pt. 1); II: Discovery (June 17) 45 (pt. 2); III: Judgment (June 24) 37 (pt. 3); IV: Bankruptcy (July 1) 36 (pt. 4).Google Scholar
BRODEUR, Paul (1985b) Outrageous Misconduct: The Asbestos Industry on Trial. New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar
BULOW, Jeremy and James, SHOVEN (1978) “The Bankruptcy Decision,” 9 The Bell Journal of Economics 437.Google Scholar
CASTLEMAN, Barry (1979) “How the Asbestos Industry Avoids Its Victims,” 31 Business and Society Review 33.Google Scholar
CHEN, Edward (1984) “Asbestos Litigation Is a Growth Industry,” 25 The Atlantic 24.Google Scholar
COHEN, Michael D., James G., MARCH and Johan P., OLSEN (1972) “A Garbage Can Model of Organizational Choice,” 17 Administrative Science Quarterly 1.Google Scholar
COPELAND, R. M., P. E., DASCHER, and D. L., DAVISON (1980) Financial Accounting. New York: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
CROYLE, James L. (1978) “Industrial Accident Policy of the Early Twentieth Century,” 7 Journal of Legal Studies 279.Google Scholar
DAY, Richard (1975) “Adaptive Processes in Economic Theory,” in Day, R. and Groves, T. (eds.), Adaptive Economic Models. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
DELANEY, Kevin J. (1985) “The Manville Corporation and Mass-Tort Bankruptcy: Legal Accommodation of Corporate Interest.” Presented to the Eastern Sociological Society, Philadelphia (March).Google Scholar
DRUCKER, Peter Ferdinand (1974) Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD (1975) Opinion Number 5, Accounting for Contingencies. Stamford, CT: Financial Accounting Foundation.Google Scholar
GLASBERG, Davita S. (1987) “Chrysler Corporation's Struggle for Bailout: The Role of the State in Finance Capitalist Society,” 3 Research in Political Sociology 87.Google Scholar
GLASBERG, Davita S. (1985) “The Role of Finance Capital and the Social Construction of Corporate Crisis,” 13 Insurgent Sociologist 39.Google Scholar
GLASBERG, Davita S. (1981) “Corporate Power and Control: The case of Leasco Corporation versus Chemical Bank” 29 Social Problems 104.Google Scholar
GLASBERG, Davita S., and Michael, SCHWARTZ (1983) “Ownership and Control of Corporations,” 9 Annual Review of Sociology 311.Google Scholar
GORDON, M. J. (1971) “Towards a Theory of Financial Distress,” 26 Journal of Finance 347.Google Scholar
GRANOVETTER, Mark (1987) “The Sociological and Economic Approaches to Labor Market Analysis: A Social Structural View,” in Farkas, G. and England, P. (eds.), Industries, Firms, and Jobs: Sociological and Economic Approaches. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
GRANOVETTER, Mark (1985) “Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness,” 91 American Journal of Sociology 481.Google Scholar
HERMAN, Edward S. (1981) Corporate Control, Corporate Power. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
HERMAN, Edward S. (1973) “Do Bankers Control Corporations?” 25 Monthly Review 12.Google Scholar
HIRSCHMAN, Albert O. (1970) Exit, Voice, and Loyalty. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
HUTCHINSON, Ruth Gillette, Arthur R., HUTCHINSON, and Mabel, NEWCOMER (1938) “A Study in Business Mortality,” 28 American Economic Review 497.Google Scholar
IVEY, Mark, and Laurie, BAUM (1986) “Now Comes the Hard Part for Manville,” Business Week (July 7) 76.Google Scholar
JACKSON, Thomas H. (1986) The Logic and Limits of Bankruptcy Law. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
JOHNSON, Craig G. (1970) “Ratio Analysis and the Prediction of Firm Failure,” 25 Journal of Finance 1166.Google Scholar
JOHNSON, William G., and Edward, HELER (1984) “Compensation for Death from Asbestos,” 37 Industrial and Labor Relations Review 529.Google Scholar
LEE, Elliott D. (1987) “Bankruptcy Lawyers Gain Status, Wider Role in Corporate Strategy,” Wall Street Journal (July 9) 31.Google Scholar
MANVILLE CORPORATION (1981) Annual Report. Denver: Manville Corporation.Google Scholar
MAYHEW, Leon H. (1975) “Institutions of Representation: Civil Justice and the Public,” 9 Law & Society Review 401.Google Scholar
MINTZ, Beth, and Michael, SCHWARTZ (1985) The Power Structure of American Business. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
MIZRUCHI, Mark (1982) The Structure of the American Intercorporate Network, 1904–1974. New York: Sage.Google Scholar
MOODY'S INVESTOR SERVICES (1983, 1982) Moody's Industrial Manual. New York: Moody's Investor Services.Google Scholar
NELSON, Nancy L. (1972) “Asbestos: Airborne Danger,” 21 Safety Standards 2.Google Scholar
NELSON, Philip B. (1981) Corporations in Crisis: Behavioral Observations for Bankruptcy Policy. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
PFEFFER, Jeffrey, and Gerald R., SALANCIK (1978) The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
ROE, Mark J. (1984) “Bankruptcy and Mass Tort,” 84 Columbia Law Review 846.Google Scholar
ROYCE, Edward (1985) “The Origins of Southern Sharecropping: Explaining Social Change,” 6 Current Perspectives in Social Theory 279.Google Scholar
SADD, Victor, and Robert T., WILLIAMS (1932) Causes of Commercial Bankruptcies. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
SCHMITT, Eric (1986) “New Manville Plan,” New York Times (April 23).Google Scholar
SCHUMPETER, Joseph A. (1950) Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
SCHUMPETER, Joseph A. (1939) Business Cycles (Vols. 1 and 2). New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
SELIKOFF, Irving (1982) “Asbestos-Associated Disease,” in Alcorn, W. (ed.), Asbestos Litigation. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.Google Scholar
SULLIVAN, Teresa A., Elizabeth, WARREN, and Jay Lawrence, WESTBROOK (1987) “The Use of Empirical Data in Formulating Bankruptcy Policy,” 50 Law and Contemporary Problems 195.Google Scholar
THOMPSON, James D. (1967) Organizations in Action. New York: McGrawHill.Google Scholar
TREIMAN, Israel (1938) “Acts of Bankruptcy: A Medieval Concept in Modern Bankruptcy Law,” 52 Harvard Law Review 189.Google Scholar
TREIMAN, Israel (1927) “Escaping the Creditor in the Middle Ages,” 42 Law Quarterly Review 230.Google Scholar
TURKEL, Gerald (1982) “Situated Corporatist Legitimacy: The 1980 Chrysler Loan Guarantee,” 4 Research in Law, Deviance, and Social Control 165.Google Scholar
U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (1977) Report on Bankruptcy Reform Act 95th Cong., 1st Sess., H. Rep. 95–595.Google Scholar
U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR, SUBCOMMITTEE ON LABOR STANDARDS (1982) Oversight Hearings on the Effect of the Manville and UNR Bankruptcies on Compensation of Asbestos Victims, 97th Cong. 2nd Sess.Google Scholar
U.S. SENATE (1978) Report on Bankruptcy Reform Act. 95th Cong., 2nd sess., S. Rept. 95-989.Google Scholar
U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY, SUBCOMMITTEE ON COURTS (1982) The Manville Bankruptcy and the Northern Pipeline Decision. 97th Cong., 2nd sess., S. Hearing No. 97–150.Google Scholar
VERMEULEN, James E., and Daniel M., BERMAN (1982) “Asbestos Companies Under Fire,” 42 Business and Society Review 21.Google Scholar
WARREN, Charles (1935) Bankruptcy in United States History. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WEISS, Stuart (1985) “Saying No to Shopping for Yes-Man CPAs,” Business Week (May 13) 128.Google Scholar
ZEMANS, Frances Kahn (1983) “Legal Mobilization: The Neglected Role of the Law in the Political System,” 77 American Political Science Review 690.Google Scholar
ZEMANS, Frances Kahn (1982) “Framework for Analysis of Legal Mobilization: A Decision-Making Model,” 4 American Bar Foundation Research Journal 989.Google Scholar

Cases Cited

In re Johns-Manville Corp., 36 Bankr. 743 (S.D.N.Y., 1984).Google Scholar
In re Asbestos Insurance Coverage Cases, Nos. 1072 and 765226 (Superior Court for the State of California or the City and County of San Francisco, Mar. 31,. 1980).Google Scholar

Filing Cited

SEC, Manville Form 10Q, § II-4 (Mar. 31, 1985).Google Scholar

Statutes Cited

Bankruptcy Act of 1898, ch. 541, 30 Stat. 544.Google Scholar
Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978, Pub. L. No. 95–598, 92 Stat. 2549 (Codified as 11 U.S.C.).Google Scholar
United States Code (1982), Title 11, Bankruptcy.Google Scholar